托福閱讀詞匯大全之戲劇篇

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！托福閱讀詞匯大全之戲劇篇托福閱讀中涉及到很多詞匯的使用，任何情況下詞匯是至關(guān)重要的，在復(fù)習(xí)托?？荚嚂r(shí)，Delta是很多考生的備考資料。而且其中部分出現(xiàn)的生詞也很有可能出現(xiàn)在托福實(shí)戰(zhàn)中。下面我們就搜集整理了部分托福閱讀詞匯中的戲劇篇，以便大家在托福閱讀中更好地應(yīng)對(duì)生詞。tragedy悲劇one-actplay獨(dú)幕劇opera歌劇farce滑稽戲，趣劇(stage)play話劇Beijingopera京劇historicalplay歷史劇puppetshow木偶戲(aplay)inthreeactsandfivescenes三幕五場(劇)comedy喜劇operetta小歌劇pantomime啞劇playwright編劇，劇作家dressrehearsal彩排traditionaltheatricalpieces傳統(tǒng)劇目director導(dǎo)演climax高潮libretto歌劇腳本intermezzo間奏曲part,role角色titlerole劇名角色rehearsal排演plot情節(jié)episode情節(jié)中的插曲character人物stageversion上演本(ones)lines臺(tái)詞prologue序幕leadingrole(character)主角chiefactress女主角chiefactor男主角topresentonthestage搬上舞臺(tái)torehearse排演toplaytheroleof……()toputonaplay演出，上演announcer,masterofceremonies報(bào)幕員repertoire()scenery,decor布景scene-painter布景畫家settingdesigner布景設(shè)計(jì)人scene-man布景員properties,props道具propertyman道具管理員toplight頂燈costume服裝farewellperformance告別演出backstage后臺(tái)applause喝采make-up化裝make-upman化裝師dressingroom化裝室footlight腳燈synopsis劇情簡介company,troupe劇團(tuán)spotlight聚光燈curtain幕firstperformance,premiere首次演出prompter提詞人prompters’box提詞廂stage舞臺(tái)stagemanager舞臺(tái)監(jiān)督stageeffect舞臺(tái)效果stageillumination,lighting舞臺(tái)照明interval,intermission休息revolvingstage旋轉(zhuǎn)舞臺(tái)mobiletroupe巡回演出隊(duì)artdirector藝術(shù)指導(dǎo)soundeffect音響效果possibleencore預(yù)備節(jié)目orchestrapit樂池toapplaud喝彩Thecurtainfalls.幕落Thecurtainrises.幕啟topresentabouquet(abasketofflowers)to……獻(xiàn)花toansweracurtaincall;torespondtoacurtaincall謝幕Encore!再來一次togiveanencore()一次box包廂exit出口cinema電影院gallery頂層樓座operahouse歌劇院audience,spectators觀眾aisle座位中的)走道programme節(jié)目單theatre劇院operaglasses看戲望遠(yuǎn)鏡house，fullhouse客滿，滿座auditorium禮堂uppercircle(二樓后座dresscircle(二樓前座open-airtheatre,amphitheatre露天劇場puppetshowtheatre木偶劇場usher男引座員usherette女引座員以上就是托福閱讀中戲劇篇，希望給每一位考生一個(gè)更好地了解托福閱讀的途徑。當(dāng)然如果你想讓閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)更高的話，這些素材的熟悉將會(huì)是一個(gè)很好的基礎(chǔ)。而且，要想最終想以高分托福結(jié)尾，單詞的多樣性也是必不可少的，所以日常的積累必不可少。托福閱讀詞匯大全之考古、人類篇托福閱讀中涉及到很多詞匯的使用，任何情況下詞匯是至關(guān)重要的，在復(fù)習(xí)托?？荚嚂r(shí)，Delta是很多考生的備考資料。而且其中部分出現(xiàn)的生詞也很有可能出現(xiàn)在托福實(shí)戰(zhàn)中。下面我們就搜集整理了部分托福閱讀詞匯中的考古、人類篇，以便大家在托福閱讀中更好地應(yīng)對(duì)生詞。anthropologist人類學(xué)家paleoanthropologist古人類學(xué)家ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學(xué)家psychologicalanthropologist心理人類學(xué)家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人()homogeneous同一種族種類的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古學(xué)家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘ruins遺跡，廢墟remains遺跡，遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器時(shí)代BronzeAge青)銅器時(shí)代IronAge鐵器時(shí)代Paleolithic舊石器時(shí)代的Mesolithic中石器時(shí)代的Neolithic新石器時(shí)代的archaeology考古學(xué)anthropology人類學(xué)morphology形態(tài)學(xué)skull顱骨cranial顱骨的以上就是托福閱讀中考古、人類篇，希望給每一位考生一個(gè)更好地了解托福閱讀的途徑。當(dāng)然如果你想讓閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)更高的話，這些素材的熟悉將會(huì)是一個(gè)很好的基礎(chǔ)。而且，要想最終想以高分托福結(jié)尾，單詞的多樣性也是必不可少的，所以日常的積累必不可少?？脊艑W(xué)的相關(guān)材料要點(diǎn)新托福閱讀中，考古學(xué)作為自然科學(xué)的一支，常有出現(xiàn)。不熟悉或者不了解的同學(xué)一定要抽出一定的時(shí)間來，找一些考古學(xué)相關(guān)的材料，充一下電。這些工作花不了多長時(shí)間，然而不做的話，考試時(shí)一旦遇到，后果大家都知道的。其實(shí)考古學(xué)所涉及的專業(yè)術(shù)語并不多，大致了解即可。文化(cultural)考古學(xué)形態(tài)(physical)考古學(xué)化石(fossil)人的左右手使用工具。證據(jù)：敲擊的劃痕；手柄的形狀。牙齒上的劃痕。大腦左右半球的大小差別；趾骨的粗細(xì)差別。作畫時(shí)人像的方向古代陶瓷的考古。Clay,model,wheel，glaze,kiln古代文字的考古考古學(xué)常用詞匯archeology考古學(xué)archeologist考古學(xué)家artifact人造物品excavate挖掘temple廟relic遺物，遺跡；紀(jì)念物carve刻，雕刻kingdom/realm王國emperor國王empire王國pharaoh法老theNiles尼羅河pyramid金字塔chart繪圖statue雕像skull頭腦；頭骨warship祭拜antique古物，古董site地址、遺址unearth發(fā)掘，發(fā)現(xiàn)indigenous當(dāng)?shù)厝薳xhume掘出scoop汲??；挖掘antiquity古代，古老，古代的文物offspring/descendent后代dwelling住所dweller居民savages野蠻人disclosure揭露remnant殘余；遺跡residue殘余remains殘余；遺跡remainder殘余，剩余物primitive原始的，最初的archaic古老的，陳舊的prehistoric史前的，陳舊的medieval中世紀(jì)的，仿中世excavation挖掘，挖掘成的紀(jì)的；老式的originate起源，發(fā)生洞；出土文物vestige遺跡，痕跡primordial原始的trace痕跡，蹤跡primeval原始的chronological按年代順序排列的Mesolithic中石器時(shí)代Paleolithic舊石器時(shí)代的Neolithic新石器時(shí)代invaluable無價(jià)的，價(jià)值無法衡量的precious寶貴的，貴重的最新托福經(jīng)典閱讀練習(xí)詳解：ElectricityfromWind從今天起，小編給大家整理了一些新托?？荚嚱?jīng)典閱讀練習(xí)題。要知道閱讀一直就是英語考試中的重中之重，所以一定要勤加練習(xí)。今天給大家分享一篇名為“Electricityfrom”的文章。Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.MostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestateselectricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFrancisco).Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestatesNorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.Largewindfarmscanbebuiltinsixmonthstoayearandtheneasilyexpandedasneeded.Withamoderatetofairlyhighnetenergyyield,thesesystemsemitnoheat-trappingcarbondioxideorotherairpollutantsandneednowaterforcooling;manufacturingthemproduceslittlewaterpollution.Thelandunderwindturbinescanbeusedforgrazingcattleandotherpurposes,andleasinglandforwindturbinescanprovideextraincomeforfarmersandranchers.Windpowerhasasignificantcostadvantageovernuclearpowerandhasbecomecompetitivewithcoal-firedpowerplantsinmanyplaces.Withnewtechnologicaladvancesandmassproduction,projectedcostdeclinesshouldmakewindpoweroneoftheworldscheapestwaystoproduceelectricity.Inthelongrun,electricityfromlargewindfarmsinremoteareasmightbeusedtomakehydrogengasfromwaterduringperiodswhenthereislessthanpeakdemandforelectricity.Thehydrogengascouldthenbefedintoastoragesystemandusedtogenerateelectricitywhenadditionalorbackuppowerisneeded.Windpowerismosteconomicalinareaswithsteadywinds.Inareaswherethewinddiesdown,backupelectricityfromautilitycompanyorfromanenergystoragesystembecomesnecessary.Backuppowercouldalsobeprovidedbylinkingwindfarmswithasolarcell,withconventionalorpumped-storagehydropower,orwithefficientnatural-gas-burningturbines.Somedrawbackstowindfarmsincludevisualpollutionandnoise,althoughthesecanbeovercomebyimprovingtheirdesignandlocatingtheminisolatedareas.Largewindfarmsmightalsointerferewiththeflightpatternsofmigratorybirdsincertainareas,andtheyhavekilledlargebirdsofprey(especiallyhawks,falcons,andeagles)thatprefertohuntalongthesameridgelinesthatareidealforwindturbines.Thekillingofbirdsofpreybywindturbineshaspittedenvironmentalistswhochampionwildlifeprotectionagainstenvironmentalistswhopromoterenewablewindenergy.Researchersareevaluatinghowseriousthisproblemisandhopetofindwaystoeliminateorsharplyreducethisproblem.Someanalystsalsocontendthatthenumberofbirdskilledbywindturbinesisdwarfedbybirdskilledbyotherhuman-relatedsourcesandbythepotentiallossofentirebirdspeciesfrompossibleglobalwarming.RecordeddeathsofbirdsofpreyandotherbirdsinwindfarmsintheUnitedStatescurrentlyamounttonomorethan300peryear.Bycontrast,intheUnitedStatesanestimated97millionbirdsarekilledeachyearwhentheycollidewithbuildingsmadeofplateglass,57millionarekilledonhighwayseachyear;atleast3.8milliondieannuallyfrompollutionandpoisoning;andmillionsofbirdsareelectrocutedeachyearbytransmissionanddistributionlinescarryingpowerproducedbynuclearandcoalpowerplants.Thetechnologyisinplaceforamajorexpansionofwindpowerworldwide.Windpowerisavirtuallyunlimitedsourceofenergyatfavorablesites,andevenexcludingenvironmentallysensitiveareas,theglobalpotentialofwindpowerismuchhigherthanthecurrentworldelectricityuse.Intheory,Argentina,Canada,Chile,China,Russia,andtheUnitedKingdomcouldusewindtomeetalloftheirenergyneeds.Windpowerexpertsprojectthatbythemiddleofthetwenty-firstcenturywindpowercouldsupplymorethan10percentoftheselectricityand10-25percentoftheelectricityusedintheUnitedStates.ParagraphSince1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.MostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentoftheselectricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFrancisco).Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploitingthewindpotentialofjustthree—NorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.1.Basedontheinformationinparagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthetermwindfarms?○Armsusingwindmillstopumpwater○Researchcentersexploringtheusesofwind○TypesofpowerplantcommoninNorthDakota○CollectionsofwindturbinesproducingelectricpowerParagraphLargewindfarmscanbebuiltinsixmonthstoayearandtheneasilyexpandedasneeded.Withamoderatetofairlyhighnetenergyyield,thesesystemsemitnoheat-trappingcarbondioxideorotherairpollutantsandneednowaterforcooling;manufacturingthemproduceslittlewaterpollution.Thelandunderwindturbinescanbeusedforgrazingcattleandotherpurposes,andleasinglandforwindturbinescanprovideextraincomeforfarmersandranchers.2.Thewordemitinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○Use○Require○Release○DestroyParagraph3:Windpowerhasasignificantcostadvantageovernuclearpowerandhasbecomecompetitivewithcoal-firedpowerplantsinmanyplaces.Withnewtechnologicaladvancesandmassproduction,projectedcostdeclinesshouldmakewindpoweroneofthe’scheapestwaystoproduceelectricity.Inthelongrun,electricityfromlargewindfarmsinremoteareasmightbeusedtomakehydrogengasfromwaterduringperiodswhenthereislessthanpeakdemandforelectricity.Thehydrogengascouldthenbefedintoastoragesystemandusedtogenerateelectricitywhenadditionalorbackuppowerisneeded.Paragraph4:Windpowerismosteconomicalinareaswithsteadywinds.Inareaswherethewinddiesdown,backupelectricityfromautilitycompanyorfromanenergystoragesystembecomesnecessary.Backuppowercouldalsobeprovidedbylinkingwindfarmswithasolarcell,withconventionalorpumped-storagehydropower,orwithefficientnatural-gasburningturbines.Somedrawbackstowindfarmsincludevisualpollutionandnoise,althoughthesecanbeovercomebyimprovingtheirdesignandlocatingtheminisolatedareas.3.Basedontheinformationinparagraph3andparagraph4,whatcanbeinferredaboutthestatesofNorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexasmentionedattheendofparagraph1?○Theyrelylargelyoncoal-firedpowerplants.○Theycontainremoteareaswherethewindsrarelydiedown.○Over1percentoftheelectricityinthesestatesisproducedbywindfarms.○WindfarmsinthesestatesarebeingexpandedtomeetthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStates.4.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutperiodswhenthedemandforelectricityisrelativelylow?○Theseperiodsaretimeswhenwindturbinesarepoweredbyhydrogengas.○Theseperiodsprovidetheopportunitytoproduceandstoreenergyforfutureuse.○Theseperiodscreatestorageproblemsforallformsofpowergeneration.○Theseperiodsoccurasoftenasperiodswhenthedemandforelectricityishigh.5.Inparagraph4,theauthorstatesthatinareaswherewindsarenotsteady○Powerdoesnotreachallcustomers○Windfarmscannotbeused○Solarpowerismoreappropriate○B(yǎng)ackupsystemsareneeded6.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatcanbeinferredabouttheproblemsofvisualpollutionandnoiseassociatedwithwindfarms?○B(yǎng)othproblemsaffecttheefficiencyofwindfarms.○Possiblesolutionsareknownforbothproblems.○Windpowercreatesmorenoisethanvisualpollution.○Peoplearemoreconcernedaboutvisualpollutionthannoise.Paragraph5:Largewindfarmsmightalsointerferewiththeflightpatternsofmigratorybirdsincertainareas,andtheyhavekilledlargebirdsofprey(especiallyhawks,falcons,andeagles)thatprefertohuntalongthesameridgelinesthatareidealforwindturbines.Thekillingofbirdsofpreybywindturbineshaspittedenvironmentalistswhochampionwildlifeprotectionagainstenvironmentalistswhopromoterenewablewindenergy.Researchersareevaluatinghowseriousthisproblemisandhopetofindwaystoeliminateorsharplyreducethisproblem.Someanalystsalsocontendthatthenumberofbirdskilledbywindturbinesisdwarfedbybirdskilledbyotherhuman-relatedsourcesandbythepotentiallossofentirebirdspeciesfrompossibleglobalwarming.RecordeddeathsofbirdsofpreyandotherbirdsinwindfarmsintheUnitedStatescurrentlyamounttonomorethan300peryear.Bycontrast,intheUnitedStatesanestimated97millionbirdsarekilledeachyearwhentheycollidewithbuildingsmadeofplateglass,57millionarekilledonhighwayseachyear;atleast3.8milliondieannuallyfrompollutionandpoisoning;andmillionsofbirdsareelectrocutedeachyearbytransmissionanddistributionlinescarryingpowerproducedbynuclearandcoalpowerplants.7.Thephrasethisprobleminthepassagerefersto○Interferencewiththeflightpatternsofmigratingbirdsincertainareas○B(yǎng)uildingridgelinesthatareidealforwindturbines○Thekillingofbirdsofpreybywindturbines○Meetingthedemandsofenvironmentalistswhopromoterenewablewindenergy8.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○Hawks,falcons,andeaglesprefertohuntalongridgelines,wherewindturbinescankilllargenumbersofmigratorybirds.○Windturbinesoccasionallycausemigratorybirdstochangetheirflightpatternsandthereforemayinterferewiththeareaswherebirdsofpreyprefertohunt.○Someofthebestlocationsforlargewindfarmsareplacesthatmaycauseproblemsformigratingbirdsandbirdsofprey.○Largewindfarmsincertainareaskillhawks,falcons,andeaglesandthusmightcreateamoreidealpathfortheflightofmigratorybirds.9.Inparagraph5,whydoestheauthorgivedetailsabouttheestimatednumbersofbirdskilledeachyear?○Toarguethatwindfarmsshouldnotbebuiltalongridgelines○Topointoutthatthedeathsofmigratorybirdsexceedthedeathsofbirdsofprey○Toexplainwhysomeenvironmentalistsopposewindenergy○Tosuggestthatwindturbinesresultinrelativelyfewbirddeaths10.Thephraseamounttointhepassageisclosestinmeaningto○Canidentify○Change○Arereducedby○TotalParagraph6:Thetechnologyisinplaceforamajorexpansionofwindpowerworldwide.Windpowerisavirtuallyunlimitedsourceofenergyatfavorablesites,andevenexcludingenvironmentallysensitiveareas,theglobalpotentialofwindpowerismuchhigherthanthecurrentworldelectricityuse.Intheory,Argentina,Canada,Chile,China,Russia,andtheUnitedKingdomcouldusewindtomeetalloftheirenergyneeds.Windpowerexpertsprojectthatbythemiddleofthetwenty-firstcenturywindpowercouldsupplymorethan10percentoftheselectricityand10-25percentoftheelectricityusedintheUnitedStates.11.Thewordprojectinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto○Estimate○Respond○Argue○Plan12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectstheauthor’sopinionaboutwindenergy?○Windenergyproductionshouldbelimitedtolargewindfarms.○Theadvantagesofwindenergyoutweighthedisadvantages.○Thetechnologytomakewindenergysafeandefficientwillnotbereadyuntilthemiddleofthetwenty-firstcentury.○Windenergywilleventuallysupplymanycountrieswithmostoftheirelectricity.Paragraph1:Since1980,theuseofwindtoproduceelectricityhasbeengrowingrapidly.█In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.█MostwereinDenmark(whichgot3percentofitselectricityfromwindturbines)andCalifornia(where17,000machinesproduced1percentofthestateselectricity,enoughtomeettheresidentialneedsofacityaslargeasSanFrancisco).█Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexploitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestatesNorthDakota,SouthDakota,andTexas.█13.Lookatthefoursquares█thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibilityandareplanningsizablewind-farmprojectsinstatesotherthanCalifornia.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.14.Directions:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.Inthefuture,windpowerislikelytobecomeamajorsourceoftheworld’senergysupply.AnswerChoices○Windfarmshavealreadyproducedsufficientamountsofelectricitytosuggestthatwindpowercouldbecomeanimportantsourceofelectricpower.○Windpowerhasseveraladvantages,suchaslowpollutionandprojectedcostdeclines,comparedtootherenergysources.○Respondingtoenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutbirdskilledbywindturbines,analystspointtootherhumandevelopmentsthatareevenmoredangeroustobirds.○ThewindenergyproducedbyjustasmallnumberofstatescouldsupplyallofthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStates.○Althoughwindpowerisnoteconomicalinareaswithsteadywinds,alternativewindsourcescanbeusedtosimulatewindpower.○Smallercountries,whichuselesselectricitythanlargecountries,areespeciallysuitedtousewindpowertomeetalltheirenergyneeds.Dragyouranswerchoicestothespaceswheretheybelong.Toremoveananswerchoice,clickonit.Toreviewthepassage,clickonViewText.參考答案：1.○42.○33.○24.○25.○46.○27.○38.○39.○410.○411.○112.○213.○414.○123以上就是這篇文章的原文和參考答案及解析，下面一篇小編會(huì)把參考譯文附上。小編給大家附上了之前的新托?？荚嚱?jīng)典閱讀練習(xí)的譯文，這篇是ElectricityfromWind的譯文，考生可以練習(xí)后對(duì)照參考。原文回顧)參考譯文風(fēng)力發(fā)電的運(yùn)用從1980年起一直迅猛增長。1994年，世界各地有近2萬臺(tái)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)，大量風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)集中的地方被稱作風(fēng)力發(fā)電場，可共同發(fā)電兆瓦。風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠主要集中在丹麥和美國的加利福尼亞州。丹麥全國電力的3%來源于風(fēng)力發(fā)電，美國加州風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠17，臺(tái)渦輪機(jī)的發(fā)電量占全國1%，足以滿足舊金山這種大城市的居住用電需求。全美的電力需求基本上都可以通過挖掘北達(dá)科他州、南達(dá)科他州和得克薩斯州的風(fēng)力發(fā)電潛力來滿足。大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電場可在6個(gè)月至一年內(nèi)建成，后續(xù)可根據(jù)需要隨時(shí)擴(kuò)建。發(fā)電廠里的設(shè)備在實(shí)現(xiàn)大量電能高產(chǎn)的同時(shí)，不僅做到了溫室氣體二氧化碳和其他空氣污染物的零排放，并且無需用水對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行降溫;同時(shí)，風(fēng)力發(fā)電基本不會(huì)造成水資源污染。風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)的所在地還可用于放牛等其他用途，農(nóng)民們和農(nóng)場主可以通過土地出租供風(fēng)力發(fā)電來增加額外收入。風(fēng)力發(fā)電和核電站發(fā)電相比具有明顯的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)，在很多地方與燃煤發(fā)電也不相上下。隨著新技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，預(yù)期的成本下降會(huì)使風(fēng)力發(fā)電成為世界上最成本最低的發(fā)電方式。未來，偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電場發(fā)電量高于用電高峰需求量時(shí)，多出的電量可能會(huì)為從水中制造氫氣提供支持。氫氣可以存儲(chǔ)起來，在需要額外或后備電源時(shí)用來發(fā)電。在風(fēng)源穩(wěn)定的地區(qū)，風(fēng)力發(fā)電是最符合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的。在風(fēng)源不足的地方，需要穩(wěn)定的備用電力來源，如公用事業(yè)公司，能量儲(chǔ)存，太陽能電池，傳統(tǒng)水力發(fā)電機(jī)，抽水蓄能，或者燃燒天然氣的高效渦輪機(jī)。雖然風(fēng)力發(fā)電會(huì)帶來視覺污染和噪音，不過這些缺陷都可以通過設(shè)計(jì)的改善以及地點(diǎn)安排來彌補(bǔ)。某些區(qū)域的大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電場很可能會(huì)影響候鳥的飛行方式，他們殺害了大型猛禽尤其是老鷹，獵鷹和鷹)，這些猛禽喜歡沿那些風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)所處的理想嵴線捕食。針對(duì)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)對(duì)猛禽造成傷害的這一事實(shí)，主張保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的環(huán)保主義者和主張發(fā)展再生能源的環(huán)保主義者各持己見。研究人員還在對(duì)這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重程度進(jìn)行評(píng)估，他們希望能想辦法來消除或著大幅弱化這個(gè)問題。有的分析家評(píng)論認(rèn)為，由風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)導(dǎo)致的鳥類的死亡數(shù)目和由其他人為原因造成的死亡數(shù)目以及整個(gè)鳥類可能因全球變暖中而死亡數(shù)目相比是相形見絀的。據(jù)記載，美國風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠傷害的猛禽和其他禽鳥的死亡數(shù)量每年不超過300只。相比之下，在美國估計(jì)每年有9700萬禽鳥由于碰撞到建筑物的厚玻璃板而死亡，5700禽鳥死在高速公路上，至少有380萬禽鳥死于污染和中毒，每年數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的禽鳥在燃煤電廠和核電廠的輸電和配電線纜上觸電致死。某些區(qū)域的大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電場很可能會(huì)影響候鳥的飛行方式，他們殺害了大型猛禽尤其是老鷹，獵鷹和鷹)，這些猛禽喜歡沿那些風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)所處的理想嵴線捕食。針對(duì)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)對(duì)猛禽造成傷害的這一事實(shí)，主張保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的環(huán)保主義者和主張發(fā)展再生能源的環(huán)保主義者各持己見。研究人員還在對(duì)這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重程度進(jìn)行評(píng)估，他們希望能想辦法來消除或著大幅弱化這個(gè)問題。有的分析家評(píng)論認(rèn)為，由風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)導(dǎo)致的鳥類的死亡數(shù)目和由其他人為原因造成的死亡數(shù)目以及整個(gè)鳥類可能因全球變暖中而死亡數(shù)目相比是相形見絀的。據(jù)記載，美國風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠傷害的猛禽和其他禽鳥的死亡數(shù)量每年不超過300只。相比之下，在美國估計(jì)每年有9700萬禽鳥由于碰撞到建筑物的厚玻璃板而死亡，5700禽鳥死在高速公路上，至少有380萬禽鳥死于污染和中毒，每年數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的禽鳥在燃煤電廠和核電廠的輸電和配電線纜上觸電致死。全球范圍內(nèi)風(fēng)力發(fā)電的最主要的擴(kuò)張?jiān)从诩夹g(shù)到位。在合適的地點(diǎn)，風(fēng)力發(fā)電幾乎用之不盡取之不竭，即使排除這些極端區(qū)域，全球潛在的風(fēng)力發(fā)電量遠(yuǎn)高于目前的世界耗電總量。理論上來說，阿根廷、加拿大、智利、中國、俄羅斯和英國可以利用風(fēng)力來滿足他們所有的能源需求。風(fēng)力發(fā)電專家估計(jì)，在二十一世紀(jì)中葉，全球超過的電力，及美國10-25%的電力需求都可通過風(fēng)力發(fā)電來滿足。新托福考試經(jīng)典閱讀練習(xí)做題時(shí)可千萬別一邊做題一邊看譯文，這樣會(huì)起不到練習(xí)的效果。托福閱讀材料：Whatmakesushappy?托福閱讀的關(guān)鍵是在于多看多練，為了幫助廣大考生更好的復(fù)習(xí)，小編為大家整理提供托福閱讀材料:Whatmakesus以供各位考生復(fù)習(xí)參考，生活中有很多事情需要大家細(xì)心觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀文章不僅可以鍛煉能力還能了解各方面的知識(shí)。在托福閱讀練習(xí)中大家要多找些托福文章練習(xí)，小編也會(huì)經(jīng)常找些文章讓大家參考的，下面開始今天的托福閱讀吧。究竟怎樣生活才能讓我們自身感到幸福和快樂?下面的新托?？荚囬喿x練習(xí)資料或許能給我們一些啟示。Thepursuitoflastinghappinesshaslongbeenasubjectofinterestforscientistsandsurveysalike.Butwhatmakesusreallyhappyandwhatlastingbenefitsdoeshappinesshave?Well,earlierthismonth,scientistsfromtheUniversityofIllinoisfoundthepeoplewhoarehappyandpositiveaboutlifelivelonger.Theresearchersfound"clearandcompellingevidence"thathappinessiskeywhenitcomestobetterhealthandlongerlifespans.LastmonthaBritishstudy,whichtrackedmembersof40,000householdsacrossthecountry,concludedthateatingafamilymealatleastthreetimesaweekisthekeytohappinessbecauseithelpsbuildastrongbondbetweenparentsandtheirchildren.Buthappinessmightbedecidedwhenyouareborn.Namescanapparentlypredicthowhappyweareasindividuals,withresearchersatManchesterMetropolitanUniversityclaimingin2009thatpeoplecalledJudyandJoshuaenjoylifethemost.Ben,AndrewandEdwardwereseenasmiserablenamesontheotherhand.Marriedcouplesaremostlikelytobehappywiththeirrelationships,accordingtothestudy,whichalsofoundthatthehappiestrelationshipsarethoselessthanfiveyearsoldbetweentwouniversitygraduateswhohavenochildren.Researchhasalsosuggestedthathappinessbeginsat50.AstudyfromStonyBrookUniversity,NewYork,foundthatstress,angerandworryfadeafteryour50th.Womenwerealsoreportedtosuffergreaterstress,worryandsadnessatallages.Moneymakestheworldgoround,butitisnotthekeytohappiness,accordingtootherstudies.In2008,asurveyfromtheOfficeforNationalStatisticsfoundthatBritishfamilieswerehealthierandtwiceaswelloffastheywere20yearsago,butarenohappier.However,otherstudieshavefoundmoneycanbuyyouhappinessafterall,butonlyifyouspenditwisely.Indeed,thatmightbewhyagoodholidaycanboostyourhappinesslevels"foruptotwomonths"after-althoughthebreakhastobe"veryrelaxing"tohavesuchaneffect.以上就是今天的托福閱讀材料，每天做幾篇閱讀，堅(jiān)持下來，一定會(huì)有不小的進(jìn)步，閱讀的同時(shí)不要忘記，積累陌生詞匯與優(yōu)秀的句子，以便考試的時(shí)候能派上用場，英語不是一朝一夕的事，所以大家一定要勤加練習(xí)。托福閱讀材料：獨(dú)生子女更幸福托福閱讀的關(guān)鍵是在于多看多練，為了幫助廣大考生更好的復(fù)習(xí)，小編為大家整理提供托福閱讀材料:獨(dú)生子女更幸福。以供各位考生復(fù)習(xí)參考，生活中有很多事情需要大家細(xì)心觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀文章不僅可以鍛煉能力還能了解各方面的知識(shí)。在托福閱讀練習(xí)中大家要多找些托福文章練習(xí)，小編也會(huì)經(jīng)常找些文章讓大家參考的，下面開始今天的托福閱讀吧。托福閱讀的關(guān)鍵是在于多看多練，為了幫助廣大考生更好的復(fù)習(xí)，小編為大家整理提供托福閱讀材料:童年幸福長大更容易離婚?.以供各位考生復(fù)習(xí)參考，生活中有很多事情需要大家細(xì)心觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀文章不僅可以鍛煉能力還能了解各方面的知識(shí)。在托福閱讀練習(xí)中大家要多找些托福文章練習(xí)，小編也會(huì)經(jīng)常找些文章讓大家參考的，下面開始今天的托福閱讀吧。很多孩子都擁有幸福的童年生活，但是這也加大了他們成年后離婚的幾率。這是為什么呢下面的新托?？荚囬喿x練習(xí)資料能給大家一點(diǎn)提示。常規(guī)想來，都會(huì)覺得童年幸福的人性格更加的活躍開朗，未來的人生道路也能順利坦然，然而一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)雷倒眾人：童年幸福長大更容易離婚。Thosewhoenjoyedanidyllicchildhoodcouldfindthatlifehasanastytrickinstorebecause,itseems,theyaremorelikelytodivorce.那些享受過幸福童年的人們或許在將來會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒時(shí)的快樂在不經(jīng)意間卻埋下了日后導(dǎo)致婚姻破裂的禍根。Researchersfoundthatmenandwomenwithastableupbringingcouldhavemoreconfidenceandsobemorereadytoleaveafailingrelationship.研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些成長過程一帆風(fēng)順的人群們對(duì)于個(gè)人也有更多的自信，對(duì)于一段發(fā)展不順的感情關(guān)系也傾向于抽身離開。Forthelong-termprojectatCambridgeUniversity,thousandsofBritonsborninoneweekin1946werestudied.有一項(xiàng)英國劍橋大學(xué)的長期調(diào)查，研究了在1946年同一周所出生的英國人。Whentheywereintheirteens,teachersratedthemforhappiness,friendlinessandenergy.Problemssuchasrestlessness,disobedienceandanxietywerenoted.他們?cè)谏倌陼r(shí)期被認(rèn)為是幸福、有愛并充滿活力的孩子，不過也會(huì)出現(xiàn)按燥不安、忤逆不順與焦躁心煩等情況。Decadeslater,informationabouttheirliveswasalsocollectedandanalysed.ProfessorFeliciaHuppert,directorofthe’sWell-beingInstitute,commentedonthefindingsonmarriagebreak-up.數(shù)十載后，研究者們?cè)俣葘?duì)這批人的生活信息進(jìn)行了收集與分析。該項(xiàng)目的主要負(fù)責(zé)人指出了造成該批人群婚姻破裂的緣由?！甇nefactormightbethatpositivechildrenhavehigherself-esteemthantheirpeersandaremorewillingtoleaveamarriageifitisnotmeetingtheir’shesaid.“其中的一個(gè)因素是這些積極的孩子通常都有更高的自尊，以至于當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)婚禮以無法滿足他們的需求時(shí)便更加遠(yuǎn)離結(jié)束這段關(guān)系?！監(jiān)therfindingsweremorepredictable.以上就是今天的托福閱讀材料，每天做幾篇閱讀，堅(jiān)持下來，一定會(huì)有不小的進(jìn)步，閱讀的同時(shí)不要忘記，積累陌生詞匯與優(yōu)秀的句子，以便考試的時(shí)候能派上用場，英語不是一朝一夕的事，所以大家一定要勤加練習(xí)。托福閱讀材料：性格決定外表托福閱讀的關(guān)鍵是在于多看多練，為了幫助廣大考生更好的復(fù)習(xí)，小編為大家整理提供托福閱讀材料:性格決定外表。以供各位考生復(fù)習(xí)參考，生活中有很多事情需要大家細(xì)心觀察和發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀文章不僅可以鍛煉能力還能了解各方面的知識(shí)。在托福閱讀練習(xí)中大家要多找些托福文章練習(xí)，小編也會(huì)經(jīng)常找些文章讓大家參考的，下面開始今天的托福閱讀吧。光鮮亮麗的外表并非人人都能擁有，但“相由心生”，性格好的人往往能看起來更有魅力，為什么呢來看看今天的閱讀材料。Ifyouexhibitpositivetraitssuchashonestyandhelpfulness,thechancesarethatyouwillbeperceivedasagoodlookingperson,foranewstudyhasfoundthattheperceptionofphysicalattractivenessisinfluencedbyaperson'spersonality.Thestudy,ledbyGaryW.Lewandowski,Jr,foundthatpeoplewhoexhibitnegativetraits,suchasunfairnessandrudeness,appeartobelessphysicallyattractivetoobservers.Inthestudy,theparticipantsviewedphotographsofopposite-sexindividualsandratedthemforattractivenessbeforeandafterbeingprovidedwithinformationonpersonalitytraits.Afterpersonalityinformationwasreceived,participantsalsoratedthedesirabilityofeachindividualasafriendandasadatingpartner.Informationonpersonalitywasfoundtosignificantlyalterperceiveddesirability,showingthatcognitiveprocessesmodifyjudgmentsofattractiveness."Perceivingapersonashavingadesirablepersonalitymakesthepersonmoresuitableingeneralasacloserelationshippartnerofanykind,"saidLewandowski.Thefindingsshowthatapositivepersonalityleadstogreaterdesirabilityasafriend,whichleadstogreaterdesirabilityasaromanticpartnerand,ultimately,tobeingviewedasmorephysicallyattractive.Thefindingsremainedconsistentregardlessofhow"attractive"theindividualwasinitiallyperceivedtobe,oroftheparticipants'currentrelationshipstatusorcommitmentlevelwithapartner.Whatwouldyouthinkofthislady'sphysicalattractivenessifsheexhibitedbadpersonaltraits?"Thisresearchprovidesamorepositivealternativebyremindingpeoplethatpersonalitygoesalongwaytowarddeterminingyourattractiveness;itcanevenchangepeople'simpressionsofhowgoodlookingyouare,"saidLewandowski.如果你表現(xiàn)出誠實(shí)和樂于助人等美好品質(zhì)，那么別人會(huì)覺得你的外表也很迷人。一項(xiàng)最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)人的性格會(huì)影響別人對(duì)他或她的外表吸引力的看法。該項(xiàng)由蓋里W勒萬多維斯基負(fù)責(zé)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們認(rèn)為，表現(xiàn)出不誠實(shí)和粗魯?shù)葠毫悠焚|(zhì)的人外表也不夠吸引人。研究對(duì)象首先觀看了一組異性的照片，隨后分別在得知照片中人物的性格特點(diǎn)之前和之后給他們的外表評(píng)分。研究對(duì)象在得知照片中人物的性格特點(diǎn)后，還對(duì)與其中每個(gè)人交朋友或做戀人的期望值進(jìn)行了評(píng)分。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有關(guān)人物性格特點(diǎn)的信息大大改變了之前的喜好度評(píng)分，研究對(duì)象的認(rèn)知過程改變了他們對(duì)照片中人物外表的評(píng)價(jià)。勒萬多維斯基說：“總的來說，如果人們認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的性格較好，那么他們會(huì)覺得無論與這個(gè)人做朋友還是做戀人都更合適?！毖芯拷Y(jié)果表明，人們更期望與性格較好的人交朋友、成為戀人，從而會(huì)認(rèn)為他們的外表更迷人。無論照片中人物給人的“第一印象”怎樣、或者研究對(duì)象目前的情感關(guān)系狀況以及與伴侶的親密程度如何，研究結(jié)果都是一致的。勒萬多維斯基說：“該研究提出了一個(gè)更為積極的觀點(diǎn)，它提醒人們，性格在很大程度上能決定你的吸引力;性格甚至能夠改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)于你外表的印象?！币陨暇褪墙裉斓耐懈ｉ喿x材料，每天做幾篇閱讀，堅(jiān)持下來，一定會(huì)有不小的進(jìn)步，閱讀的同時(shí)不要忘記，積累陌生詞匯與優(yōu)秀的句子，以便考試的時(shí)候能派上用場，英語不是一朝一夕的事，所以大家一定要勤加練習(xí)。新托福閱讀另有深意考生在備考托?？荚嚨臅r(shí)候，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有些托?？荚囍械挠镁溥h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了自己的能力范圍。對(duì)于這些句子，我們需要從語法的角度去完全把握。但是如果是在考試中遇到不能理解的句子時(shí)，考生就偏向于一遍一遍地去讀句子，新托福閱讀到底在考察什么我們來看看托福閱讀到底有什么深意。本來另有深意，并不是托福閱讀的特性，如果非要說到另有深意，其實(shí)這應(yīng)該是老托福聽力的特點(diǎn)，既然說到這里，大家先看一眼老托福聽力來找一下感覺。原文：M:Doyouknowwhattimethetraingoesthecity?W:Normallysevery20minutes.But’sweekend,so’mnotsure.選項(xiàng)：(A)Listentothetrafficreportontheradio(B)Takealatertrain.(C)Rontocatchthenexttrain.(D)Checktheweekendschedule.很顯然這里的正確答案為，因?yàn)樵瓎栴}到了周末時(shí)間表與周1-5不同，因此，最好的選擇方案是看一下周末的時(shí)間表，去找一下準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。很顯然這里并沒有直接的告訴我們要去查詢時(shí)間表，而是告訴我們周末的時(shí)間不確定，因此我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了她實(shí)際上是在暗示我們要Checktheweekend。這就是典型的另有深意。新托福閱讀也繼承了老托福聽力的光榮傳統(tǒng):P，也開始為我們大張旗鼓的玩起了另有深意這樣的事情。這一點(diǎn)尤其在新托福TPO里面體現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。當(dāng)然還是拿真實(shí)例子說話，首先看一下新托福真題TPO1里面的一段。Groundwateristhewordusedtodescribewaterthatsaturatestheground,fillingalltheavailablespaces.Byfarthemostabundanttypeofgroundwaterismeteoric