人教版八年級上冊Unit4單元知識點總結

Unit3-4知識點總結及檢測【教學目標】.熟練單詞和短語用法.掌握形容詞比較級最高級用法.掌握相關重點詞匯【知識梳理】一.知識點講解與練習形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級.意義英語中大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）、副詞是可以分等級的，一般有三個等級：原級，比較級和最高級。形容詞、副詞的本來形式就是形容詞的原級。如：Johnisatallboy.兩者間進行比較用到形容詞比較級。如：JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上進行比較用形容詞的最高級。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：（形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the）如：10ng longer longest原級 比較級 最高級Theblackpenisverylong,黑色的鋼筆很長。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.藍色的鋼筆比黑色的長。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree,紅色的鋼筆是三支中最長的。.列表如下：構成法原級比較級最高級一般單日節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-le結尾nice（好的）nicernicest

的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r，-stlarge（大的）largerlargest以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙與結尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbig（大的）hot（熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母+y”結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i,再加-er,-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-estclever（聰明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more,most來構成比較級和最高級important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不規(guī)則變化：6）有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。列表如下：原級比較級最高級good好的better更好的best最好的well好；（身體）好的，bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；（身體）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身體）最不舒服的ill（身體）不舒服的many許多的（可數(shù)）more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的（不可數(shù)）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠的；遠地farther更遠的；更遠地farthest最遠的；最遠地further進一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）01d老的older年齡較大的；較舊的oldest年齡最大的；最舊的elder僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長幼eldest僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長幼形容詞最高級的用法.形容詞的最高級用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較，其中有一個在某一方面超過其他幾個。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.對我們來說，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四個女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。.使用形容詞最高級時，句中往往會出現(xiàn)由in或of構成的介詞短語，用以說明范圍。in表示在某一范圍內(nèi)，of表示屬性，意為“某一類中的"。of表示比較的對象屬于同一范疇;in則表示不屬于同一范疇。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.約翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.瑪麗是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容詞最高級的句型結構形容詞最高級的句型結構是“主語+動詞+形容詞最高級+of（in）+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中國最大的城市。形容詞最高級的常見考點.形容詞的最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the,而副詞的最高級前面定冠詞the可以省略。但若形容詞最高級前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格限制時,則不能再加定冠詞the。如：Thetallestboyjumps（the）highestinhisclass.最高的那個男孩在他班上跳得最高。（tall為形容詞，最高級前要加the；high在此為副詞，最高級前可不加the）Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的兒子。（句中的oldest前有形容詞性物主代詞限制，不能再加the）.常見的用來表示范圍的介詞有in,of,amongo（1）in表示環(huán)境范圍，通常用于在一定范圍內(nèi)的比較，后面常常接表示區(qū)域、時間、單位、團體等的名詞或代詞，并且后面的名詞和主語不是同一概念的范疇。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.倫敦是英國最大的城市。(2)of用來表示對象范圍，一般用于同類事物之間的比較，且of后面的名詞與主語是同一概念的范疇。如：He’sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有學生中，他是最聰明的。(3)among用于在多數(shù)同類事物中(通常為三者以上)進行比較，表示其中之最，后面一般接名詞或代詞。同of一樣，也表示對象范圍，因此among與of有時可互換使用。.“oneof+the+最高級+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”結構表示“在……中最……之一”，是中考常見考點。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之o.比較級與最高級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)改寫為：比較級+thananyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclssTWeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏華是他班上最健美的男孩。(2)改寫為：比較級+than+theother+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或比較級+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.TRobertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.羅伯特在學校是最好的學生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.TThiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo,這臺電腦是三臺中最貴的。.最高級前有時可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第……個最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國第二長河。二、重要詞匯No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle,mucha10tabit,far,any,no等可以+比較級worksashardasTina.塔拉學習跟蒂娜一樣努力?！?..(not)as+形容詞或副詞原級+as...”是一種原級比較，意思為“ 和 (不)一樣”。...notas+形容詞或副詞原級+as...表示雙方在某個方面不同。如：HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英語不如她的好。他沒有他哥哥工作努力。Hedoesntworkashardashisbrother.他沒有他哥哥工作努力。as+形容詞或副詞原級+as表示雙方在某個方面一樣。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一樣高。Irunasfastashedoes,我跑得跟他一樣快。辨析beat/win相同點：都是動詞，表示“贏”不同：beat+人/win+比賽，競賽，戰(zhàn)爭等名詞。如：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我們發(fā)揮得很好，擊敗了他們。Theywonthematchthistime. 這次他們贏了這場比賽。about意為“關心；在意”，期中care是動詞如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople.我們應該關心老年人。carefor表示“喜歡”，“關心”之意，后接名詞或v-ing形式作賓語，takecareof也有這個意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他對滑冰沒有興趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我們班上，我們相互關心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.瑪麗亞很關心大家?！居亚殒溄印縞arefor還可以表示"照顧"，"照料"，相當于takecareof或lookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，給牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmust100kafteryourselves.你們要照顧好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子們在托兒所受到很好的照顧。thinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我認為好朋友能使我開心。—L牢記：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+賓語+形容詞使某人/某事怎樣如:Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我們老師讓我們一天學習10個小時。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的話使我們感到很高興。atsb.笑話；取笑（某人）如：口。/七laughatme!不要取笑我！They’rebothtall.他們兩個都是高個子。bothadj./pron./adv.兩個都 用在be動詞后，行為動詞前。 Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.工Bothof…..+名詞復數(shù)（復數(shù)謂語）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.兩朵花都很漂亮。both…and…兩者都……（復數(shù)謂語） 反義詞組：neither…nor…兩者都不……（謂語單復數(shù)按照就近原則）【友情鏈接】both與allboth指代兩者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我們都在這兒。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon... （P29）所有的這些節(jié)目都有一個共同特征這對夫婦好像沒有什么共同點。allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.（P29）各種各樣的人都參加這些節(jié)目?！居梅ā縜llkindsof意為“各種各樣的；各種類型的“，kind在此用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“類別；種類”。常用短語有：akindof一種；differentkindsof不同種類的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳圖書館里有各種各樣的書。【拓展】(1)kind還可用作形容詞，意為“和藹的；親切的；善良的”。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我真是太好了。(2)kindof意為“有幾分；有點兒”，常修飾形容詞。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在這個房間里我們感覺有點冷。upto的用法【教材例句】That,suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己來決定。【用法】beupto意為“是……的職責；由……決定”，是一個習慣用語。beuptosb.todosth.意為“應由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主語的句子中，有時也用this或that作主語。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It,suptoyoutofillit.生命只給你時間與空間。如何填滿它是你自己的事情。arole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshowtheyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人們看這樣的節(jié)目時，通常承擔著評判優(yōu)勝者的角色?！居梅ā縫layarole是一種固定表達，意為“發(fā)揮作用；有影響”。若要進一步引出具體的內(nèi)容，后面應用介詞in表示，意為“在某事或某個方面起到作用或承擔某種角色”，同義短語為playapartin0Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那兒，你會發(fā)揮作用的。up的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人認為表演者的身世是編造出來的。后提腌(故,,猿恐：(化妝；打扮卜旦粵空組成；形成；構成)Eg.1)It,snottrue.Shemadeitup.

這不是真的。是她編造出來的。ofsixwomen.Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委員會由六位婦女組成。Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧彌補了他的容貌缺陷。ofanoldwoman.Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妝扮演成一個老婦人?！就卣埂颗cup相關的短語CUEUp切褲才rdressupCUEUp切褲才rdressup喬裝打扮'wakeup葡豪卜Hgetup起床？站起來]Tidyup收拾；整理|set叩建立stay叩熬夜；不睡覺叩相的短語|set叩建立stay叩熬夜；不睡覺叩相的短語hurryup快點-、beupto是+，,…的職賁[putup搭建；舉起[putup搭建；舉起Lqturnup調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)[pkkup撿起；接[pkkup撿起；接pjgrowup長大；成熟；成長]...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseSiowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把這些節(jié)目太當回事，它們還是有看頭的。...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseSiowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把這些節(jié)目太當回事，它們還是有看頭的。【用法】take...seriously意為“認真對待Eg.Weshouldn,ttakemoneytooseriously.我們不應該把金錢看得太重?！就卣埂颗ctake相關的短語takecareof照顧；照料7(EkediaFtakecareof照顧；照料7(EkediaF寫F;i己F、takesul取出；帶 出占卜t心一4舊”比緊張卜takepictumsfphctDN照相『相關的短語takesth.ELway=takcaway片⑶口31H.誠去：拿走lakeaftersh.（外貌或行為）相像（父或母）lakeoff起E；匆匆離去；急忙離開【特色講解】一、單項選擇()istalentedmusicbutIamgoodsports.,at,in,at,in()2.LiHua’sshoesareasasZhangHui’s.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere—Yes.Itistowalkslowlyalongtheriver.A.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible(),sveryimportantforhimmelaugh.make()5.youdon,tgiveup(放棄)，yourdreamswillcometrue.A.AslongasB.AssoonasC.Aswellasoftenas()issimilarhermother.()don,treallycareifmyfriendsarethesamemeordifferentme.,as,from,from,as()youwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim443—5667.()ismyfriend.HeislessoutgoingthanIam.more()Beanenjoysjokesandoftenmakesus.tell,tolaugh,laugh ,laugh ,laughing()andhersisterquietandtheysports.both,bothlikeboth,likebothare,bothlikeare,likeboth()youwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegoodchildren.()13.heisveryyoung,hecandomanythings.

,but,/C./,though,but,/C./,though,though()canplaydrums,butSamcanplaytennis.,the,/C./,theD./,/()’sbooksarenewthan.【當堂練習】基礎演練一、根據(jù)句意及首字母或中文提示完成單詞Mydaughtershowsa慶賦)inmusic.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot(每個人)cananswerit.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe(創(chuàng)造性的).LiTaowonthefirstpinthehandwritingcompetition.Youshouldtaketheexamss.Don’tbecareless.—Whatdoyouthinkofourcity倒目前為止)？—Verygood.Icanseealmost (各種各樣的)thingshere.二、用所給單詞的適當形式填空These(magician)areallfromChina.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless(beautiful)thanLiXin.Whowasthelast(win),Jimmy,JackorLindaTomenjoys(listen)totheradioeverymorning.Mr.Suisthe(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe (hard-working).—Whoisthe(win)ofIamasingerin2013—Sorry,Idon,tknow.Mymothertoldmethething(serious),soIdidn,tknowwhattodo.一Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase一Heworkedso(care)thathedidn,thearwhatIsaid.Thenext(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly(talent).

鞏固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonly1tobuythetickettogobackhome.Asheknewthatitwould2himonlytwodaysto3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtaticketand5Asheknewthatitwould2himonlytwodaysto3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtaticketand5theship.Itwastimefeelandwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathetimefeelandwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathelunch.Hedidn’tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn’tcouldn'tstand(忍受)it9“I’mgoingtoeat,hesaid.Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(賬單，““I’mgoingtoeat,hesaid.Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(賬單，“hesaid.“Thebill,sir”saidthewaiter.Thereisn'tanybill.”Wastheanswer.Ontheshipmealsareincluded（包括）)1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD.enoughmoneys)2.A.spendB.carryC.bringD.take)3.A.gettoB.arriveC.reachD.get)4.A.withfoodB.withoutfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoods)5.A.gotingotongotoffgotat)6.A.toB.haveC.forD.fora)7.A.troublewellC.goodD.better)8.A.tooB.soC.suchD.)9.anylongerB.nolongeranylongernolong)10.A.intoB.onC.inD.onto（包括）)1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD.enoughmoneys)2.A.spendB.carryC.bringD.take)3.A.gettoB.arriveC.reachD.get)4.A.withfoodB.withoutfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoods)5.A.gotingotongotoffgotat)6.A.toB.haveC.forD.fora)7.A.troublewellC.goodD.better)8.A.tooB.soC.suchD.)9.anylongerB.nolongeranylongernolong)10.A.intoB.onC.inD.ontointhemoneyfortheticket.【當堂檢測】一、單項選擇。( )1.—Excuseme.Whereisthepostoffice

—Sorry,Idontknow.Imnewtown.A.in B.on C.at D.from( )2.It’sfuntalentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches( )3.CouldIaskyouquestionsyourserviceA.some;with B.any;aboutC.any;on D.some;about( )4.Ourcityisbecoming.moreandmostbeautifulmorebeautifulandmorebeautifulmoreandmorebeautifulbeautifulandbeautiful( )5.—thewoodenchair—Itstoohard.A.Whatdoyoulike B.HowdoyoulikeC.Whatabout D.Howabout( )6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso.A.healthier B.healthiestC.thehealthier D.thehealthiest( )7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuyclothesinayear.A.thecheapest B.cheaperC.theworst D.worsethanis( )8.Davidisstudentinourclass.Nobodyisthanishim.A.taller;tallest B.taller;tallC.tallest;taller D.thetallest;taller( )9.Peopleinthistownareall,butlittleAlice,sfamilyofall.busy;busythebusiest;busybusy;busythebusiest;busyD.busy;thebusiestC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiestintheworld.( )10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethirdintheworld.A.longriver B.longriversC.longestrivers D.longestriver二、根據(jù)漢語意思補全下列句子，每空一詞.這家電影院有最好的音響。Thismovietheaterhas ..影視城等待的時間最短。ScreenCityhasthe ..那是離你家最近的郵局嗎Isthatpostoffice yourhome.你可以在鑫鑫服裝店買到最便宜的衣服。Youcanbuyclothes inXinxinClothesStore..哪家電臺播放最無聊的歌曲Whichradiostation songs三、閱讀理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet(安靜的)andpayattention(注意)totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘記)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear.”( )haveofsummerholidays.sevenweeksmonthsweek weeks( )takesusaweekto.books pensandpencilstoschool readyforschool( )tell.friendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidays

friendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidaysfriendsabouttheteacher teacheraboutourfriends’holidays( )can,tlistentotheteacher.hard( )teachersaysthat.forgettoomuch learnmuchinayearlearnverymuchintwomonthswilllearnmoreinayearBMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(行李anhourago,butyouhaven,tputitinthetrain.Whyisn,tithere,andwhehaveyouputitTheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn,tfindyou.Yourluggageisn,tasfoolishasyouare.You,reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington.”( )Whitewasangrybecausehetfindhisluggagethetrainbeganmovingtfindhisluggagethetrainbeganmovingluggagewaslost,tliketheporter()Whitedidn'tknowtogowasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmovingwasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmoving( )thestory,waswrong.porter train White( )por