【5年高考3年模擬】(新課標(biāo)版)高考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編-專題十一-主旨大意

專題十一主旨大意Passage1(2014課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ,A)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù):269ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndiaDuringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinastrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganisedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusbandsnameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.1.WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshopping. B.Findahouse.C.Joinhisfamily. D.Takeavacation.2.ThegirlsparentsgotRashidsphonenumberfrom.

A.afriendofhisfamily B.aSydneypolicemanC.aletterinhispapers D.astrangerinSydney3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Showed. B.Sentout. C.Delivered. D.Gaveback.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia. B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure. D.InSearchofNewFriends.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材是人物故事類。從印度來(lái)到悉尼的第一個(gè)星期,作者的丈夫Rashid的手提箱被盜,里面裝有重要文件,包括護(hù)照,在這個(gè)舉目無(wú)親的陌生城市里,他會(huì)得到幫助嗎?1.B2.C3.D4.CPassage2(2014遼寧,C)體裁:說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):264Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”.

Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神經(jīng)元)inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidnttakeanynoticeofit,”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.1.Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees.

A.competeforsurvivalB.protecttheirownwealthC.dependoneachotherD.providesupportfordyingtrees2.“Mothertrees”areextremelyimportantbecausethey.

A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforestB.passonnutritiontoyoungtreesC.seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumansD.knowmoreaboutthecomplex“treesocieties”3.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto.

A.how“treesocieties”workB.howtreesgrowoldC.howforestryindustrydevelopsD.howyoungtreessurvive4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OldTreesCommunicateLikeHumansB.YoungTreesAreInNeedOfProtectionC.TreesAreMoreAwesomeThanYouThinkD.TreesContributeToOurSociety答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為說(shuō)明文,題材為科普知識(shí)類。本文介紹了森林里的樹木是如何互相依賴而生存的。1.C2.B3.A4.CPassage3(2014四川,C)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù):293Aschoolgirlsavedherfatherslifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(過(guò)敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColmsheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzysmother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmswerentstrongenough,soshestampedonherfatherschestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按壓)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said:“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasntstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“Shesalittlestar,”saidDebbie.“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcantbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwevegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.1.Izzykickedherfatherinthechest.

A.toexpressherhelplessness B.topractiseCPRonhimC.tokeephimawake D.torestarthisheart2.Whatstherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colmsheartstopped.A.③①②④ B.④②③① C.③④②① D.④③①②3.WhatdoesParagraph8mainlytalkabout?A.WhatColmsuffered.B.Colmspresentcondition.C.WhatcausedColmsallergy.D.SymptomsofColmsallergicreaction.4.Whydoestheauthorwritethenews?A.Todescribeaseriousaccident.B.ToprovetheimportanceofCPR.C.Toreporta9-year-oldgirlsbraveact.D.Tocallpeoplesattentiontoallergicreaction.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材是人物故事類。35歲的卡車司機(jī)Colm在家中因?yàn)檫^(guò)敏而心跳驟停,挽救他生命的不是隨后趕來(lái)的救護(hù)車,也不是他的妻子,而是他還在上小學(xué)的9歲的女兒。你知道這個(gè)小女孩是怎么挽救了自己爸爸的生命的嗎?是靠她那雙小腳丫。1.D2.C3.A4.CPassage4(2014重慶,A)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù):262Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(貼標(biāo)簽)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Iheardherscreaming,“Takeyourshoesaway!Whyundermybed!”Deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.Theroomwasfilledwithanger.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromherendoftheconversation,Icouldtellrightawayhergrandmawasseriouslyill.Whenshehungup,shequicklycrawled(爬)underhercovers,sobbing.Obviously,thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Allofasudden,awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.Slowly,Icollectedthepencils,tookbackthebooks,mademybed,cleanedthesocksandsweptthefloor,evenonherside.IgotsointomyworkthatIevendidntnoticeKatehadsatup.Shewaswatching,hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeofdisbelief.Then,shereachedoutherhandstograspmine.Ilookedupintohereyes.Shesmiledatme,“Thanks.”KateandIstayedroommatesfortherestoftheyear.Wedidntalwaysagree,butwelearnedthekeytolivingtogether:givingin,cleaningupandholdingon.1.WhatmadeKatesoangryoneevening?A.Shecouldntfindherbooks.B.Sheheardtheauthorshoutingloud.C.Shegotthenewsthathergrandmawasill.D.Shesawtheauthorsshoesbeneathherbed.2.Theauthortidieduptheroommostprobablybecause.

A.shewasscaredbyKatesangerB.shehatedherselfforbeingsomessyC.shewantedtoshowhercareD.shewasaskedbyKatetodoso3.HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?A.Byanalyzingcauses.B.Byshowingdifferences.C.Bydescribingaprocess.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthestory?A.MyFriendKateB.HardWorkPaysOffC.HowtoBeOrganizedD.LearningtoBeRoommates答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材為社會(huì)生活類?！拔摇焙汀拔摇钡氖矣袺ate的生活習(xí)慣截然相反:“我”邋里邋遢,而她干干凈凈,終于我們之間爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。不過(guò)我們還是找到了解決問(wèn)題的辦法:讓步、清理和堅(jiān)持。1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage5(2014重慶,E)體裁:議論文詞數(shù):266Itsgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruléelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.Itsundeniablethatbehaviorcomesfromourinnerdispositions(性情),butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweare,assuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBem,byobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.Ifweknewourownminds,whywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehavior?Ifourmindswereanopenbook,wewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actually,weoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.Moreover,wedontjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter—weinfercharactersthatwerenttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresaroundus,whichwefailtorecognize.Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidnt.Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.

Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmake,peoplebecomewhattheydo,thoughitmaynotbeincompliance(符合)withtheirtruedesires.Therefore,weshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegutsadvice:“Wearewhatwepretendtobe,sowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.”1.Accordingtothepassage,personalitiesandattitudesarecommonlybelievedto.

A.determineonesbehaviorB.reflectonestasteC.influenceonessurroundingsD.resultfromoneshabits2.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateoneshonesty.B.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassage?A.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.4.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為社會(huì)生活類。作者對(duì)人的行為和性格之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探討。最后用KurtVonnegut的一句話進(jìn)行了總結(jié):我們將自己偽裝成什么,我們就是什么。所以,當(dāng)我們偽裝時(shí),一定要謹(jǐn)慎呀!1.A2.A3.B4.CPassage6(2014山東,C)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù):255ElizabethFreemanwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.Attheageofsixmonthsshewasacquired,alongwithhersister,byJohnAshley,awealthyMassachusettsslaveholder.Shebecameknownas“Mumbet”or“MumBett”.Fornearly30yearsMumbetservedtheAshleyfamily.Oneday,AshleyswifetriedtostrikeMumbetssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furious,sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn,Mumbetconsultedalawyer,TheodoreSedgewick.Withhishelp,Mumbetsued(起訴)forherfreedom.WhileservingtheAshleys,MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettsconstitution.Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.Eventually,Mumbetwonherfreedom—thefirstslaveinMassachusettstodosounderthenewconstitution.Strangelyenough,afterthetrial,theAshleysaskedMumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee.ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.Mumbetdiedin1829,butherlegacylivedoninhermanydescendants(后裔).Oneofhergreat-grandchildrenwasW.E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersoftheNAACP,andanimportantwriterandspokespersonforAfricanAmericancivilrights.MumbetstombstonestillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshewasburied.Itreads,inpart:“Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutMumbetaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Shewasbornaslave.B.Shewasaslaveholder.C.Shehadafamoussister.D.Shewasbornintoarichfamily.2.WhydidMumbetrunawayfromtheAshleys?A.Shefoundanemployer.B.Shewantedtobealawyer.C.Shewashitandgotangry.D.Shehadtotakecareofhersister.3.WhatdidMumbetlearnfromdiscussionsaboutthenewconstitution?A.Sheshouldalwaysobeyherownersorders.B.Sheshouldbeasfreeandequalaswhites.C.Howtobeagoodservant.D.Howtoapplyforajob.4.WhatdidMumbetdoafterthetrial?A.Shechosetoworkforalawyer.B.ShefoundedtheNAACP.C.ShecontinuedtoservetheAshleys.D.Shewenttolivewithhergrandchildren.5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Astoryofafamouswriterandspokesperson.B.Thefriendshipbetweenalawyerandaslave.C.ThelifeofabraveAfricanAmericanwoman.D.Atrialthatshockedthewholeworld.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材為人物故事類。在美國(guó)奴隸制時(shí)代一個(gè)名叫Mumbet的女奴通過(guò)自己的努力和律師的幫助,成了馬薩諸塞州第一個(gè)獲得自由的奴隸。她的精神一直在影響著她的子孫后代。1.A2.C3.B4.A5.CPassage7(2014山東,D)體裁:說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):282Howfitareyourteeth?Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?Neverfear:Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright(Dontforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!)andmakesureyourebrushinglongenough.“Itskindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasis,”saysThomasServal,theFrenchinventor.Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphone,sodeveloperscould,forinstance,createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth.“Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun,”Servalsays.Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes”,butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.ThecompanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer,for$99to$199,dependingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.Servalsaysthatoneday,itllbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.1.WhichisoneofthefeaturesoftheKolibreetoothbrush?A.Itcansensehowusersbrushtheirteeth.B.Itcantrackusersschoolperformance.C.Itcandetectusersfearofseeingadentist.D.Itcanhelpusersfindtheirphones.2.WhatcanwelearnfromServalswordsinParagraph3?A.Youwillfinditenjoyabletoseeadentist.B.Youshouldseeyourdentistonaday-to-daybasis.C.YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyadentist.D.Youdlikeadentisttowatchyoubrushyourteetheveryday.3.WhichofthefollowingmightmaketheKolibreetoothbrushfun?A.Itcanbeusedtoupdatemobilephones.B.Itcanbeusedtoplaymobilephonegames.C.Itcansendmessagestootherusers.D.Itcantalktoitsdevelopers.4.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim.B.WhyServalthoughtbrushingteethwasnecessary.C.HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth.D.WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush.5.WhatcanweinferaboutServalschildren?A.Theywereunwillingtobrushtheirteeth.B.Theyoftenfailedtocleantheirtoothbrushes.C.Theypreferredtouseatoothbrushwithadryhead.D.TheylikedbrushingtheirteethafterServalcamehome.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefuturedevelopmentoftheKolibree?A.Thebrushhandlewillberemoved.B.Amobilephonewillbebuiltintoit.C.Itwillbeusedtofillholesinteeth.D.Itwillbeabletocheckusersteeth.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,題材為科普知識(shí)類。一位發(fā)明者發(fā)明了一種電子牙刷,它不僅可以幫人們正確刷牙,而且還可以通過(guò)藍(lán)牙和手機(jī)上的應(yīng)用程序連接起來(lái)。1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A6.DPassage8(2014福建,A)體裁:記敘文詞數(shù):335ItwasMothersDaymorninglastyearandIwasdoingshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfive-year-oldson,Tenyson.Aswewereleaving,wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.Walkingtowardsthescene,Tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple.Hesaidtome,“Mum,itsnotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone.”Atthefrontofthesupermarket,acharity(慈善)grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandflowerstoraisefunds.Tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower.“Itwillmakeherfeelbetter,”hesaid.Iwasamazedthathedcomeupwiththissweetidea.Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup.“Justtakeit,”shereplied.“Icanttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture.”Bynowparamedics(急救人員)hadarrived,andwereattendingtotheinjuredwoman.Aswewalkeduptoher,mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment.Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothewomanshusbandandtoldhim,“Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter.”Atthat,theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid,“Thankyousomuch,youhaveawonderfulson.HappyMothersDaytoyou.”Themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower,tellingherwhoitwasfrom.Thoughbadlyhurtandshaken,theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Onecanneverbetoocareful.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Lovebeginswithalittlesmile.D.Asmallactofkindnessbringsagreatjoy.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheelderlywomanwasknockeddownbyTenyson.B.Tenysonsideaofbuyingaflowergainedhismotherssupport.C.Tenysonscarefortheelderlywomanpuzzledtheflowerseller.D.TheelderlywomanwasmovedtotearsbyTenysonsgesture.3.Theunderlinedword“intimidated”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“”.

A.astonished B.struck C.frightened D.excited4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FlowerPower B.MothersDayC.AnAccidentalInjury D.AnEmbarrassingMoment答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為記敘文,題材為人物故事類。講述了一個(gè)母親節(jié)的早上,作者和五歲的兒子Tenyson到超市購(gòu)物時(shí),看見一位老太太跌倒并受傷流血,兒子主動(dòng)提出買花送給老太太,讓她感覺更好的故事。1.D2.B3.C4.APassage9(2014福建,D)體裁:議論文詞數(shù):326Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyoureunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudonthaveenoughtastes.Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹沒)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyofhamandeggswhenyourehungry.Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestandrefreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichpersonisnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary.MusiclikeMozartsandBachsshouldntbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyouvebroughtthatspirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playabit.Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.1.Theauthorintendstotellusthat.

A.truehappinessliesinachievingwealthbyfairmeansB.bighousesarepeoplesmostvaluedpossessionsC.bighousescaninasensebringrichnessoflifeD.truehappinesscomesfromspiritualriches2.Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat.

A.howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB.howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoorC.thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD.thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage3.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.

A.moremoneybringsmorehappinessB.artisneededtomakeyourhousebeautifulC.literaturecanenrichyourspirituallifeD.sportscontributemainlytoyourphysicalfitness4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HouseofLifeB.SecretofWealthC.RestandRefreshmentD.InterestandEnthusiasm答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材是社會(huì)生活類。作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)人要想快樂(lè)和幸福,要讓自己的心靈之“墅”富有。文章詮釋了“真正的幸福源于精神富有”的道理。1.D2.B3.C4.APassage10(2014浙江,C)體裁:議論文詞數(shù):426Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustrysoddloveaffairwith“l(fā)owtechnology”,aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanship(手藝)thatexistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual(虛擬的)—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwittersdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretation(闡釋)oflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting”.AtGooglesoffice,anentireflooriscarpetedingrass.FacebookssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingtrail.OlleLundberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectiontothemakerinourlives,andourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelmostimpoverished(貧乏的),becausetheyresurroundedbythedigitalworld,”hesays.“Theyrelookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentity,andwevefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.”Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-indu-strialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justaftertheIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”Morrissaid.Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestore(恢復(fù))ourmentalcapacities.InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“forest-bathe”,takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplan,aprofessorofenvironmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironments.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice—evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottages.1.Thewritermentionsthetwonineteenth-centurycottagestoshowthat.

A.TwitterishavingahardtimeB.oldcottagesareinneedofprotectionC.earlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinMontanaD.Internetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnology2.Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat.

A.isrelatedtonatureB.isoutofdatetodayC.consumestoomuchenergyD.existsinthevirtualworld3.ThemainideaofParagraph5isthathumanbeings.

A.havedestroyedmanypre-industrialartsB.haveatraditionofvaluingartsandcraftsC.canbecomeintelligentbylearninghistoryD.canregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines4.Thewritersattitudeto“l(fā)owtechnology”canbestbedescribedas.

A.positive B.defensive C.cautious D.doubtful5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PastGlories,FutureDreams.B.TheVirtualWorld,theRealChallenge.C.High-techCompanies,Low-techOffices.D.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材是科普知識(shí)類。文章由Twitter公司將19世紀(jì)的小木屋改造成工程師的辦公室引入,介紹了當(dāng)今一些高科技公司采用“低科技的”(實(shí)則親近自然的)技術(shù)和理念來(lái)打造辦公場(chǎng)所,指出這樣的辦公場(chǎng)所有助于減輕壓力和提高效率。1.D2.A3.B4.A5.CPassage11(2014天津,D)體裁:說(shuō)明文詞數(shù):352Peoplearentwalkinganymore—iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasntinanyhurry,either.Ihadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness:motorosis.ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune(免疫的),forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattime,weregarded25milesasagooddayswalkandtheabilitytocoversu