排查落實練三金屬及其化合物

排查落實練三 金屬及其化合物 [學(xué)生用書 P303(獨(dú)立成冊)]一、重要化學(xué)方程式的書寫 (是離子反應(yīng)的僅寫出離子方程式)1．(1)Na與H2O的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(2)Na在空氣中燃燒________________________________________________________________________；(3)Na2O2與H2O的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(4)Na2O2與CO2反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(5)向NaOH溶液中通入過量CO2________________________________________________________________________；(6)將Na2CO3溶液與石灰乳混合________________________________________________________________________；(7)向Na2CO3稀溶液中通入過量CO2________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________；(8)將NaHCO3溶液和NaOH溶液等物質(zhì)的量混合________________________________________________________________________；(9)將NaHCO3溶液與足量澄清石灰水混合________________________________________________________________________；(10)將NaHCO3溶液與少量澄清石灰水混合________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2Na＋2H2O===2Na＋＋2OH－＋H2↑△(2)2Na＋O2=====Na2O2(3)2Na2O2＋2H2O===4Na＋＋4OH－＋O2↑(4)2Na2O2＋2CO2===2Na2CO3＋O2－－(5)OH＋CO2===HCO3(6)CO32－＋Ca(OH)2===CaCO3＋2OH－(7)CO32－－＋CO2＋H2O===2HCO3(8)HCO3－＋OH－===CO32－＋H2O－2＋＋OH－(9)HCO3＋Ca===CaCO3↓＋H2O(10)2HCO－3＋Ca2＋＋2OH－===CaCO3↓＋CO23－＋2H2O2．(1)Al與NaOH溶液的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(2)Al(OH)3與NaOH溶液的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(3)Al(OH)3與鹽酸的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(4)Al2O3與NaOH溶液的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(5)Al2O3與鹽酸的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(6)NaAlO2與過量鹽酸的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(7)向NaAlO2溶液中通入過量 CO2氣體________________________________________________________________________；(8)將NaAlO2溶液與NaHCO3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________；(9)將NaAlO2溶液與AlCl3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________；(10)向AlCl3溶液中加入過量 NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________；(11)向AlCl3溶液中加入過量氨水________________________________________________________________________；(12)將AlCl3溶液與NaHCO3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2Al＋2OH－＋2H2O===2AlO－2＋3H2↑(2)Al(OH)3＋OH－===AlO－2＋2H2O(3)Al(OH)3＋3H＋===Al3＋＋3H2O(4)Al2O3＋2OH－===2AlO－2＋H2O(5)Al2O3＋6H＋===2Al3＋＋3H2O(6)AlO－2＋4H＋===Al3＋＋2H2O(7)AlO－2＋CO2＋2H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋HCO－3(8)AlO－2＋HCO－3＋H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋CO23－(9)3AlO－2＋Al3＋＋6H2O===4Al(OH)3↓(10)Al3＋＋4OH－===AlO－2＋2H2O(11)Al＋＋3NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋＋33NH4(12)Al3＋＋3HCO3－===Al(OH)3↓＋3CO2↑3．(1)Fe與過量稀 HNO3的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(2)Fe在高溫條件下與水蒸氣的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(3)Fe2O3與Al的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(4)FeCl3溶液與Cu的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(5)Fe(OH)3與HI的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(6)Fe(OH)2長時間露置于空氣中________________________________________________________________________；(7)FeO與HCl的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(8)FeO與稀HNO3的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)Fe＋4H＋－3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O＋NO3===Fe高溫(2)3Fe＋4H2O(g)=====Fe3O4＋4H2高溫(3)Fe2O3＋2Al=====2Fe＋Al2O3(4)2Fe3＋＋Cu===2Fe2＋＋Cu2＋(5)2Fe(OH)3＋6H＋＋2I－===2Fe2＋＋I(xiàn)2＋6H2O(6)4Fe(OH)2＋O2＋2H2O===4Fe(OH)3(7)FeO＋2H＋===Fe2＋＋H2O(8)3FeO＋10H＋＋NO－3===3Fe3＋＋NO↑＋5H2O4．(1)Cu在硫蒸氣中燃燒________________________________________________________________________；(2)銅在空氣中生成銅綠________________________________________________________________________；(3)惰性電極電解硫酸銅溶液________________________________________________________________________；(4)Cu與濃HNO3的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(5)Cu與稀HNO3的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________；(6)Cu與濃H2SO4的反應(yīng)________________________________________________________________________?！鞔鸢福?1)2Cu＋S=====Cu2S(2)2Cu＋O2＋CO2＋H2O===Cu2(OH)2CO3電解(3)2Cu2＋＋2H2O=====2Cu＋4H＋＋O2↑(4)Cu＋4H＋＋2NO3－===Cu2＋＋2NO2↑＋2H2O(5)3Cu＋8H＋＋2NO3－===3Cu2＋＋2NO↑＋4H2O△(6)Cu＋2H2SO4(濃)=====CuSO4＋SO2↑＋2H2O二、簡答類語言規(guī)范再落實1．向飽和Na2CO3溶液中通入CO2氣體，有什么現(xiàn)象？為什么？答案：有晶體析出。因為反應(yīng)生成的NaHCO3的溶解度小于Na2CO3的溶解度，且反應(yīng)過程中消耗水，反應(yīng)方程式為 Na2CO3＋CO2＋H2O===2NaHCO3↓，所以會有晶體析出。2．不用其他試劑，怎樣鑒別 Na2CO3溶液和稀鹽酸？答案：取少量的一種溶液于試管中， 滴加另外