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王勃《滕王閣序》豫章故郡,洪都新府;星分翼軫,地接衡廬;襟三江而帶五湖,控蠻荊而引甌越。物華天寶,龍光射牛斗之墟;人杰地靈,徐孺下陳蕃之榻。雄州霧列,俊采星馳。臺(tái)隍枕夷夏之交,賓主盡東南之美。都督閻公之雅望,棨戟遙臨;宇文新州之懿范,襜帷暫駐。十旬休假,勝友如云;千里逢迎,高朋滿(mǎn)座。騰蛟起鳳,孟學(xué)士之詞宗;紫電清霜,王將軍之武庫(kù)。家君作宰,路出名區(qū),童子何知,躬逢勝餞。時(shí)維九月,序?qū)偃?。潦水盡而寒潭清,煙光凝而暮山紫。儼驂酣于上路,訪(fǎng)風(fēng)景于崇阿。臨帝子之長(zhǎng)洲,得天人之舊館。層巒聳翠,上出重霄;飛閣流丹,下臨無(wú)地。鶴汀鳧渚,窮島嶼之縈回;桂殿蘭宮,即岡巒之體勢(shì)。披繡闥,俯雕甍,山原曠其盈視,川澤纖其駭矚。閭閻撲地,鐘鳴鼎食之家;舸艦迷津,青雀黃龍之舳。云銷(xiāo)雨霽,彩徹云衢。落霞與孤鷲齊飛,秋水共長(zhǎng)天一色。漁舟唱晚,響窮彭蠡之濱;雁陣驚寒,聲斷衡陽(yáng)之浦。遙襟甫暢,逸興遄飛。爽籟發(fā)而清風(fēng)生,纖歌凝而白云遏。睢園綠竹,氣凌彭澤之樽;鄴水朱華,光照臨川之筆。四美具,二難并;窮睇眄于中天,極娛游于暇日。天高地迥,覺(jué)宇宙之無(wú)窮;興盡悲來(lái),識(shí)盈虛之有數(shù)。望長(zhǎng)安于日下,目吳會(huì)于云間;地勢(shì)極而南溟深,天柱高而北辰遠(yuǎn)。關(guān)山難越,誰(shuí)悲失路之人?萍水相逢,盡是他鄉(xiāng)之客。懷帝閽而不見(jiàn),奉宣室以何年?嗟乎!時(shí)運(yùn)不齊,命途多舛;馮唐易老,李廣難封。屈賈誼于長(zhǎng)沙,非無(wú)圣主;竄梁鴻于海曲,豈乏明時(shí)?所賴(lài)君子安貧,達(dá)人知命。老當(dāng)益壯,寧移白首之心?窮且益堅(jiān),不墜青云之志。酌貪泉而覺(jué)爽,處涸轍以猶歡。北海雖賒,扶搖可接;東隅已逝,桑榆非晚。孟嘗高潔,空余報(bào)國(guó)之情;阮籍猖狂,豈效窮途之哭?勃三尺微命,一介書(shū)生。無(wú)路請(qǐng)纓,等終軍之弱冠;有懷投筆,慕宗愨之長(zhǎng)風(fēng)。舍簪笏于百齡,奉晨昏于萬(wàn)里;非謝家之寶樹(shù),接孟氏之芳鄰。他日趨庭,叨陪鯉對(duì);今茲捧袂,喜托龍門(mén)。楊意不逢,撫凌云而自惜;鐘期既遇,奏流水以何慚?嗚呼!勝地不常,盛筵難再;蘭亭已矣,梓澤丘墟。臨別贈(zèng)言,幸承恩于偉餞;登高作賦,是所望于群公。敢竭鄙懷,恭疏短引;一言均賦,四韻俱成。滕王高閣臨江渚,佩玉鳴鸞罷歌舞。畫(huà)棟朝飛南浦云,珠簾暮卷西山雨。閑云潭影日悠悠,物換星移幾度秋。閣中帝子今何在?檻外長(zhǎng)江空自流。ATributetoKingTeng’sTowerWangBoNanchang,whichwasthecapitalofYuzhangPrefectureduringtheHanDynasty,nowfallsunderthejurisdictionofHongzhou.ItstraddlestheborderoftheinfluenceoftheYeandZhenconstellations(1),andisadjacenttotheHengandtheLumountains(2).Thethreerivers(3)enfolditlikethefrontpartofagarment(4)andthefivelakesencircleitlikeagirdle(5).ItcontrolsthesavageJingarea(6)andconnectsOu(7)andYue(8),anditsproductsarenature’sjewels.TheradianceofitslegendaryswordshootsdirectlyupwardbetweentheconstellationsNiuandDou(9).Itstalentedpeopleareoutstanding,andthespiritofintelligencepervadestheplace.ThiswastheplacewhereXuRuspentthenightonhisvisittoChenFan(10).ThemightyHongzhouspreadsoutimmenselyamidthefog,andtheintellectualluminariesareasnumerousasmeteorschasingoneanother.Itbordersboththeunculturedandthecivilizedareas,anditshostandguestsareallprominentpeoplefromtheEastandtheSouth.Undertheescortofguardofhonorwithhalberdsintheirhands,GovernorYan,amanofhighrepute,comestoattendthiseventfromafar.PrefectYuwen(11),amodelofvirtue,stopshiscarriageonthewaytohisnewappointment.Onthisofficialholiday,whichfallsoneverytenthday,goodfriendsgathertogether,andagalaxyofdistinguishedguestsfromdistantplacesfillthehall.AlsopresentatthegatheringareMasterMeng,whoseliterarygraceisasimposingasadragonsoaringandaphoenixdancing,andGeneralWang,whohasweaponsassharpasthefamousswords“PurpleLightning”and“BlueFrost”inhisarmory.Ianignorantboy,havethegoodfortunetotakepartinthisgrandbanquetonmyjourneytovisitmyfather,whoisamagistrateofacounty.ItisSeptember,thethirdmonthofautumn.Thepuddlesonthegroundhavedriedup,andthewaterinthepondiscoolandtranslucent.Atdusktheraysofthesettingsun,condensedintheeveninghaze,turnthemountainspurple.Inthestatelycarriagesdrawnbythehorseswemakeourwayahead,visitingtheattractivescenicspotinthemountains.Soonwearriveattheriverbank,wheretheKingTeng’sTowerbeckons,thenweascendthetowerwherethefairyoncedwelled(12).Rangesuponrangesofgreenmountainriseashighasthesky.Theredglowinthewateristhereflectionoftherichlypaintedtowerthatseemshoveringintheair.Fromitsheightsnolandisvisible.Circlingaroundarethewildducksonthesand-bars.Cassia-woodcourtsandmagnolia-woodhallsriseandfalllikemountainranges.Pushingopenthedoorcarvedwithdecorativepatterns,Ilookdownuponendlesswavesofbrightlytintedrooftiles,eachelaboratelyengravedwithlovelyetchings.Apanoramaofmountainsandplainsstretchesbeneathme,andIammesmerizedbythemightysceneofthewindingriversandbiglakes.Inthecitytherearehouseseverywhere.Therearefamiliesofgreataffluence,whosemealsareservedwithmanycookingtripodsoffoodandtotheaccompanimentofmusic.Massiveshipsandfiercewarvesselsaredenselymooredattheports.Onthesternsofmanyshipsarecarveddesignsofbluebirdsandbrowndragons.Therainhasjustletupandtherainbowhasvanished.Thesunlightshootsthroughtherosyclouds,andtheautumnwaterismergedwiththeboundlessskyintoonehue.Thefishermencanbeheardsingingtheeveningsongs,theirvoicesdriftingasfarasthebanksofthePoyangLake.Eventhewildgeesefeelthechillofdusksettlinguponthem,andtheycryallthewaywhileflyingsouthward,disappearingaroundthesouthbendoftheHengMountain.Lookingafarandchanting,andthenlookingdownwardandsinging,Ifeelasuddenrushofecstasysoaringupinme.Themusicofthepanpipeislikeagentlecoolbreeze.Thesoftsinginglingerson;itissosoothingthateventhepassingwhitecloudsseemtocometoahalt.ThegatheringherecanbecomparedtothebanquetinthebamboogardenhostedbyPrinceofXiaooftheLiangState(13),andmanyaguestisagreaterdrinkerthanTaoYuanming(14).ItisalsolikethefeastatRiverYewhereCaoZhi(15)composedthepoeminpraiseofthelotusflower.PresentaremanytalentedscholarswhoareasgiftedasXielingyunofLinchuan(16).Itisnotaneasythingtohavefourexcellentthingsallatonce,thatis,goodweather,beautifulscenery,fullenjoymentandheartfelthappiness,anditisevenmoredifficulttohaveageneroushostandhonoredguests.Ilookintothevastexpanseoftheskyandamusemyselftomyhearfscontentonthisfestiveday.Theskyishighandthelandisboundless;Icannotbutfeeltheimmensityoftheuniverse.Sadnessfollowshappiness.Iamawarethatsuccessandfailurearepredestined.Ilookintothedistance,butChang’an,thecapitalofthecountry,isfarbeyondthesettingsuninthewest,andWuhui(17)isunapproachablesomewhereamidtheclouds.AtthefarthestendofthesoutharethedepthsoftheSouthSea,andfarawayinthenorthisthepillarthatupholdsthesky,butthePolestarisstillfarther.Sincethemountainsandpassesarehardtotravelover,whowouldsympathizewiththedisappointedones?ThepeopleImeethereareallpoliticallyfrustrated,driftingtogetherlikeduckweeds.IpinefortheEmperorbutamnotsummoned.HowlongshouldIwaitbeforeIamcalledtothecourtagainlikeJiaYi(18)?Alas!Iamillfated,andmylifeisfulloffrustrations.Fengtanggrewoldquickly(19)andLiGuanghaddifficultygettingpromoted(20).JiaYiwasunjustlyexiledtoChangsha.Wasitbecausetherewasnowiseemperoronthethrone?LiangHonghadtoseekrefugeattheseaside(21).Wasitbecausetherewasnogoodgovernmentinhistime?Fortunatelywhatsupportsoneisthebeliefthatamanofnoblecharacteralwayscontentedwithhislot.Oldasoneis,hegainsvigorwithageandbynomeanswaversinhisaspiration.Poorasoneis,heisallthemoredeterminedinadversityandbynomeansgivesuphisambition.OnekeepshisintegrityevenifhehasdrunkthewaterofthespringofAvariceandischeerfulevenisheisconfrontedwithmisfortune.ThoughtheNorthSeaisfaraway,onecanstillgettherewiththehelpofthestrongwind.Thoughthemorningisgone,itisnottoolatetomakeupthelossintheevening.MengChangwasnobleandhonest,buthisdevotiontothecountrywasfutile(23).RuanJiwasunrulyanduntrammeled,butheburstoutcryingwhenindirestraits(24).Howcanwelearnfromhim?IamaninsignificantscholarofalowofficialpositionandamofthesameageasZhongJun(25),butunlikehim,Ihavenoopportunitytoserveinthearmy.IwillfollowtheexampleofBanChao(26),whothrewasidethewritingbrushtoenlistinthearmedservicesandIadmireZongQue(27)whomadeuphismindtoseekamilitarycareerbybravingthewindandwaves.Iamdeterminednottoaccepttheofferofalifelonggovernmentpositionbywearingahairdressandholdingatabletbeforethechestascourtofficialsdo.Rather,Iwilltravelthousandsoflitogohometowaitonmyparents,payingrespecttothemmorningandevening.AsasonIamnotasgoodasXieXuan(28)butinmyearlyyearsIhadthefortunetohavemenofvirtueasmyneighbors.InafewdaysIwillbewithmyfatherandIwilltakecareofhimandreceiveinstructionsfromhimasdidKongLi(29).OnthisdayIhavethehonortobeinvitedbyGovernorYantothisgrandoccasion.IamasblissfulasifIhadleapedovertheDragon’sGate(30).SinceIdonothavesomeonelikeYangYitorecommendme(31),Icanonlysighwithgriefandcaressthispieceofwritingwhichexpressesmyloftyaspiration.NowthatIhavemetabosomfriendlikeZhongZiqi(32),whyshouldIbeashamedofpresentingthiswritingofmine?Ah!Abeautifulscenicspotisrarelyseen,andasumptuousbanquetlikethisoneisevenlesslikelytobeheldagain.ThegrandgatheringattheOrchidPavilion(33)isaneventinhistoryandthefamousJingguGarden(34)isnowinruins.IhavethegoodfortunetoattendthisfeastandIwouldliketoleavethisfarewellmessageatthetimeofparing.Icountonallthegentlemenheretoascendthetowerandcontributetheirwritings.Ihumblycomposethisshortpieceinallsincerity.Sinceeveryoneofusisrequiredtowriteapoem,thefollowingiswhatIwrite:TheloftyKingTeng’sTowerOverbokstheRiver.Thejadependants(35)tinkle,andthecarriagebellsjingle.Thebanquefsover,theguestsareleaving,andthesingingandthedancinghavestopped.Inthemorntherosycloudsfromthesouthernshoreflitacrossthepaintedpillars.Intheevetheraininthewesternmountainsaredrawninbytheredcurtains.Thelazycloudsarereflectedinthewaterandthedayspassinleisure.Thingschangeandstarsmove;howmanyyearshavepassedsincethebuildingoftheTower?Whereisitsbuilder,KingTeng?OnlytheRiveroutsidetherailingflowstotheeastallbyitself.Inoldtimestheskywasdividedinto28constellations,andeachconstellationhadinfluenceonacertainareaontheearth.NanchangwasundertheinfluenceoftheYeandtheZhenconstellations.TheHengMountainislocatedtothesouthwestofNanchangandtheLuMountaintoitsnorth.ThethreeriversaretheJing,theSong,andtheZherivers.Inoldtimestherewasapieceofclothintheupperpartofalonggown,withwhichpeopleusedtowrapthings.ThefivelakesaretheTai,thePoyang,theQingcao,theDanyang,andtheDongtinglakes.TheJingareawastheChuareapriortotheQinDynasty.Itwaslessdevelopedthantherestofthecountry.ItnowmainlyreferstoZhejiangProvince.ThenameofakingdomduringtheZhouDynasty(1046B.C.-256B.C.),mainlyreferringtotheeastofZhejiangProvince,JiangsuProvince,andpartofAnhuiProvince.ItwassaidthatduringtheJinDynasty,thereappearedapurplevaporbetweentheNiuandtheDouconstellations.LaterpeoplediscoveredapreciousswordinHongzhou.XuRuwasapoorscholarintheEasternHanDynasty.Despitepoverty,hedeclinedtobeagovernmentofficial.WhenChenFanwastheprefectofYuzhangCounty,hereceivednoguestsexceptXuRu,forwhomabedwasalwayspreparedinhishome.ItreferstoYuwenJun,whowasnewlyappointedasprefectofLizhou.ItreferstoKingTeng’sPower.PrinceofXiaooftheLiangStateoftheWesternHanDynastyoftenentertainedscholarsinthebamboogardenbytheSuiRiver.TaoYuanmingwastheauthorof“ATaleoftheFountainofthePeachBlossomSpring”.CaoCaoandhissonCaoZhioftenentertainedguestsbyRiverYe.CaoZhihadwrittenapoeminpraiseofthelotusflowers.XieLingyunwasanofficialinLinchuanPrefecture,JiangxiProvince.AnotherinterpretationisthatWangXizhiisreferredtohere,becausehewasalsoanofficialinLinchuan.Wuhuiistoday’sCityofSuzhouinJiangsuProvince.DuringthereignofEmperorWenoftheHanDynasty,JiaYiwasexiledtoChangshaandwascalledbacktothecourtfouryearslater.FengTangwasanofficialofalowrankintheHanDynasty.DuringthereignofEmperorWu,hewasrecommendedtoahigh-rankingofficial.Butitwastoolate,ashewasalreadyoverninetyandcouldnolongerservetheemperor.LiGuang,amilitarymanduringthereignofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.Hehadperformedmanymilitaryexploitsbuthadneverbeenfullyrewarded.LiangHongwasascholarduringtheEasternHanDynasty.Hewroteasatiricalsongtocriticizethenoblemenandoffendedtheemperor.HehadtoescapetotheQiandtheLuareas,whichwerenearthesea.ItwasbelievedthatontheoutskirtsofGuangzhoutherewastheSpringofAvarice.Peoplebecameavariciousafterdrinkingitswater.MengChangwasanuprightofficialduringtheEasternHanDynasty,buthenevergotahighposition.RuanJiwasascholarintheWeiandtheJindynasties.Hewasangrywiththerottenpoliticsofhistimeandoftenwentoutinhi

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