非謂語動(dòng)詞表格形式

PAGEPAGE4非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：to+動(dòng)詞原形（這里的to是不定式符號，本身無詞義）否定：not+(to+)動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面，其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語賓語—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?—Helikestoplaybasketball.只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般不做介詞的賓語賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to定語Haveyougotanythingtosay?不定式做定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面狀語I’msorrytotroubleyou.不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致1.todo作主語常用it作形式主語例：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→Itisuseful（forus）tolearnEnglishwell.注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of.2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的動(dòng)詞后只接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語：wouldlike,like（想要）,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。例：Wouldyouliketooseeafilmthisevening?3.在find,think后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。例：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.4.常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語Whynotdo……,whydon’tyoudo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldraterdo…,could/would/willyouplease(not)do…例：Iwouldratherstayintheroom.5.一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞用不定式作賓語，但to要省略。一感（fell）、二聽（hear,listento）、三讓（let/make/let）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）、五幫助（help）,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)是必須加上to.例：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.6.不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞原形+-ing動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式賓語動(dòng)詞賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作介詞賓語Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語可裝換成做主語定語Sheisinthereadingroom.只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。至置于所修飾詞之前常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞：完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）分詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞+-ing動(dòng)詞+-ed分詞的句法功能功能例句說明定語Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞；過去分詞作定語，其邏輯賓語就是它所修飾的詞。狀語Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語表語Thesituationisencouraging.Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)（也就是我們常說的人用-ed，物用-ing.）補(bǔ)足語Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即主動(dòng)關(guān)系）；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即被動(dòng)關(guān)系）易混清單動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別stoptodosth.停下來去做stopdoingsth.停止做remembertodosth.記住要做某事（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）A.nottobringB.notbringC.don’tbringD.bringnotAtleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ______byMaHuatengtochatonline.A.creatB.createsC.creatingD.createdTheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answeringC.toanswerD.answeredYou’dbetter______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A.don’tspendB.nottospendC.tonotspendD.notspendMoreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.A.servedB.toserveC.serveD.serves22.—IsJackinthelibrary?—Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.A.goingB.goC.togoD.went23—Dad,whyshouldIstop______computergames?Foryourhealth,myboy,I’mafraidyou_______.A.toplay;mustB.playing;havetoC.toplay;canD.playing;may24.—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?—Yes,it’swellworth______.It’s______movingthatI’veseenittwice.A.seeing;tooB.tosee;enoughC.seeing;soD.tosee;such25.Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish______itbyyourself?A.ask;writeB.toask;writingC.ask;writingD.asking;writing26.Ifpeople_____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere________.A.keep;toliveinB.willkeep;toliveinC.keep;toliveD.willkeep;tolive27.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim______hard.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.works28.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot_______himforhistelephonenumber.A.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask29.LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_______somebooksonhowtoprotectenvironment.A.toborrowB.borrowC.borrowedD.borrowing30.—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwatchthenationalflaggoup?—Itmakesme______veryproud.A.feltB.tofeelC.feelingD.feel31.Theboypromised_______lateforschoolagain.A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot32.It’sverynice______picturesforme.A.ofyoudodrawB.foryoutodrawC.foryoudrawingD.ofyoudrawing33.Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan______newairportsand______oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive–YearPlanperiod.(時(shí)期)A.repairing;buildingB.tobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepair;build34.Therearesomanykindsofpenshere.Ican’tdecide______.A.whentochooseB.tochoosewhichC.whichonetochoose35.—Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?—Iwouldrather______athomethan______football.it’stoohotoutside.A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.tostay;toplayD.tostay;playing36.IttookLiMinganhour_____hisbikeyesterdayA.torepairB.repairingC.repairedD.repair37.It’simportant_______thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplaying38.Myjobis_______youJapanese.A.toteachB.teachC.teachesD.taught39.Thedoctor_______a______boyyesterday.A.hadsaved;dyi