安徽省A10聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試題

A10聯(lián)盟2022級(jí)高二上學(xué)期11月期中考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A．Gotothelibrarytogether.B．Takeanexamseparately.C．Buybookstogether.2．Whichisthemostexpensive?A．Thebed.B．Thefridge.C．Thewashingmachine.3．Whatdoesthewomanmean?A．Shedoesn’treallywanttodance.B．Sherefusedtheman’sinvitation.C．Themanisnotskilledatdancing.4．Whywasthemanlate?A．Hiscarbrokedown.B．Therewasasuddenstorm.C．Hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.5．Whatdoesthewomanlookforwardto?A．Meetingheraunt.B．Finishingherwork.C．Travelingwiththeman.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatdoesthemanplain?A．Hisbagistooheavy.B．Hishomeistoofaraway.C．Thethingsaretooexpensive.7．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Shedoesn’tliketotravel.B．ShehasbeentoHongKongbeforeC．Sheboughtmanypresentsforherkids.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Wheredoesthewomanwork?A．Inaradiostation.B．Inahotel.C．Inabuildingpany.9．WhyisthewomanlookingforMr.Nash?A．Tobookahotel.B．Totalkabouthisconcern.C．Toinvitehimforaninterview.10．HowwillthewomangetintouchwithMr.Nash?A．Bywritinganemail.B．Bysendingatextmessage.C．Bymakingaphonecall.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatarethespeakers?A．Collegestudents.B．Schoolteachers.C．Schoollibrarians.12．Whatisitinthemiddleofthemap?A．Therestaurant.B．TheStudentUnion.C．TheMediaCenter.13．Whatcanstudentsborrowfromtheoldlibrary?A．Sportsmagazines.B．Entertainmentmagazines.C．Financialbooks.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14．Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A．Habits.B．Advice.C．Hobbies.15．WhatisAgathaChristieprobably?A．Afamouswriter.B．Amoviestar.C．Abookseller.16．WhatdoesBobsuggestdoing?A．Watchingmovies.B．Buyingsomebooks.C．Waitingattheoffice.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Reportingastudy.B．Attendingameeting.C．Teachingaclass.18．Whatshouldyoupaymostattentiontowhentakingnotes?A．Listening.B．Reading.C．Writing.19．Whatisanadvantageofusingsymbolsinnotetaking?A．Itkeepsinformationsecret.B．Itleavesspaceforfutureuse.C．Itmakeskeywordsnoticeable.20．Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A．Askafewquestions.B．Showsomeexamples.C．Makeasummary.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhetheryoulikehistoryorsimplylearningsomethingnew,thesefourmuseumsareworthpayingavisitto.TenementMuseumLocatedinNewYork,theTenementMuseumshowcasesthestoriesoftheimmigrantsandmigrants(移民)whocametoAmericabetweenthe1860sandthe1980s.Seehowtheypursuedthe“Americandream.”Theirdeterminationandendlessdesiretocarveoutabetterlifenotonlyreflectsthedepthsofthehumanspirit,butalsohowAmericacametobethecountryitistoday.NationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndianLocatedinWashington,D.C.,theNationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndiancontainsoneoftheworld’slargestcollectionsofnativeartifacts(手工藝品),photographsanddocuments.Featuringbothongoingandtemporaryexhibits,themuseumdocumentsmanywaysAmericanIndiansintegratedintoAmericanhistoryandculture.MississippiCivilRightsMuseumTheMississippiCivilRightsMuseuminJacksonfeatureseightgalleriesfilledwithinteractiveexhibitsthattellthestoriesofblackMississippiansandtheirfightforequalityfrom1945to1976.You’llhearthestoriesofMedgarEvers,FannieLouHamer,andVernonDahmer,andyou’llalsohearaboutmanymen,womenandchildrenwhofoughttoberecognizedasequals.Artifactsincludea“colored”entrancesign,thegunusedtoshootEvers,aburnedcross,andabuttonfromthe1966MarchAgainstFear.TheNationalWWIIMuseumInNewOrleans’No.1attraction,theNationalWWIIMuseum,visitorscanseewhyWorldWarIIwasfought,explorekeymomentssuchasDDayandthebombingofPearlHarbor,andputthemselvesintheshoesofthosewhohadtomakedifficultdecisionsduringthewar.Youevencantakea4Djourneythroughthewarin“BeyondAllBoundaries.”1.Whichmuseumbestsuitsvisitorsinterestedinongoingandtemporaryexhibits?A.TenementMuseum. B.NationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian.C.MississippiCivilRightsMuseum. D.TheNationalWWIIMuseum.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMedgarEversfromthetext?A.Heorganizedthe1966MarchAgainstFear.B.HejoinedthearmyandfoughtinWorldWarII.C.Helaiddownhisownlifeinthefightforequality.D.HeimmigratedtotheUStopursuehisAmericandream.3.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthistext?A.Toremendpeopletovisitthemuseums.B.Tomakeaparisonofthefourmuseums.C.Toremindreadersnevertoforgetourpasthistory.D.Tosharehisownexperiencesinvisitingthemuseums.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章向讀者推薦了美國(guó)四家博物館?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian部分中“Featuringbothongoingandtemporaryexhibits,themuseumdocumentsmanywaysAmericanIndiansintegratedintoAmericanhistoryandculture.(這個(gè)博物館展示的永久和臨時(shí)展覽，記錄了美洲印第安人融入美國(guó)歷史和文化的多種方式)”可知，美國(guó)印第安人國(guó)家博物館展示的永久和臨時(shí)展覽，記錄了美洲印第安人融入美國(guó)歷史和文化的多種方式。由此可知，該博物館最適合對(duì)永久和臨時(shí)展覽感興趣的游客。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)MississippiCivilRightsMuseum部分中“You’llhearthestoriesofMedgarEvers,FannieLouHamer,andVernonDahmer,andyou’llalsohearaboutmanymen,womenandchildrenwhofoughttoberecognizedasequals.

Artifactsincludea“colored”entrancesign,thegunusedtoshootEvers,aburnedcross,andabuttonfromthe1966MarchAgainstFear.(你們會(huì)聽(tīng)到Evers、

FannieLouHamer和

VernonDahmer的故事，你們還會(huì)聽(tīng)到許多男人、女人和孩子為獲得平等地位而斗爭(zhēng)的故事。展品包括一個(gè)“有色人種入口”的標(biāo)志，用于射擊Evers的槍支，一面被燒毀的十字架，以及1966年反對(duì)恐懼游行的一個(gè)鈕扣)”可推知，Evers在爭(zhēng)取平等的斗爭(zhēng)中獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whetheryoulikehistoryorsimplylearningsomethingnew,thesefourmuseumsareworthpayingavisitto.(無(wú)論你是喜歡歷史還是只是想學(xué)習(xí)新的東西，這四個(gè)博物館都值得一游)”可推知，作者主要的寫(xiě)作目的是向讀者推薦美國(guó)四家博物館，希望大家前去參觀。故選A。BElmProfessionalServicesownerMiaVanTubberghhadplentyofbusinesssmarts—butnosocialmediaknowhow.Sosheturnedtotheyoungergenerationandtookonthetwohighschoolstudentswhoknewtheirstuff.“Socialmediaisforeigntomanyolderprofessionals—butveryimportantforconnectingwithtoday’scustomers,”MsVanTubberghsaid.“Wehavethisworkforcesittinginschoolsdoingthisalreadybutthey’redoingitforfun.”MsVanTubbergh’spany,whichhelpslaunchproductstomarket,tookthenYear10studentsBraithMansfieldandTahmanaRudolphonfortwoweeks’workexperience.MsVanTubberghsaidwithabitofguidanceandhelpwithspellingandpresentinginaprofessionalenvironment,theboysnowdoabout80%ofElm’ssocialmediamarketingworkforonlinecustomers.ThepairworkonedayaweekwithElmatGosfordandtherestatKariongHighSchool.Theirdutiesincludestandalonepostsonsocialmediaplatforms,videos,storiesandwebsiteheaders.Theyrecentlyfinishedahardcopyflyer（傳單）foramajorretailerthatwillbeseenbyeveryconsumerwhovisitsthewebsite.“Iamsoimpressedbytheperformanceofthetwoteenagers,whohavehelpedgrowthepany’ssocialmediafollowingby600%,”saidMsVanTubbergh.“Braith,17,andTahmana,16—nowinYear11—cameintothebusinesswithalotofunexploredsocialmediaexperience.WorkingatElmhasprovidedthemwitha‘digitalplatformofworkthatisworthitsweightingold’—avaluableresourcetheycanshowotheremployerswhenstartingafulltimecareer.”BraithandRudolphareamong42NSWCentralCoaststudentsdoingYear11and12aspartofaSchoolBasedApprenticeshipandTraining（SBAT）program.NSWEducationSBATstrategicofficerCecileOakessaidtheyneededmorepanieslikeElmtotakeonstudentsandgivethemthebenefitofrealworldexperience.4.WhydidElmProfessionalServiceshireBraithandRudolph?A.Theyhaveplentyofbusinesssmarts.B.Theyhopetogainvaluableworkexperience.C.Theyhopetogetpaidandbeefinanciallyindependent.D.Theycanhelptogrowthepany’ssocialmediafollowing.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetwoteenagers’roleinElm.B.Elm’ssocialmediamarketingwork.C.Thetwoteenagers’unexpectedgainsinElm.D.Elm’sguidanceandhelptothetwoteenagers.6.WhatdoMsVanTubbergh’swordsinthefourthparagraphsuggest?A.Shewillremendthetwoteenagerstootheremployers.B.Thetwoteenagersshouldstartafulltimecareerupongraduation.C.Startingacareerinsocialmediaisawinwinforthetwoteenagersandthepany.D.Thetwostudentshavenotyetexploredtheirsocialmediaexperience.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.NSWEducationSBATprogramhasbeenagreatsuccess.B.MoreNSWCentralCoaststudentsarelikelytobetakenon.C.NSWCentralCoaststudentshaverichrealworldexperience.D.BraithandRudolphwillcontinuetoworkforElmaftergraduation.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一家名為ElmProfessionalServices的公司聘請(qǐng)兩名高中生幫助公司的社交媒體營(yíng)銷工作，并獲得了良好的效果。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ElmProfessionalServicesownerMiaVanTubberghhadplentyofbusinesssmarts—butnosocialmediaknowhow.Sosheturnedtotheyoungergenerationandtookonthetwohighschoolstudentswhoknewtheirstuff.(ElmProfessionalServices公司的老板MiaVanTubbergh擁有豐富的商業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但卻不懂社交媒體。因此，她轉(zhuǎn)向年輕一代，并雇用了兩名懂社交媒體的高中生。)”以及第二段中“MsVanTubbergh’spany,whichhelpslaunchproductstomarket,tookthenYear10studentsBraithMansfieldandTahmanaRudolphonfortwoweeks’workexperience.(VanTubbergh女士的公司幫助將產(chǎn)品推向市場(chǎng)，讓當(dāng)時(shí)10年級(jí)的學(xué)生BraithMansfield和TahmanaRudolph參加了為期兩周的工作體驗(yàn)。)”可知，MiaVanTubbergh擁有豐富的商業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但卻不懂社交媒體。因此，她轉(zhuǎn)向年輕一代，通過(guò)雇用兩名懂社交媒體的高中生

Braith和Rudolph來(lái)幫助將產(chǎn)品推向市場(chǎng)即

Braith和Rudolph可以幫助公司在社交媒體上增加粉絲，推廣產(chǎn)品。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theirdutiesincludestandalonepostsonsocialmediaplatforms,videos,storiesandwebsiteheaders.Theyrecentlyfinishedahardcopyflyer（傳單）foramajorretailerthatwillbeseenbyeveryconsumerwhovisitsthewebsite.(他們的職責(zé)包括在社交媒體平臺(tái)上發(fā)布獨(dú)立的帖子、視頻、故事和網(wǎng)站標(biāo)題。他們最近為一家大型零售商制作了一份紙質(zhì)傳單，每個(gè)訪問(wèn)該網(wǎng)站的消費(fèi)者都能看到。)”可知，這一段重點(diǎn)講述的是兩位少年在這家名為ElmProfessionalServices公司的工作角色。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中““Iamsoimpressedbytheperformanceofthetwoteenagers,whohavehelpedgrowthepany’ssocialmediafollowingby600%,”saidMsVanTubbergh.(VanTubbergh女士說(shuō):“這兩位青少年的表現(xiàn)給我留下了深刻的印象，他們幫助公司的社交媒體粉絲增長(zhǎng)了600%?！?”以及“WorkingatElmhasprovidedthemwitha‘digitalplatformofworkthatisworthitsweightingold’—avaluableresourcetheycanshowotheremployerswhenstartingafulltimecareer.(在Elm工作為他們提供了一個(gè)“價(jià)值千金的工作數(shù)字平臺(tái)”，這是他們?cè)陂_(kāi)始全職工作時(shí)可以向其他雇主展示的寶貴資源。)”可知，兩位青少年幫助公司的社交媒體粉絲增長(zhǎng)了選600%；同時(shí)公司也為他們提供了一個(gè)“價(jià)值千金的工作數(shù)字平臺(tái)”，這是他們?cè)陂_(kāi)始全職工作時(shí)可以向其他雇主展示的寶貴資源，即開(kāi)始在社交媒體上的職業(yè)生涯對(duì)這兩個(gè)青少年和公司來(lái)說(shuō)是雙贏的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“NSWEducationSBATstrategicofficerCecileOakessaidtheyneededmorepanieslikeElmtotakeonstudentsandgivethemthebenefitofrealworldexperience.(新南威爾士州教育局戰(zhàn)略官員塞西爾·奧克斯表示，他們需要更多像Elm這樣公司來(lái)招收學(xué)生，并為他們提供真實(shí)世界的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)”可知，更多像Elm這樣的公司會(huì)招收學(xué)生，因此接下來(lái)會(huì)有更多的學(xué)生被企業(yè)聘用。故選B。CHaveyounoticedthatastimegoesonandtechnologyadvances,thingsseemtokeepgettingsmallerandsmaller?That’sespeciallytruewiththatmachinewecallthe“puter.”Whatexactlyisaputer?Webster’sCollegiateDictionarydefinesaputeras“ausuallyprogrammableelectronicdevicethatcanstore,retrieve(檢索),andprocessdata.”O(jiān)thersthinkaputerasanythingthattransformsinformationinameaningfulway.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetriedtoimprovetheirlivesbyinventingmachinestomakecertaintaskseasier.Somepeoplebelieveasimplemechanicaldevicecalledan“abacus”wasoneoftheearliestformsofaputer.Ancientpeopleusedthedevicetoperformsimplecalculations(計(jì)算).Archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)havefoundevidencethattheancientGreeksusedtheabacusasearlyasthe5thcenturyB.C.Modernputersweredevelopedmuchmorerecently.Thefirstmodernelectronicputer—knownastheElectronicNumericalIntegratorandputerorENIAC—becameoperationalin1946.Weighingmorethan30tons,ENIACtookupasmuchspaceas1,800squarefeet.Sincethen,putershavebeemuchsmallerandmuchmorepowerful.WhileENIACcouldperform5,000additionproblemspersecond,manyoftoday’slaptopputersweighjustafewpoundsandcanperformseveralbillionoperationspersecond.Today’sputerskeepgettingsmallerandsmaller.Largedesktopputersgavewaytolaptops.Laptopshavedevelopedintoawidevarietyofevensmallerputingdevices,suchasnetbooksandtabletputers.Manypeopleevencarryputerswiththemeverywheretheygo.Smartphones,orcellphones,fiteasilyintoapocketandallowtheiruserstomaketelephonecalls,surftheInternetandconductbusiness.Sowhat’sthesmallestputeravailabletoday?Asof2015,thesmallestputerisjustonecubicmillimeter.However,today’sputermanufacturersareconstantlyproducingnewerandsmallermodelsataratetoofasttokeepupwith.Whateveristhesmallesttodaywillprobablybereplacedwithsomethingevensmallertomorrow!8.Howdoestheauthororganizethetext?A.Intheorderoftime.B.Intheorderofspace.C.Byraisingquestionsandansweringthem.D.Byanalyzingreasonsandthendrawingaconclusion.9.Whatcanweknowabout“abacus”fromParagraph3?A.ItwasinventedbyAncientGreeks. B.ItwaswidelyusedinAncientGreece.C.Itcouldcarryoutvarioustoughtasks. D.Itwasamongtheearliestformsofputer.10.WhydoestheauthortakeENIACasanexample?A.Topareitwithancientputers.B.Totellreadershowlargeearlierputerswere.C.Toshowreadershowpowerfulthefirstputerwas.D.Toexplaintoreadershowmodernputersoperated.11.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisaputer? B.Whatisthesmallestputer?C.Whatwouldfutureputersbelike? D.Howdidtheputereintobeing?【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)的特點(diǎn)。從史前時(shí)期的算盤，到體積如1,800平方英尺的ENIAC，再到今天的便攜式智能和一立方毫米的微型計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)越來(lái)越小，同時(shí)功能越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。作者通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明了計(jì)算機(jī)大小和性能的變化，并暗示未來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Somepeoplebelieveasimplemechanicaldevicecalledan“abacus”wasoneoftheearliestformsofaputer.Ancientpeopleusedthedevicetoperformsimplecalculations(計(jì)算).Archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)havefoundevidencethattheancientGreeksusedtheabacusasearlyasthe5thcenturyB.C.(有些人認(rèn)為，一種叫做“算盤”的簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械裝置是計(jì)算機(jī)的最早形式之一。古人用算盤進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算?？脊艑W(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)表明，古希臘人早在公元前5世紀(jì)就使用算盤了。)”以及第四段中“Modernputersweredevelopedmuchmorerecently.Thefirstmodernelectronicputer—knownastheElectronicNumericalIntegratorandputerorENIAC—becameoperationalin1946.Weighingmorethan30tons,ENIACtookupasmuchspaceas1,800squarefeet.

(現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)是最近才發(fā)展起來(lái)的。第一臺(tái)現(xiàn)代電子計(jì)算機(jī)——電子數(shù)字積分器和計(jì)算機(jī)(簡(jiǎn)稱eniac)——于1946年投入使用。ENIAC重達(dá)30多噸，占據(jù)了1800平方英尺的空間。)”以及第五段中“Today’sputerskeepgettingsmallerandsmaller.Largedesktopputersgavewaytolaptops.

(今天的電腦變得越來(lái)越小。大型臺(tái)式電腦讓位于筆記本電腦。)”以及最后一段中“Sowhat’sthesmallestputeravailabletoday?Asof2015,thesmallestputerisjustonecubicmillimeter.(那么現(xiàn)在市面上最小的電腦是什么?截至2015年，最小的電腦只有1立方毫米。)”可知，本文從古代的計(jì)算機(jī)abacus講到了第一部現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)ENIAC，接下來(lái)講到了今天的計(jì)算機(jī)，結(jié)尾還提到未來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)變得更小、更強(qiáng)大。由此推斷，本文作者是按照時(shí)間順序行文的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Somepeoplebelieveasimplemechanicaldevicecalledan‘a(chǎn)bacus’wasoneoftheearliestformsofaputer.(有些人認(rèn)為，一種叫做“算盤”的簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械裝置是計(jì)算機(jī)的最早形式之一。)”可知，abacus是計(jì)算機(jī)的最早形式之一。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Weighingmorethan30tons,ENIACtookupasmuchspaceas1,800squarefeet.Sincethen,putershavebeemuchsmallerandmuchmorepowerful.

(ENIAC重達(dá)30多噸，占據(jù)了1800平方英尺的空間。從那時(shí)起，計(jì)算機(jī)變得越來(lái)越小，越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。)”以及第五段中“Today’sputerskeepgettingsmallerandsmaller.

(今天的電腦變得越來(lái)越小。)”可知，隨著時(shí)間的推移和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，計(jì)算機(jī)變得越來(lái)越小。而作者以ENIAC為例，目的是要告訴讀者，早期的計(jì)算機(jī)有多么龐大，從而進(jìn)一步點(diǎn)明“計(jì)算機(jī)越來(lái)越小”這一主題。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Haveyounoticedthatastimegoesonandtechnologyadvances,thingsseemtokeepgettingsmallerandsmaller?That’sespeciallytruewiththatmachinewecallthe“puter.”(你有沒(méi)有注意到，隨著時(shí)間的推移和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，東西似乎變得越來(lái)越小?對(duì)于我們稱之為“計(jì)算機(jī)”的機(jī)器來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。)”以及通讀全文可知，本文介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)的特點(diǎn)。從史前時(shí)期的算盤，到體積如1,800平方英尺的ENIAC，再到今天的便攜式智能和一立方毫米的微型計(jì)算機(jī)，計(jì)算機(jī)越來(lái)越小，同時(shí)功能越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。作者通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明了計(jì)算機(jī)大小和性能的變化，并暗示未來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。最終表明無(wú)論計(jì)算機(jī)變得多么小，它的作用將一如既往地發(fā)揮，故文章的主旨是計(jì)算機(jī)變得越來(lái)越小。B選項(xiàng)“Whatisthesmallestputer?(最小的電腦是什么?)”概括文章主旨大意，符合標(biāo)題。故選B。DAlmostaquarteroftheUK’sseaswimmersmaynotswimintheoceanthisyearbecauseofsewage(污水)dumpingbywaterpanies,accordingtoapoll(民意調(diào)查).SewagewasdumpedintowatersnearEngland’smostcelebratedbeachesfornearly8,500hourslastyear.Andtherewere1,504discharges(排出)in2022onbeachessupposedtobefreefromsuchpollution.Thepollspoketo2,272UKadultsbetween21and23onJuly.Justover30%saidtheytypicallywentseaswimmingduringthesummer,andofthese23%saidtheywouldnotthisyearbecauseofsewagedumpingbywaterpanies.MorethantwoinfiveoftheregularbeachgoersalsosaidtheywerelesslikelytovisittheBritishseasidethissummerbecauseofsewagedischarges.TheDepartmentforEnvironmentsaysgovernmentshouldallowtheEnvironmentAgencytochargeunlimitedfinesonrulebreakingwaterpanies.Finesarecurrentlycapped(上限)at￡250,000.TheDepartmentforEnvironmenthasbeencallingforasewagetaxonannualprofitsandabanonbonusesofwaterpanymanagers.“Coastalmunitiesareatthemercyofwaterpanieswhounapologeticallydischargerawsewageintopopularswimmingspots,”TimFarron,theDepartmentforEnvironment’sspokespersonsaid.“Thegovernmentneedstostoplettingwaterpaniesoffthehookandfinallybantheseterriblesewagedischargesanddefendourtourismsector.”AWaterUKspokespersonsaidstandardsatbeacheshadgreatlyimprovedsincethe1990sbutthattheindustryrecognizedithadbeenslowtodealwiththeharmtoourseascausedbysewageoverflows.“Overthenextsevenyears,waterandseweragepaniesplantospend￡10bn—doublingcurrentlevelsofinvestment—onsewagetreatment,”theysaid.“Aspartofthis,bathingwaterswillbeamongthefirsttoreceivefunding.”12.Whatdoesthepollshow?A.Waterpaniesdumpedthemostsewageintowaterslastyear.B.ManyswimmersavoidthewateroverfearsofsewageonUKbeaches.C.WatersnearEngland’smostcelebratedbeachesarenotseriouslypolluted.D.OvertwofifthsoftheregularbeachgoersinUKarebetween21and23.13.WhatsuggestiondoestheDepartmentforEnvironmentmaketothegovernment?A.Reducingbonusesofwaterpanymanagers.B.Shuttingdownthoserulebreakingwaterpanies.C.Finingrulebreakingwaterpaniesatleast￡250,000.D.Introducingasewagetaxonwaterpanies’yearlyprofits.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“offthehook”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Developslowly. B.Improvetoofast.C.Freeofresponsibility. D.Attractpublicattention.15.Inwhichsectionofthewebsitecanyouprobablyreadthetext?AEnvironment. B.Lifestyle. C.Fitness. D.Business.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹的是英國(guó)出現(xiàn)了污水危機(jī)，自來(lái)水公司向河流和海洋排放了太多的污水，為此，四分之一的游泳者可能不會(huì)在海里游泳。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“AlmostaquarteroftheUK’sseaswimmersmaynotswimintheoceanthisyearbecauseofsewage(污水)dumpingbywaterpanies,accordingtoapoll(民意調(diào)查).(一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查顯示，由于自來(lái)水公司的污水排放，英國(guó)近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不會(huì)在海里游泳。)”以及第二段中的“Justover30%saidtheytypicallywentseaswimmingduringthesummer,andofthese23%saidtheywouldnotthisyearbecauseofsewagedumpingbywaterpanies.(超過(guò)30%的人表示，他們通常在夏天去海里游泳，其中23%的人表示，由于自來(lái)水公司的污水排放，他們今年不會(huì)去游泳。)”可知，民意調(diào)查顯示，由于擔(dān)心英國(guó)海灘上的未經(jīng)處理的污水，許多游泳者不愿下水游泳，由此可知，許多游泳者因?yàn)閾?dān)心英國(guó)海灘上的污水而避免下水。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheDepartmentforEnvironmenthasbeencallingforasewagetaxonannualprofitsandabanonbonusesofwaterpanymanagers.(英國(guó)環(huán)境部一直呼吁對(duì)年度利潤(rùn)征收污水稅，并禁止水務(wù)公司經(jīng)理的獎(jiǎng)金。)”可知，環(huán)境部建議政府對(duì)水務(wù)公司的年度利潤(rùn)征收污水稅。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)前的““Coastalmunitiesareatthemercyofwaterpanieswhounapologeticallydischargerawsewageintopopularswimmingspots,”TimFarron,theDepartmentforEnvironment’sspokespersonsaid.(英國(guó)環(huán)境部發(fā)言人蒂姆·法倫說(shuō)：“沿海社區(qū)任由水務(wù)公司擺布，他們毫無(wú)歉意地將未經(jīng)處理的污水排放到熱門的游泳場(chǎng)所?！?”可知，水務(wù)公司毫無(wú)歉意地將未經(jīng)處理的污水排放到熱門的游泳場(chǎng)所，結(jié)合劃線短語(yǔ)所在的句子“Thegovernmentneedstostoplettingwaterpanies…(政府需要停止讓水務(wù)公司)”可知，政府應(yīng)停止水務(wù)公司的這種“毫無(wú)歉意地”把污水排放到熱門的游泳場(chǎng)所，由此可知，劃線短語(yǔ)的意思與“毫無(wú)歉意的行為”的意義相近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“AlmostaquarteroftheUK’sseaswimmersmaynotswimintheoceanthisyearbecauseofsewage(污水)dumpingbywaterpanies,accordingtoapoll(民意調(diào)查).SewagewasdumpedintowatersnearEngland’smostcelebratedbeachesfornearly8,500hourslastyear.Andtherewere1,504discharges(排出)in2022onbeachessupposedtobefreefromsuchpollution.(一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查顯示，由于自來(lái)水公司的污水排放，英國(guó)近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不會(huì)在海里游泳。去年，污水被傾倒到英國(guó)最著名的海灘附近的水域近8500個(gè)小時(shí)。2022年，在本應(yīng)沒(méi)有此類污染的海灘上，有1,504次排放。)”可知，民意調(diào)查表明，由于稅務(wù)局將未經(jīng)處理的污水排放到海灘附近，致使游泳者遠(yuǎn)離英國(guó)的海灘，結(jié)合下文中的介紹的英國(guó)環(huán)境部向政府的提議可知，這類內(nèi)容最可能出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)站中的環(huán)境一欄。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Itmakestheworldgoround.Itteacheslessons,makespeoplefeelwarm,andsometimescausespain.____16____That’sright—we’retalkingaboutthekneeshaking,palmsweating,heartpoundingfeelingoflove!Therearemanytypesoflove.Mostpeoplefeelloveformembersoftheirfamily—thislongtermconnectionisoftencalledattachment.Theymayfeelthissameemotiontowardfriendsorevenpets.____17____Thesefeelingsarequitedifferentfromthosepeoplefeelforfamilyandfriends.Sometimes,theseinitialfeelingsgrowintolongtermlovesimilartothatfeltinfamilies.Whydopeoplefeellove?Manyexpertsbelieveit’srootedinsurvival.Afterall,mostpeoplefirstfeelloveforfamilymembersorcaretakers.____18____Especiallyforchildren,thisisamajoradvantageforsurvival.Laterinlife,whenpeoplestarttoloveromanticpartners,thisisdrivenbysimilarneeds.____19____Itcanreducestressandlowerbloodpressure.Spendingtimewithlovedonescanalsoleadtoalongerlifespan.Infact,closefamilyandmunityrelationshipsisonefactorthatmayhelppeoplelivelonger.Withallthistalkaboutlove,maybesomeone,youcareaboutisonyourmind.Howcanyoushowsomeoneyoulovethem?Thereareplentyofways!Youcanconveylovebyshowingappreciation,givingpraises,andbeingagoodlistener.Sharing,doingsmallfavors,orgivingahugcanalsoshowapersonyoucare.____20____Ifyoucareaboutsomeone,tellthemso.Makingacardorwritingthemalettercanalsobegreatwaystosharelove.Ifyou’renotsurewhattodo,justaskyourself:Whatactionsmakeyoufeelloved?A.Ofcourse,wordsworkjustfine,too!B.Manypeoplesayit’salltheyneedinlife.C.Seeingsomeoneyoulovecancauseincreasedheartrate.D.Familiesandclosefriendstakecareofandprotecteachother.E.Scientistshavefoundthatlovemayalsohaveseveralhealthbenefits.F.Adifferenttypeofloveexistsbetweenromanticcouplesandlifepartners.G.Thatmayexplainwhypeopleinlovesometimesdescribelessdesiretoeatorsleep!【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。什么是愛(ài)？愛(ài)是如何運(yùn)作的？本文講述了愛(ài)背后的科學(xué)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Itmakestheworldgoround.Itteacheslessons,makespeoplefeelwarm,andsometimescausespain.(它使世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。它能給人經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，讓人感到溫暖，有時(shí)也會(huì)帶來(lái)痛苦)”以及后文“That’sright—we’retalkingaboutthekneeshaking,palmsweating,heartpoundingfeelingoflove!(沒(méi)錯(cuò)，我們說(shuō)的是那種膝蓋顫抖、手心冒汗、心跳加速的愛(ài)的感覺(jué)！)”可知，本句與空格前兩句意義上是順承關(guān)系，說(shuō)明“愛(ài)”的特征。故B選項(xiàng)“很多人說(shuō)這就是他們生活中所需要的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Therearemanytypesoflove.Mostpeoplefeelloveformembersoftheirfamily—thislongtermconnectionisoftencalledattachment.Theymayfeelthissameemotiontowardfriendsorevenpets.(愛(ài)有很多種。大多數(shù)人對(duì)自己的家庭成員感到愛(ài)——這種長(zhǎng)期的聯(lián)系通常被稱為依戀。他們對(duì)朋友甚至寵物也會(huì)有同樣的情緒)”可知，該段首先講述了對(duì)親人、朋友等的愛(ài)，接下來(lái)講述情侶之間的愛(ài)情。由此推斷，選項(xiàng)F“浪漫的情侶和生活伴侶之間存在著一種不同類型的愛(ài)”起承上啟下作用，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Manyexpertsbelieveit’srootedinsurvival.Afterall,mostpeoplefirstfeelloveforfamilymembersorcaretakers.(許多專家認(rèn)為這源于生存。畢竟，大多數(shù)人首先感受到的是對(duì)家庭成員或照顧者的愛(ài))”提到許多專家認(rèn)為，愛(ài)的根源在于生存，故接下來(lái)是對(duì)這句話作解釋說(shuō)明。選項(xiàng)D意思是“家人和親密的朋友互相照顧和保護(hù)”，這與前一句意義一致，且與后一句意義上存在因果關(guān)系。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Itcanreducestressandlowerbloodpressure.Spendingtimewithlovedonescanalsoleadtoalongerlifespan.Infact,closefamilyandmunityrelationshipsisonefactorthatmayhelppeoplelivelonger.(它可以減輕壓力，降低血壓?；〞r(shí)間和愛(ài)的人在一起也能延長(zhǎng)壽命。事實(shí)上，親密的家庭和社區(qū)關(guān)系可能是幫助人們長(zhǎng)壽的一個(gè)因素)”可知，后文提到愛(ài)可以減輕壓力，降低血壓?；〞r(shí)間和愛(ài)的人在一起也能延長(zhǎng)壽命。事實(shí)上，親密的家庭和社區(qū)關(guān)系可能是幫助人們長(zhǎng)壽的一個(gè)因素。即愛(ài)對(duì)健康也有好處。故選項(xiàng)E“科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，愛(ài)也可能對(duì)健康有益”最能概括該段大意。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Withallthistalkaboutlove,maybesomeone,youcareaboutisonyourmind.Howcanyoushowsomeoneyoulovethem?Thereareplentyofways!Youcanconveylovebyshowingappreciation,givingpraises,andbeingagoodlistener.Sharing,doingsmallfavors,orgivingahugcanalsoshowapersonyoucare.(說(shuō)了這么多關(guān)于愛(ài)的話題，也許你心里還惦記著某個(gè)你在乎的人。你如何向別人表達(dá)你的愛(ài)呢？有很多方法！你可以通過(guò)表達(dá)感激、贊美和做一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者來(lái)表達(dá)愛(ài)。分享，幫個(gè)小忙，或者給一個(gè)擁抱都可以表達(dá)你的關(guān)心)”可知，最后一段說(shuō)的是如何表達(dá)愛(ài)，空格前介紹了幾種表達(dá)愛(ài)的方式。選項(xiàng)A“當(dāng)然，語(yǔ)言文字也很管用！”說(shuō)的是表達(dá)愛(ài)的另外一種方式——愛(ài)就說(shuō)出來(lái)。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewyearsago,AndyDavisandhiswifedecidedtoridetheirbikesacrossthecountry.Theyspentmonths____21____andplanningfortheiradventure.Butonedayjustafewmonthsbeforetheyweregoingto____22____,Davisfeltanintensepainacrosshis____23____.Hewassoondiagnosedwithheartfailure,aseriousconditioninwhichtheheartcannolonger____24____bloodefficiently.“Itwas____25____becauseIwassofit,andjustacouplemonthslaterIcouldhardly____26____,”hesaid.Hisdoctorstoldhimthattheonlywayhe’d____27____waswithanewheart.ByNovember,Daviswasplacedonahearttransplantlist—a/an____28____thatcantakemonths,ifnotyears.“Youdon’tknowifyou’regoingtogetaheart,”hesaid.“You____29____hope.”ButDavis’conditionquicklyworsened,andfor11days,hewaskept____30____withaballoonpumpplacedinsidehisheart.Onthe12thday,Daviswas____31____learnthatanewheartwasonitsway.ItwouldefromawifeandmothernamedSarahIvy.Today,Davismarvelsthatheisstillalive.Andheisfilledwith____32____forIvyandherfamily,whogavehimthegiftoflifeinatimeof____33____.Davisandhiswifearenowconsidering____34____thatcrosscountrybicycletrip.Andontheway,theyplantomeetIvy’sfamilyforthefirsttime,tothankthem____35____.21.A.studying B.training C.working D.struggling22.A.start B.quit C.w