《高考英語(yǔ)學(xué)科復(fù)習(xí)關(guān)鍵問題指導(dǎo)與訓(xùn)練》-閱讀理解中的問題突破與指導(dǎo) 閱讀試題 第一套

2022屆高三考英語(yǔ)學(xué)科復(fù)習(xí)關(guān)鍵問題指導(dǎo)與訓(xùn)練》第四次選送——閱讀理解中的問題突破與指導(dǎo)閱讀理解在新高考英語(yǔ)試卷中，賦予了較多的內(nèi)容和較高的分值，主要考查學(xué)生能否正確理解閱讀文本并從文本中找到解決問題答案的能力，對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)要求較高，是高中英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)與復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。目前，在高三復(fù)習(xí)階段教學(xué)和測(cè)試中，學(xué)生在閱讀理解中語(yǔ)篇整體意義、邏輯關(guān)系和內(nèi)在連貫等綜合閱讀能力方面把握不足，尋找關(guān)鍵詞能力較差，聯(lián)系前后句、根據(jù)上下文意思把握不準(zhǔn)，即使找到信息也無法較好地對(duì)信息進(jìn)行概括、整合與分析。語(yǔ)篇中長(zhǎng)難句依然是學(xué)生閱讀理解過程中最大的障礙。在高考中考生在閱讀理解中D篇得分率較低，失分尤其突出。為了使閱讀復(fù)習(xí)更有針對(duì)性，有效解決閱讀中學(xué)生的問題，尋找進(jìn)一步的突破，我們組織了中國(guó)教育學(xué)會(huì)普通高中新課程實(shí)施“領(lǐng)航計(jì)劃”福建省高中教師新高考適應(yīng)能力提升培訓(xùn)班的老師制作54個(gè)了“閱讀中關(guān)鍵問題的突破和指導(dǎo)”的課件，我們?cè)偻瞥?8位老師的課件，供大家參考使用。同時(shí)，我們也推出近幾年來省質(zhì)檢命題人員編制的閱讀適應(yīng)性練習(xí)4套供學(xué)生訓(xùn)練使用。閱讀試題（第一套）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWOW!ASimpleWaytoUseComputerTheWOW!Computerputstheworldatyourfingertips.Justtouchabigandeasytoreadbuttononthescreenandyou’reonyourway!●Onetouchtext“zoom”upto200%.●USbasedcustomersupport.●Nosoftwaretobuy—ever!●Setsupin5minutes.●It’sevenonsale!It’saTouchScreenThebig,brightscreeniseasytoseeandpushbuttonnavigationmakesgettingaroundasnap.There’snowaytobreakitbypushingthewrongbuttonormakingamistake.Justinsertyourhighspeedinternetconnectionandyou’reonlineinminutes.It’sAllYouNeedThere’snoadditionalsoftwaretobuy—ever!NewprogramsandupdatesareprovidedautomaticallyforthelifeofyourWOW!Computer.Itcomeswithallofthisandmuchmore:●Videochat,email&calendar●Digitalphotoframescreensaver●Anti-virusprotection●BuiltingameslikeMineFinder&SolitaireTrytheWOW!ComputerWe’veevenputtheWOW!Computeronsale!AndwithfirstSTREET’sexclusive30days,100%SatisfactionGuarantee,youcantrytheWOW!Computerinyourhometobesureit’sjustwhatyou(oryourlovedones)need.Justclickthebigyellowbuttonbeloworcall877-791-8268toaddsomeWOW!toyourlife!Tryitfor30daysandifyou’renotcompletelysatisfied,returnitforafullrefund(退還)ofyourpurchaseprice.Therearenocontractsorlongtermcommitments.21.WhatisthemosttechnologicalcharacteristicoftheWOW!Computer?A.Abrightbutton.B.Abuilt-ingame.C.Atouchscreen. D.Anti-virusprotection.22.WhatcanweinferabouttheWOW!Computer?A.Itwillneverbreakdown.B.Itsellscheapertotheold.C.Ithasfewsoftwaresyouneed.D.Itisespeciallysuitablefortheold.23.Whatdoesthistextprobablyappear?A.Inanewspaper. B.OntheInternet.C.Inamagazine. D.OnTV.24.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheWOW!Computer?A.Creative. B.Cheap.C.Expensive. D.Funny.BOnesunnyMonday,Idecidedtogoforawalk.Thereisabeautifuldirttracknearmyhousethatrunsalongariverforabout2km.Onmyfingerwasaveryspecialring:I’donlyjustpickeditupfromthejeweller’sthedaybeforebecauseI’dhaditdesignedtoholdadiamondgiventomebymygrandmotherformy21stbirthday.IlookeddownatmyringasIbeganmywalk,feelingassunnyastheday.ImaginemysadnesswhenIlookedagainattheendofthetrackandsawaholeinthesettingwherethediamondshouldhavebeen.Itwasmissing.Panicked,Istartedbackalongthepath,lookingfranticallyforthestone.Inmyheart,Iknewhowhopelessmysearchwas.Thetrackwaslong,stonyandcoveredwithleavesanddebris(碎片).AsIscannedtheground,cryingandextremelyworried,Imetaneldergentlemanoutforawalk.“What’sthematter,love?”heaskedkindly.“Lostsomething?”Iexplainedaboutthemissingdiamondandshowedhimtheholeinmyring.Hewhistled.“That’sgonnabehardtofind.Tellyouwhat,love,Iwalkalongthistrackeveryday,I’llkeepmyeyesopenforit.”Ithankedhim,expectingnothing,buttoldhimmyhusbandoftenwalksourdogsalongthepathifheeverfoundsomething.Afewdayslater,myhusbandmetthegentlemanonthepath.“Guesswhat?”hesaid.“Ifoundyourdiamond!”Unbelievably,he’dfoundthetinystoneandwasdelightedtohandthediamondbacktomyhusband,sayingcasually,“LuckyIfoundit—Ionlyhave50percentsightinoneeye.”Whenmyhusbandofferedhimmoneyforhistrouble,herefusedit.Hecouldhaveeasilykeptthediamond,orsoldit,asit’sworthseveralthousanddollars,but,thankstothisman,I’llspendtherestofmydaystryingtodosomethingequallysignificantforanotherperson.AndifI’meverworriedaboutthestateofthehumanrace,allIhavetodoislookatmyringandremindmyselfthattherearestillkindandgeneroussoulsoutthere.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheoldman?A.Richandgenerous. B.Carefulandbrave.C.Kindandhonest. D.Patientandmodest.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“frantically”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Casually. B.Anxiously.C.Excitedly. D.Deliberately.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthediamond?A.Thewriterboughtitinthejeweller’s.B.Ithadaholeinthesetting.C.Itwasagiftfromthewriter’sgrandma.D.Theowner’shusbandpaidtoregainit.28.Whatsectionofamagazinedoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A.LifeWellLived. B.TheHolidaySeason.C.ImportantFacts.D.ThePowerofGood.CSometimeseventhebesttechnologyisn’taspowerfulasalotofpeopleworkingtogether.AtNASA(美國(guó)宇航局),forexample,satelliteshelpscientistsstudyclouds.Camerasandothertoolsonthosesatellitesdoagreatjobofseeingcloudsallovertheplanet.“You’renotabletogetasenseforwhat’shappeningwiththecloudsinoneareathroughouttheday,”saysTayloratNASA.“Butcitizenscientistscanfillthosegaps.”NASAcollectsdatafromcitizenscientistswhoobservecloudsatlotsofdifferenttimes.Theyprovidereportswithweatherdata.Thelargenumbersofobservationsarehelpful.NASAscientistsusethemtomakesuretheymatchsatellitedata.Thatwaytheyknowwhethersatellitesareworkingcorrectly.“It’scrowd-sourcingatitsfinest,”Taylorsays.“Whenyoucombineeveryone’sobservationsovertime,allthoseestimatesaverageouttocreatemoreandmoreaccurateinformation.”Also,sometypesofsatellites“see”differentlythanwedo.Forexample,somesatelliteslookingdownatEarthcan’ttellthedifferencebetweensnowandacloud.“Botharewhiteandreallycold,”Taylorexplains.Thatcanmakeithardforthesatellitesensorstotellthemapart.But“ontheground,itwouldneverbeaquestion.”Andthisiswhereahuman’seyescanbebetterthanasatellite’s.Kidscansometimesofferanewwayoflookingatanissue,bringinganewidea,anditpartnersstudentswithscientists.Thatcanbehelpfulwhenscientistsgetstuckandcan’tthinkofnewwaystoapproachaproblem.Atthebeginningofaproject,kidsoftenaskabouttheanswertoaresearchquestion.Studentsareusuallysurprisedandexcitedtofindoutthatnooneactuallyknowstheanswer,andthatit’stheirjobtohelpmakediscoveries.29.HowcanNASAgetamoreaccurateresultinstudyingclouds?A.Bysatellites’watchinginspace.B.Withthehelpofcitizenscientists.C.Byphotostakenbycameraontheearth.D.Withvarioustoolsonthesatellites.30.Whatdoweknowaboutthesatellitesensors?A.Theyaren’tfitforcoldweather.B.Theyseethingsonearthclearly.C.Theyworkabnormallywhencloudy.D.Theymakemistakessometimes.31.Whatmaymatterwhenkidsdoaresearchproject?A.Newwaysandideas.B.Thescientists’instructions.C.Theperfectresearchconditions.D.Theanswertotheresearchquestion.DChinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells,reducingtheneedtoraiselabmonkeysandpavingthewayformoreaccurate,effective,andaffordableanimaltestsfornewdrugs.ByDecember,theInstituteofNeuroscienceoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemonkeysnamed“ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofsomatic(身體的)cells.ThiswasthesimilartechnologyusedtocreatethefamousclonesheepDollyin1996.Tetra,arhesusmonkeybornin1999,istheworld’sfirstever-clonedmonkey,butitwasdoneusingasimplermethodcalledembryo(胚胎)splitting,butitcouldonlygeneratefourclonedoffspringatatimeandcannotbegeneticallychangedtosuitexperimentalneeds,saidPuMuming,anacademicianofCAS.“Cloningamonkeyusingsomaticcellshasbeenaworld-classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物)thatsharesitsgeneticmakeupwithhumans,”hesaid.“Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,whichiscostly,badfortheenvironmentandproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes,”Pusaid.“Bycloningmonkeyusingsomaticcells,wecanmasscultivatelargenumbersofgeneticallyidenticaloffspringinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds,”headded.“Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.”SunQiang,directorofthenon-humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostofthedrugtrialsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotworkorevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent.“Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingonmonkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans,”hesaid.“ThisisespeciallyusefulintestingdrugsforneuraldiseasessuchasParkinson’sdisease,andimmunesystemdisease,”headded.32.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Chinawasthefirstcountrytocloneamonkey. B.Chinawillproducemoreaffordablenewdrugs.C.Moreaccurateandeffectivetestswillbeperformedonanimals.D.AmonkeyhasbeenclonedinChinausingnon-reproductivecells.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offspring”inParagraph3mean?A.Cells. B.Animal’sbabies. C.Children. D.Sheep.34. WhatdidPuMumingsayaboutChina’scloningofamonkey?A.Itistoughbutbeneficial. B.Itcontributestomentalresearch.C.It’sacostlyexperiment. D.Ithelpschangehumangenes.35.WhatcanweinferfromDirectorSun’swords?A.Humansarequitedifferentfrommice.B.Monkeysandhumanshavecloserelationships.C.Drugstrialsmightbedoneonlabmonkeysinthefuture.D.Medicinesmadefrommonkeyswillappearonthemarket.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Makingdecisionsinlifecanbetough.Ifyou’vebeenaroundevenalittlewhile,youknowthat.You’vebeenthroughit.36Forallofus,thosetoughdecisionsweighheavilyonourminds.Wecan’tescapeit.Herearesomesuggestionstohelpyouwhenfacinglife’sdifficultcrossroads.Getasmuchinformationasyoucanaboutthesituation.

37Thusyougaintheconfidenceyouneedwhenmakingdecisionstomakethebestdecisionpossible.Thisisveryimportantbecausemoretimesthannotyouwillfindyourselfunabletomakeadecisionuntilmoreinformationislearnedaboutthesituation.38Whatoptionsdoyouactuallyhaveinthis