2024年中考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)詞法部分：名詞課件

2024年中考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)詞法部分：名詞課件（含2023中考真題）目錄可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞專有名詞名詞所有格Lookandsay.MartinLutherKingHuangguoshuWaterfallbananamilkshakepersonplacethingNoun*“Thing”includesobjects,animalsandideas.Isitanoun?muttonpostofficeengineergiraffelazyapartmentscientisteducationathingaplaceapersonathingaplaceapersonathingWorkingroupsandlistmorenouns.personplacething可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)Findfivedifferencesbetweenthetwopictures.oneballtwoballsoneboxtwoglassestwopicturestwoboxesonebooktwobooksoneglassonepictureball—ballspicture—picturesbook—booksglass—glassesbox—boxes可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分。表示可以計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物的名詞稱為可數(shù)名詞。一般情況下，單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時在詞尾加-s，也有加-es的情況，這類變化統(tǒng)稱為名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化。構(gòu)成方法例詞讀音詞尾直接加____bookbooks在清輔音后讀____bag在濁輔音后讀____tree在元音后讀____以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加____-es讀作____以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，先將____________,再加_____-ves讀作____-sbagstrees[s][z][z]-esbrushbrushesfoxfoxes[iz]f或fe變成v-es[vz]shelfshelveslifelives構(gòu)成方法例詞讀音以o結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加_______-es或-s讀作____以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先將________,再加______-ies讀作____以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加____-s讀作____-es或-spotatopotatoestomatotomatoesbamboobamboos[z]y改為i-esfactoryfactoriescitycities[?z]-sdaydayswayways[z]構(gòu)成方法例詞讀音以th結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加______在短元音或輔音后，-ths讀作[θs]或[ez]-smonthmonthsmouthmouthspathpaths【中考鏈接】—Ofallthe________,Ilovesummerbest.A.seasonsB.subjects C.coloursD.hobbiesA（2023.江蘇徐州）【中考鏈接】Ourcityreceivedalotofv_____duringMayDayholiday.（2023.山東日照）istors【中考鏈接】ThereisnodoubtthatChinaisoneoftheoldest_______intheworld.（2023.湖北十堰）countries【中考鏈接】It’sbadm_____totalkwithyourmouthfull.（2023.四川達(dá)州）anners【中考鏈接】Mr.Yang’sh_____includesinging,paintingandplayingchess.（2023.四川德陽）obbiesWhataretheirpluralforms?sheep—fish—tooth—man—child—ox—sheepfishteethmenchildrenoxen單復(fù)數(shù)同形改變中間的元音詞尾發(fā)生變化名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer—deerfish—fishsheep—sheepmeans—meansspacecraft—spacecraftChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese改變中間的元音man—menwoman—womenfoot—feettooth—teethmouse—micegoose—geese詞尾發(fā)生變化child—childrenox—oxen注意！有些詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式clothes,glasses,scissors,trousers,shorts,scales(天平),compasses(圓規(guī)),tweezers(鑷子)一些詞雖然以s結(jié)尾,但它們不是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，而是單詞本身以s結(jié)尾，應(yīng)把它們作為名詞單數(shù)來看待news,maths,physics,politics,means,goods,works復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式第一個詞或最后一個詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式passer-by—passers-byson-in-law—sons-in-lawgirlfriend—girlfriendsgrown-up—grown-upshighway—highways構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞的兩個詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式mandoctor—mendoctorswomanteacher—womenteachersmanservant—menservants【中考鏈接】—Whatanimalsdidyouseeonthefarm,Tom?—Isawsome________.A.rabbit B.ducks C.sheepsB（2023.湖南邵陽）【中考鏈接】________(child)shouldacceptgiftsfromtheirelderswithbothhands.Children（2023.浙江溫州）【中考鏈接】Look!Therearesome______（綿羊）onthehill.sheep（2023.四川雅安）不可數(shù)名詞Distinguishcountablenounsanduncountablenouns.Thenaddtwoorthreeexamplesineachcategory.saltappleyogurthoneyjuicetomatocabbagemuttonorangecornnutbananapotatodumplingbeefsugarpopcornnoodleeggcheeseporridgecountablenounsuncountablenounsappletomatocabbageorangeeggnutbananapotatodumplingnoodlesaltyogurthoneyjuicemuttonbeefcornsugarpopcorncheeseporridgeCompletethedialogues.CanIhelpyou?CanIhave____________________________?threeglassesofwatermelonjuiceWhatwouldyoulike?I’dlike__________________.abowlofbeefnoodles表示不能計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物的名詞，稱為不可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞前面不能用不定冠詞a/an，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞的量的表達(dá)方式和可數(shù)名詞有很大區(qū)別。不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量表達(dá)方式1當(dāng)表示不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量時，通?？梢栽诓豢蓴?shù)名詞的前面加上表示數(shù)量單位的詞。當(dāng)表示“一袋/杯......”時，單位詞要用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)表示“兩袋/杯......”時，單位詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。aglassofwaterajarofjamapacketofsweettwobagsofricetwotubesoftoothpastethreecupsofcoffeefourpiecesofadvicefourcartonsofmilkfivekilosofmeat不可數(shù)名詞的不確切數(shù)量表達(dá)方式2當(dāng)表示不可數(shù)名詞各種大概、不確定數(shù)量時，可運(yùn)用下列單詞或短語。單詞/短語意義單詞/短語意義not(any)/no沒有alotof許多l(xiāng)ittle幾乎么有l(wèi)otsofalittle/some一些plentyofmost大部分muchall全部agreatdealofexampleFortunately,Ihadalittletimetospare.很幸運(yùn)，我有一點(diǎn)兒空閑時間。Doyouhavemuchmoneytotravel?你有許多錢去旅游嗎？Agreatdealofmyworkisunpaid.我的許多工作都是沒有報(bào)酬的。【中考鏈接】—Canyougivesome______onlearningEnglishwell?—Sure.WatchingEnglishprogramsisagoodway.A.news B.advice C.decisionD.messageB（2023.湖北咸寧）【中考鏈接】JohnSmithoftenlooksthroughthenewsabout______toknowwhat’sonthecinema.A.filmsB.musicC.booksD.weatherA（2023.吉林長春）Movealongandmake______forme.A.aroomB.roomC.chairD.tablesB專有名詞根據(jù)名詞的意義，名詞可分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大類。專有名詞表示特定的人、事物、地點(diǎn)、場所、機(jī)構(gòu)等。普通名詞專有名詞boyDavidsailorAdamlawyerSarahmother-in-lawJanicecityBostonbridgeTheGoldenGateBridgetowerEiffelTowerstreetChurchAvenue專有名詞主要有以下五類：表示人名、尊稱和頭銜的專有名詞EinsteinChairmanMaoMr.BrownDoctorLinQueenElizabethⅡ表示國名、地名、山河的專有名詞KoreaThailandPacificOceanMississippiMt.Qomolangma表示團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)和報(bào)刊的專有名詞ChinaDailyTsinghuaUniversitySydneyOperaHouse表示星期、月份和節(jié)日的專有名詞WednesdaySundayMarchLabourDayNationalDay由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞theNorthPoletheBund（上海外灘）

theTempleofHeaventheWhiteHousetheRiverNiletheTerracottaWarriors【中考鏈接】Which______characterdoyoulikebetter,SupermanorSpiderman?cartoon（2023.浙江嘉興）名詞所有格TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.湯姆的帽子___________孩子們的書包_____________________教師閱覽室_________________________湯姆和杰克各自的英語老師______________________男孩們的夾克_________________一個半月的假期___________________________Tom’scapchildren’sschoolbagstheteachers’reading-roomTom’sandJack’sEnglishteacherstheboys’jacketsamonthandahalf’svacation名詞所有格在一些名詞之后加’sof+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示有生命物的名詞所有格表示無生命物的名詞所有格表示有生命物的名詞所有格單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾如果沒有s，也要加’s。Ivan’shomeMary’snosewomen’ssmile名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s，詞尾只加’即可。Students’Uniontheworkers’strugglethegirls’toys表示無生命物的名詞所有格表示無生命物的所有關(guān)系多用“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。thetitleofthenovelthewindowofthehousetheendoftheroadthesubjectofthesentence有些表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命物的名詞，也可以加’s來構(gòu)成所有格。onemonth’svacationtenminutes’walkNewYork’spopulation并列名詞的所有格在并列的幾個名詞后面同時加上’s，表示物體分別屬于某人；在并列的幾個名詞的最后一個名詞后加’s，表示物體為幾個人共同擁有。LilyandLucy’sbedroomLily和Lucy共同擁有一間臥室Lily’sandLucy’sbedroomsLily和Lucy各自擁有一間臥室【中考鏈接】Lilyisafriendof______.A.Mary'smother's B.Mary'smother'sofC.Marymother's D.mother'sofMaryA（2020.甘肅天水）Gostraight,______andyou’llfindasignforthetoilet.A.threeminutes’away B.threeminutes’walkC.threeminute’saway D.threeminute’swalkBThewomanoverthereis______mother.A.Lily’sandLucy’s B.Lily’sandLucyC.LilyandLucy’s D.LilyandLucyC中考真題專項(xiàng)練習(xí)—________areeasilymade,butnoteasilykept.—That’strue.Onceyoumakeone,besuretokeepit.A.

Speeches

B.

Decisions

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Promises

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Suggestions（2023.江蘇南通）CAftershewasbroughtbacktoChina,thesickgiantpandaYaYareceivedgood________inhernewhomeandgotbetter.A.education B.communication C.entertainment D.treatmentD（2023.江蘇常州）—Howdidyoufixupthemachine,dad?—It’seasy.Ijustfollowedthe________.A.instructions B.inventions C.interviews D.influencesA（2023.湖北十堰）—Whichmoviedoyouliketowatch,Tracy?—Um...,it’shardtomakea________.A.survey B.choice C.callD.wish（2023.四川遂寧）BScientistswhoarefullof______alwayscomeupwithnewi