動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)選修7Unit2市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎課件

Unit2Robots——Grammar動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)1/28一、RevisethePassiveVoice

主動語態(tài)（theactivevoice）被動語態(tài)（thepassivevoice）如：①Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主動語態(tài))

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作執(zhí)行者;

②Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被動語態(tài))

被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作承受者。2/28ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.主被動語態(tài)轉換：Tombrokethewindow.3/28如：我故鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大改變。不能說：Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.通常只有及物動詞（組）才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞沒有。4/28現(xiàn)在時過去時未來時普通式______given___

______given__________進行式__________

given______

_________

given完成式_________

given

_________given___________時式常見主被動時態(tài)改變一覽表was

givengivenamisareambeingisbeingarebeinghasbeenhavebeenwerewasbeingwerebeinghadbeenshallbewillbeshall/willhavebeen5/281.復習動詞不定式主動被動結構普通式進行式完成式主動todotobedoingtohavedone被動tobedoneto

have

been

done6/281.Thedam_____bytheyear,willbenefitthewholecountry.A.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompletedD

2.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_____intoconsideration.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetakenB

7/282.動詞不定式被動語態(tài)在句子中作用1)做主語（慣用it做形式主語）

Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀請參加這個亞運會開幕式，是一大榮幸。

2)做表語

ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,這種新藥將在500個過分肥胖人上進行試驗。Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby….ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.Thenewdrugistobetestedoutonthe500overweightpeoplenextyear.8/283)做賓語

Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.這位職員不希望被她用戶嘲笑。Theclerkwouldn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers4)做賓語補足語

Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.

這個殘疾孩子希望由這個主建筑師來設計這座

電影院。Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.9/285）做定語

Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!

英國人對即將在倫敦舉行奧運會感到驕傲。TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.6）做狀語

AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他慌忙趕到訂票處（bookingoffice）卻被通知全部票都賣完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.10/283.在以下情況中用不定式主動形式表示被動意思。

1)不定式作后置定語，與被修飾名詞或代詞組成邏輯上動賓關系，但又與該句主語（或另一名

詞/代詞）組成邏輯上主謂關系時,

Hehasnothingtoeat.

分析：eat動→nothing賓/he主→eat謂

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.

分析：_____動→________賓/_____主→_____謂

這個優(yōu)雅女人有事情要宣告。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.11/28★比較：

Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打?。篒willtypetheletter)

Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.

(意思為：Igetsb.totypetheletter)

1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Doyouhaveanyclothes____________(wash),

sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意：若句子主語并非不定式邏輯主語時，不定式則必須用被動式。12/283.在以下情況中用不定式主動形式表示被動意思。

2)在“主語+表語（形容詞）todo”中，主語也是

不定式邏輯賓語,即不定式動詞和主語之間是

動賓關系。

Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.

（分析：answer(動)------thisquestion（賓））

★

注意：

假如動詞為不及物動詞，則要注意介詞搭配。

Johnisdifficulttodealwith.

（分析：_________(動)----________(賓)）如：這扶手椅坐起來很舒適。這題目極難算出來。dealwithJohnThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout13/28慣用形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous3).在“too…todo;enough…to…”結構中。如：這個問題太難了算不出來。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．這房子夠大能住下。Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.14/284).

Therebe結構中，用不定式主動和被

動式來修飾主語，區(qū)分不大。

Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.

(多用主動形式)

沒有什么可擔心。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.15/285).在“with+n+todo”結構中。比如：

沒有事情要做，他就躺在被窩里。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．因為有太多練習要做，我不能幫你忙。Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tdoafavorforyou.6).一些作表語用不定式主動形式。常見這類動詞有l(wèi)et(出租),rent，

hire,blame等。房子出租。Thehouseistolet．

我以為我應該被責罵。IfeltIwastoblame.16/287)．有些動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞，當它們和well，badly，easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內在品質或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.Thenewproductsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.17/288)．感官系動詞普通用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等。

①—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes，itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.②Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.③Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.18/289).動詞need,require,want,和beworth后加v-ing主動形式表被動意義。Mywatchdoesn'twork;itneedsrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.19/28need/require/wantdoing=need/require/wanttobedone

Mywatchdoesn'twork;itneedsrepairing.=itneedstoberepaired.20/2821/281.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputer

to____________(repair).2.Iknewhim___________________(catch)by

thepolice.3.Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes.5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine).6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentomaketohavestolentobefined練習22/287.Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________.(read)12.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas.13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking.totranslatetobewelcomedhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingtobereceivednottodrive23/2814.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak).15.Ithappened______________(rain)whenIgotthere.16.Iamterriblysorry___________(lose)yourkey.17.Iamsorry__________(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.18.Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded.19.Whathehopedwas______________(admit)intotheuniversity20.Hegottothestationonly________(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout.21.Iamsorry________________(keep)youwaitingsolong.tospeaktoberainingtohavelosttosaytobesenttobeadmittedtofindtohavekept24/2822.Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_________(explain)whathehadlearnt.23.Myadvisorencouragedme_________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.24.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen______________(hear),butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.25.Thefluisbelieved_____________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.26.Heseems____________________（punish)

byhisteacheryesterday.27.__________(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.28.Hewastoofrightened_____(say)anything.toexplaintotaketohaveheardtobecausedtohavebeenpunishedTosavetosay25/2829.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom______