北京卷03-2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷（解析版）

2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷三（北京卷）本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)100分鐘考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：學(xué)問運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5份，共15份）閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。(2023屆北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)高三一模)Ithadbeenaninterestingsoccermatch.Jerrywassoabsorbedinitthateveryone____1____hispassionforsports.Healsodevelopeda____2____attitudetowardsacquiringsuchasocceruniform.Whateverhedesires,heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.“Mom,Iwantasocceruniform,hebeggedhismother.“OK,”saidhismother,“butyouneedtohave___3___.”Thedayspassedby,buthegotno___4___fromhisparents.Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.However,Jerrynevergaveuphisidea.Hekeptthinkinghowtoachieveitasearlyaspossible.Asparklingideastruckhismind.Hecould___5___oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawandscolded(責(zé)怪)?Thoughanxious,hefinallymadeuphismind.HedrewacirclewiththehelpofabowlandmodifiedthesoccerimageontotheT-shirt.Healsotook___6___toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit.Itwasaremarkablepieceofwork.“Jerry!Whatareyoudoing?”hismothersuddenlyappeared.“Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,Ithought.”Hewas___7___tofacehismother.Butoutofhisexpectation,hismother____8____himforhisworkignoringthemistake.ShedidnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.“It’sOK,”saidMom.“Ifwehadfulfilledyoureverywant,yourinborn____9____wouldhavebeenhidden.Youwouldn’thavethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.Thataddstoyour_____10_____toachieveyourgoal,”shesaid.“Thankyou,Mom.”Heranplayfully.1.A.controlled B.sensed C.supported D.expected2.A.thirsty B.realistic C.cautious D.selfish3.A.confidence B.motivation C.inspiration D.patience4.A.decision B.response C.judgment D.recognition5.A.purchase B.exchange C.paint D.sew6.A.interest B.energy C.courage D.care7.A.eager B.surprised C.afraid D.relieved8.A.appreciated B.blamed C.rewarded D.thanked9.A.taste B.fondness C.talent D.fear10.A.willpower B.honesty C.responsibility D.tolerance【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C6.D7.C8.A9.C10.A【解析】本位為一篇記敘文。敘述了Jerry寵愛足球競(jìng)賽，因此想要得到一件足球服，但是媽媽答應(yīng)他后，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間都沒有兌現(xiàn)，因此他就在一件T恤上畫畫來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)自己的足球服。被媽媽發(fā)覺了，媽媽夸獎(jiǎng)了他為此付出的努力。1考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他如此沉醉于競(jìng)賽，以至于每個(gè)人都感受到了他對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的寵愛。A.controlled把握；B.sensed感受到；C.supported支持；D.expected期望。依據(jù)前文“Jerrywassoabsorbedinit”可知，Jerry如此沉醉于這次競(jìng)賽，因此四周的人都感受到了他對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的寵愛，故選B。2考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他也渴望得到一件足球服。A.thirsty渴望的；B.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的，真實(shí)的；C.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的，當(dāng)心的；D.selfish自私的。依據(jù)前文“hispassionforsports”可知，他寵愛運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此他對(duì)得到一件足球服產(chǎn)生了渴望的態(tài)度，故選A。3考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她媽媽說(shuō)道：“好的，但是你需要有急躁”。A.confidence信念；B.motivation動(dòng)力；C.inspiration靈感，鼓舞；D.patience急躁。依據(jù)前文“Whateverhedesires,heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.”可知，無(wú)論他想要什么，都會(huì)讓父母馬上給他買，故此處他媽媽答應(yīng)給他買球服，但要求他要有急躁，故選D。4考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是幾天過去了，他的父母沒有任何回應(yīng)。A.decision打算；B.response回應(yīng)；C.judgement評(píng)論，推斷；D.recognition辨認(rèn)，識(shí)別。依據(jù)后文“Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.”可知，他的幻想好像要破滅了，故此處表示沒有從父母那里得到任何回應(yīng)，故選B。5考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他可以在他的一件T恤上畫，畫出一件球服，但是他又擔(dān)憂媽媽看到會(huì)責(zé)怪他。A.purchase購(gòu)買；B.exchange交換；C.paint畫畫；D.sew縫。依據(jù)后文““Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,Ithought.””的提示可知，此處表示他可以自己在一件T恤上作畫，故選C。6考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他也很當(dāng)心地避開顏色染到另一面。A.interest愛好；B.energy能量；C.courage士氣；D.care當(dāng)心，護(hù)理。依據(jù)空后“toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit.”可知，此處指他很當(dāng)心地作畫，故選D。7考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他不敢面對(duì)他的媽媽。A.eager渴望的；B.surprised驚異的；C.afraid可怕的；D.relieved如釋重負(fù)的。依據(jù)前文“Hecould___5___oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawandscolded(責(zé)怪)?”可知，他擔(dān)憂他的母親會(huì)責(zé)怪他，故此處表示他可怕面對(duì)他的母親，故選C。8考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是出乎意料的是，他的母親嘉獎(jiǎng)了他，且沒有在意這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。A.appreciated觀賞，感謝；B.blamed責(zé)怪；C.rewarded嘉獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)賞；D.thanked感謝。依據(jù)后文“ShedidnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.”可知，她很觀賞兒子在T恤上畫畫的這個(gè)想法，故選A。9考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：假如我們完全滿足了你想要的一切，你內(nèi)在的天賦就會(huì)被埋沒。A.taste品嘗；B.fondness寵愛；C.talent天賦；D.fear可怕。依據(jù)空后的“wouldhavebeenhidden”可知，此處指天賦會(huì)被埋沒，故選C。10考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這也就增加了你實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的毅力。A.willpower毅力，意志力；B.honesty誠(chéng)懇；C.responsibility責(zé)任；D.tolerance急躁，忍耐力。依據(jù)前文“Youwouldn’thavethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.”可知，此處指這些事就增加了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的毅力，故選A。其次節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分,共15分）(2023屆北京市房山區(qū)高三一模)A閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIwassevenyearsold,Icaughtacoldandhadtostayathome.Myparentshadtowork,somyneighborcameovertolookafterme.Shereadmanydifferentbookstome____11____(patient),includingadventuressetinancienttimes,travelstories,familydramas,historicalnovels,etc.Tomyjoy,____12____(listen)toeachbookmademefeellikewatchingamovie,butbetterbecausebooksgavemuchmoredetailsthanmovies.Shestartedmyinterestinreading.Nextyear,aftergraduatingfromcollege,I____13____(have)ajobteachingEnglish.IhopethatIcantransfertheloveofreadingtomystudents.【答案】11.patiently12.listening13.willhave##amgoingtohave【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者小時(shí)候，鄰居激發(fā)了作者的閱讀愛好。11考查副詞。句意：她急躁地給我讀了很多不同的書，包括古代冒險(xiǎn)故事、旅行故事、家庭劇、歷史小說(shuō)等。修飾動(dòng)詞，用副詞形式。故填patiently。12考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：讓我興奮的是，每聽一本書都讓我感覺像在看電影，但更好，由于書比電影供應(yīng)了更多的細(xì)節(jié)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。故填listening。13考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：明年，高校畢業(yè)后，我將有一份教英語(yǔ)的工作。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Nextyear可知，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故填willhave/amgoingtohave。B閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。BeijingOlympicPark,also____14____(know)astheOlympicGreen,islocatedinChaoyangDistrict,Beijing,withatotallandareaof11.59squarekilometers.ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”isthecenterpieceofthepark,____15____theopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerehosted.TheNationalAquaticsCenteror“WaterCube”hostedtheswimming,divingandsynchronizedswimmingevents.Itwastransformed____16____the“IceCube”forthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicandParalympicGames,anddetachablecurlingtrackswerebuiltontheswimmingpooltohostcurlingevents.【答案】14.known15.where16.into##to【解析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了北京奧林匹克公園。14考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：北京奧林匹克公園，又稱奧林匹克公園，位于北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)，總土地面積11.59平方公里。依據(jù)句子分析可知，此處作定語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)BeijingOlympicPark與know之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填known。15考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：有名的國(guó)家體育館或者“鳥巢”是公園的中心，在這里舉辦了2022年北京冬奧會(huì)的開幕式和閉幕式。依據(jù)句子分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。16考查介詞。句意：為2022年北京冬奧會(huì)和殘運(yùn)會(huì)，將它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建筑了可拆卸的冰壺跑道，以舉辦冰壺競(jìng)賽。依據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，表達(dá)為betransformedinto/to。故填into/to。C閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WorldEnvironmentDay(WED)isadayweallneedtoputinour____17____(diary).IthappensonJune5everyyearandshouldbeoneofthemostimportantdaysoftheholidaycalendar.WED____18____(create)in1972bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theenvironmentwasn’tsuchabigissuebackthen.Butitisoneofthehottesttopicsintheworldtoday.WEDhelpsraiseworldwideawarenessofthethreatstoourenvironment.____19____peoplecandothatdayistostartchanginglifestylestoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Manyenvironmentalagenciesorganizeeventsbasedondifferentthemeseachyear.Theseeventsencouragebothgovernmentsandlocalcommunitiestoworktogether____20____(handle)environmentalproblems.【答案】17.diaries18.wascreated19.What20.tohandle【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了世界環(huán)境日。17考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：世界環(huán)境日是我們每個(gè)人都需要記在日記里的一天。名詞diary為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)形容詞性物主代詞our可知，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填diaries。18考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：世界環(huán)境日由聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)于1972年創(chuàng)立。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in1972可知，用一般過去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)WED是單數(shù)，與create之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wascreated。19考查名詞性從句。句意：人們?cè)谶@一天能做的就是開頭轉(zhuǎn)變生活方式來(lái)削減碳腳印?????。本句為主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，指物，所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填What。20考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些活動(dòng)鼓舞政府和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)共同努力解決環(huán)境問題。句中用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tohandle。其次部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A（2023屆北京市東城區(qū)高三一模）Everyyear,young,talented,andambitiousnatureconservationistsfromallovertheworldshoottheirshotfortheFutureForNature(FFN)Award,anhonorableinternationalaward.TheFutureForNatureaimsto:·Rewardandfundindividualsfortheiroutstandingeffortsintheprotectionofspeciesofwildanimalsandplants.·Stimulateawardwinnerstosustaintheirdedicatedwork.·Helpwinnerstoraisetheirprofile,extendtheirprofessionalnetworkandstrengthentheirfundingbasis.Benefits·Thewinnerseachreceive50,000eurosandmaymaketheirowndecisiontospendthemoneyintheserviceofnatureconservation.·FFNoffersthewinnersaplatformandbringstheirstoriestotheattentionofconservationists,financiersandawideaudience,allowingthemtoincreasetheirimpactandgainmoreaccesstofunds.·FFNisbuildingagrowingfamilyofwinners,dedicatedpeoplewhoformacommunityofpeoplewiththesameinterest.FFNoffersthemtheopportunitytomeeteachotherandcontinuetolearnwitheachotherinordertocontinuetheirfightfornatureasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossible.QualificationsThecandidate：·Mustbebornonorafterthe31stMay1988andbeforethe31stMay2005.·Isabletoexplainhis/herconservationworkinfluentEnglish(writtenandspoken)·Hasachievedsubstantialandlong-termbenefitstotheconservationstatusofoneormoreanimalorplantspecies.·Mustbedeterminedtocontinuehis/herconservationwork,astheawardaimstostimulatethewinner’sfuturework.Itisnotan“endofcareer”prize.AdditionalRemarksForthe2023FutureForNatureAward,weareagainsearchingfornaturalleaders,whohaveproventhattheycanmakeadifferenceinspecies’survival.Fromallapplications,6to10nominees(被提名者)willbeselected.Theseapplicantswillbeaskedtoprovideadditionalinformation,whichwillbeusedtoselectthefinalawardees.Ultimately,threeinspiringwildlifeheroesareselectedasthewinners.ApplicationProcess:ApplyonlinethroughtheApplyNowlink.ApplicationDeadline:May1st,2023.21.WhichisoneoftheaimsoftheFutureForNature?A.Toaidmoregreengroups. B.Tofundacademiceducation.C.Toinspireconservationefforts. D.Toraiseenvironmentalawareness.22.Thewinnerswillgetthechanceto________.A.consulttopspecialists B.meetlike-mindedpeopleC.benefitthelocalcommunity D.promoteself-createdplatforms23.Toapplyforthe2023FutureForNatureAward,candidatesmust________.A.meettheagerequirement B.applyviamailbythedeadlineC.turnintheapplicationinEnglish D.provideadditionalpersonalinformation【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹自然的將來(lái)獎(jiǎng)(FFN)的目的，好處，資格和申請(qǐng)候選人等相關(guān)信息。21細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheFutureForNatureaimsto:中的“·Rewardandfundindividualsfortheiroutstandingeffortsintheprotectionofspeciesofwildanimalsandplants.(嘉獎(jiǎng)和資助在愛護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物物種方面做出突出努力的個(gè)人)”和“·Stimulateawardwinnerstosustaintheirdedicatedwork.(激勵(lì)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)弑３炙麄兊木礃I(yè)精神)”可知，F(xiàn)FN的目標(biāo)之一是激勵(lì)愛護(hù)工作，故選C。22細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheFutureForNatureaimsto:中的“·FFNisbuildingagrowingfamilyofwinners,dedicatedpeoplewhoformacommunityofpeoplewiththesameinterest.FFNoffersthemtheopportunitytomeeteachotherandcontinuetolearnwitheachotherinordertocontinuetheirfightfornatureasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossible.(FFN正在建立一個(gè)不斷壯大的贏家家庭，由具有相同愛好的人組成一個(gè)社區(qū)。FFN為他們供應(yīng)了彼此見面的機(jī)會(huì)，并連續(xù)相互學(xué)習(xí)，以便盡可能高效和有效地連續(xù)為自然而戰(zhàn))”可知，獲勝者將有機(jī)會(huì)生疏志同道合的人。故選B。23細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)小標(biāo)題Qualifications中的“Thecandidate:·Mustbebornonorafterthe31stMay1988andbeforethe31stMay2005.(候選人：1988年5月31日或之后，2005年5月31日之前誕生)”可知，要申請(qǐng)2023年自然將來(lái)獎(jiǎng)，候選人必需符合年齡要求。故選A。B(2023屆北京市石景山區(qū)高三一模)Imagineasimplebloodtestthatcouldflagmostkindsofcancersattheearliest,mostcurablestage.Liquidbiopsiescould,intheory,detectatumor(腫瘤)wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.Bloodtestscouldavoidtheneedforsurgeonstocuttissuesamplesandmakeitpossibletorevealcancerhidinginplacesneedlesandscalpelscannotsafelyreach.Theycouldalsodeterminewhattypeofcanceristakingroottohelpdoctorsdecidewhattreatmentmightworkbesttodestroyit.Liquidbiopsiesarenotyetinhand,becauseitishardtofinddefinitivecancersignalsinatubeofblood,butprogressinrecentyearshasbeenimpressive.LastyearthejournalSciencepublishedthefirstbigprospectivestudyofaliquidbiopsyforDNAandproteinsfrommultipletypesofcancers.Thoughfarfromperfect,thebloodtestcalledCancerSEEKfound26tumorsthathadnotbeendiscoveredwithconventionalscreenings.LiquidbiopsiescanrelyonavarietyofbiomarkersinadditiontotumorDNAandproteins,suchasfree-floatingcancercellsthemselves.Butwhatmakesthesearchdifficult,AnaRobles,acancerbiologistoftheNationalCancerInstitute,explains,isthat“ifyouhaveanearly-stagecancerorcertaintypesofcancer,theremightnotbealotoftumorDNA,”andtestsmightmissit.Theidealbloodtestwillbebothveryspecificandverysensitivesothateventinytumorscanbefound.Totacklethischallenge,CancerSEEKlooksforcancer-specificmutations(突變)on16genes,andforeightproteinsthatarelinkedtocancerandforwhichtherearehighlysensitivetests.Simpledetectionisnottheonlygoal.Anidealliquidbiopsywillalsodeterminethelikelylocationofthecancersothatitcanbetreated.“Mutationsareoftensharedamongdifferentkindsofcancer,soifyoufindtheminblood,youdon’tknowifthatmutationiscomingfromastomachcancerorlungcancer,”saysAnirbanMaitra,acancerscientistattheAndersonCancerCenter.Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookforchangesingeneexpression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific”.Onthenearerhorizonareliquidbiopsiestohelppeoplealreadydiagnosedwithcancer.Lastyearthegovernmentapprovedthefirsttwosuchtests,whichscanfortumorDNAsodoctorscanselectmutation-targeteddrugs.Scientistsareworkingonbloodteststodetectthefirstsignsofcancerrecurrence(復(fù)發(fā))inpatientswhohavecompletedtreatment.Thisworkismovingfast,butdoesitsavelives?ThatisthequestioncompaniessuchasThriveandGrailmustanswerfortheirbroadlyambitiousscreeningtests.“Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncanhaveanimpactoncancersurvival,”Maitraobserves.24.Accordingtothepassage,liquidbiopsiesareexpectedtoA.flagcanceranddeterminethetreatmentB.detectcancersignalsfromasampleofbloodC.takeimagesoftumorsandpreventpotentialcancersD.showtypesofcancerbymeasuringtheamountofproteins25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Signsofcancerrecurrencearenotdetectable.B.Differentkindsofcancerhavedifferentgenemutations.C.BiomarkersaremuchmorereliablethantumorDNAandproteins.D.Organ-specificcancerswillbeidentifiedthroughchangesingeneexpression.26.Theauthorismostlyconcernedaboutwhether.A.liquidbiopsiescandiscovertumorsconventionalscreeningscan’tfindB.liquidbiopsiescanimprovetheapplicationofmutation-targeteddrugsC.liquidbiopsiescanhelpsavethelivesofthosewithcancerD.liquidbiopsiescanbedevelopedforcancerprevention【答案】24.B24.D26.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了液體活檢檢測(cè)腫瘤的爭(zhēng)辯以及目前存在的一些不足之處。24細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“Liquidbiopsiescould,intheory,detectatumor(腫瘤)wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.(理論上，液體活檢可以通過觸摸、癥狀或成像能發(fā)覺之前檢測(cè)出腫瘤)”可知，液體活檢，如血樣能夠檢測(cè)出腫瘤。故選B項(xiàng)。25推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段后二句“Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookforchangesingeneexpression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific”.(為了解決這個(gè)問題，一些新的液體活檢查找基因表達(dá)的變化。Maitra指出，這種變化“更具器官特異性”)”可推想出，器官特異性的腫瘤將能通過基因表達(dá)上的變化被識(shí)別出。故選D項(xiàng)。26推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段最終一句““Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncanhaveanimpactoncancersurvival,”Maitraobserves.(“這些公司必需證明他們能夠檢測(cè)到早期癌癥，更重要的是，早期檢測(cè)可以對(duì)癌癥生存率產(chǎn)生影響?！盡aitra說(shuō)道。)”推知，作者關(guān)懷的是液體活檢是否有助于挽救癌癥患者的生命。故選C項(xiàng)。C(2023屆北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三一模)Clownfishlivetheiradultlivesintheprotectivearmsofseaanemones,thesmallbrightlycoloredseaanimalsattachedontorockstohouseclownfish.Betweenbirthandadulthood,however,thefishhavetocompleteatreacherousjourney.Afterhatching,theyswimouttotheopenseatofinishdeveloping.Aftermaturing,theyoungfishswimback,duringwhichtheyhavetoavoida“wallofmouths”bysensingtheunfriendlysmells.Withoceanacidification,atrendthatisoccurringworldwide,scientistsbegantowonderwhatmighthappentofish’ssenseofsmell.Myteamput300recentlyhatchedclownfishinourlab.Whenweintroducedafriendlyfishodor(氣味),theydidnotreact.Butwhenweintroducedanenemyodor,theyswamaway.Wethenrepeatedtheexperimentwith300newhatchlingsfromthesameparentsinthemoreacidicwater-alevelwecanexpectbytheyear2100ifcurrenttrendscontinue.Whenweintroducedfriendlyandunfriendlysmellsatthesametime,thefishseemedunabletomakeuptheirminds,spendingequaltimeswimmingtowardonesmellandtheother.Theycouldsensechemicalsignalsbutcouldn’trecognizethemeaningofthem.Itisalwaystrickytosaythatbehaviorsseeninalabwouldalsobeseeninthewild.SowewenttoasandylakenearoneoftheGreatBarrierReef’snorthernislandstotesthowwild-caughtdamselfishwouldreacttoenemysmellsafterexposingthemtoacidicwater.Inatank,abouthalfofthemheldinwaterwithacidityexpectedby2050wereattractedtotheunfriendlyodorandhalfwerenot,yetnotoneheldinwateranticipatedby2100avoidedbeingattractedtotheenemyodor.Wethenletthemarkeddamselfishlooseinthelake.Thefishonceheldinthemostacidicwaterswamfartherawayfromtheirprotectivehome.Canfishadapt?Moststudieshavehabituatedfishtoliftedacidicconditionsoverafewdaysormonths-anextremelyshortlengthoftime.Theanimalsarenotgivenarealisticopportunitytoadapt.Yetsomescientiststhoughtthatfishmightescapetheangerofoceanacidification,inpartbecauseearlyresearchdoneinthe1980sshowedthatcertainanimalshadanastonishingabilitytoregulatetheirinternalchemistrytosurviveacidifiedwater.Butmaintainingnormalfunctionssuchasavoidingdangerisadifferentchallenge.Ataminimum,confusioncouldplaceyetanotherstressoronfishalreadychallengedbyrisingwatertemperatures,overfishing,etc.Further,ifmanyoceancreaturesstarttobehavestrangely,entirefoodwebsandecosystemscouldcomecrashingdown.Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish’sminds.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“treacherous”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Risky. B.Hurried.C.Mysterious. D.Helpless.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefishintheacidicwater?A.Theylosttheirsensestochemicalsignals.B.Theywerelesslikelytorespondtothreats.C.Theirbehaviorinthelabdisappearedinthewild.D.Theytendedtoseektheprotectionfromtheirhome.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theauthor’sstudyconfirmspreviousfindings.B.Fish’sadaptationtoacidicwaterisamatteroftime.C.Differentfishesbehavedifferentlytoaciditychange.D.Thechancesofrestoringfish’smindsareyettobeseen.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatDoDifferentStressorsDotoOceanCreatures?B.WhatDoesOceanAcidityMeantoOceanCreatures?C.HowDoesOceanAcidificationDestroytheEcosystem?D.HowDoOceanCreaturesAdapttoOceanAcidification?【答案】27.A28.B29.D30.B【解析】本文是篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過科研團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)小丑魚和小熱帶魚的試驗(yàn)和爭(zhēng)辯，說(shuō)明白海洋酸化正在攪亂海洋生物的思維，對(duì)它們產(chǎn)生了較大的影響。27詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第一段“Afterhatching,theyswimouttotheopenseatofinishdeveloping.Aftermaturing,theyoungfishswimback,duringwhichtheyhavetoavoida“wallofmouths”bysensingtheunfriendlysmells.”（孵化后，它們游到大海中完成發(fā)育。成年后，幼魚會(huì)游回來(lái)，在此期間，它們必需通過感知不友好的氣味來(lái)避開“口墻”。）可知，小丑魚誕生后要獨(dú)自去大海中生活，成年后才能回來(lái)，這期間隨時(shí)都有被其他生物吃掉的可能，有著較大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可謂是一場(chǎng)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的旅程。故劃線詞“treacherous”表示“有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的”。故選A。28細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Whenweintroducedfriendlyandunfriendlysmellsatthesametime,thefishseemedunabletomakeuptheirminds,spendingequaltimeswimmingtowardonesmellandtheother.Theycouldsensechemicalsignalsbutcouldn’trecognizethemeaningofthem.”（當(dāng)我們同時(shí)引入友好和不友好的氣味時(shí)，魚好像無(wú)法下定決心，花同樣的時(shí)間游向一種氣味和另一種氣味。他們可以感知化學(xué)信號(hào)，但不能識(shí)別它們的意義。）可知，魚在酸性水中，不太能識(shí)別不友好的具有威逼性的氣味。故選B。29推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Butmaintainingnormalfunctionssuchasavoidingdangerisadifferentchallenge.”（但維持正常功能，如避開危急則是另一種挑戰(zhàn)。）和最終一段“Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish’sminds.”（雖然這門科學(xué)還是新興的，但結(jié)果好像是全都的：海洋酸化正在擾亂魚類的思維。）可知，海洋酸化正在擾亂魚的思維，使魚很難避開危急，所以恢復(fù)魚的思維的可能性還有待觀看。故選D。30主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段“Withoceanacidification,atrendthatisoccurringworldwide,scientistsbegantowonderwhatmighthappentofish’ssenseofsmell.”（隨著全球范圍內(nèi)海洋酸化的趨勢(shì)，科學(xué)家們開頭想知道魚類的嗅覺會(huì)發(fā)生什么。）和最終一段“Althoughthescienceisstillnew,theresultsappeartobeliningup:oceanacidificationismessingwithfish’sminds.”（雖然這門科學(xué)還是新興的，但結(jié)果好像是全都的：海洋酸化正在擾亂魚類的思維。）及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要敘述了海洋酸化對(duì)海洋生物產(chǎn)生的影響。故選B。D(2022屆北京市順義區(qū)高三一模)Theideaofunpluggedrunningisgainingsteaminthefitnesscommunity,asrecentstudiesshowthatbeingaddictedtotrackingfitnessmetricscanleadtonegativemindsetsandoutcomes.EoinWhelan,aseniorlecturerinbusinessinformationsystemsattheNationalUniversityofIrelandGalway,exploresthepsychologybehindengagementwithsocialmediaandfitnesstrackingapps.“Peoplearegettingmoreenjoymentoutofgatheringthedataandanalyzingthatandsharingitwithotherpeople”,WhelantoldCNN,addingthatthereisabigelementofsocialcomparisonforthosewhousefitnesstrackingapps.“Peoplewillcomparethemselvestopeoplewhoarebetterthanthem,whoarerunningfasterorrunninglonger.Andultimatelyweknowthatmakesthemfeelbad.”Whelanalsonotedthatpeoplewhoareveryreliantonsmartwatches.fitnesstrackersorfitnessappsaremorelikelytoskiptheirworkoutifthebatteriesontheirtrackingdevicesaredead.It’slikewecan’tinterpretourownbodysignals.Wearebecomingverydependentonthetechnologytoactuallydothatforus.Whenyouasksomeoftheathletesasimplequestionlike“howdidyousleeplastnight?”theycan’tanswerunlesstheylookatthedata.Otherresearchesshowthattoomuchscreentime,includinglookingatoursmartwatchorfitnessapps,hasnegativeimpactsonmentalhealth.Theinformationpeoplegatherfromsmartwatchesandworkouttrackingappscancontributeto“informationoverload”problems.Havingaconstantflowofinformationduetotechnologycanleadtostress,anxiety,lossofsleep,depression,andmore.Themoreweallownotificationsandalertstobeckon(吸引)us,themorestressandanxietychemicalsarereleased,makingusonedgeandourmentalandemotionalsystemsarefloodedwithamessagethatsays,“checkmenow”.Someexpertsadvocateustocreatescreen-freezonesaswellastaking“techbreaks”,whereweseta15-or30-timerduringwhichwedon’tcheckourphone.Thetimelimittellsourbrainthatwecancheckthephonesoonandreducestheanxietyoffeelingwehavetocheckinallthetime.Runningwatch-freeisbeneficialformorethanjustthecasualjoggerorweekendwarrior.Someprofessionalsalsohavehadsuccesswithleavingtheirwatchesathome.WelshrunnerSteveJonesfamouslysetaworldrecordatthe1984ChicagoMarathonwithoutwearingawatch.Helatertoldjournalistshedidn'tevenknowhewasonworldrecord-paceuntilhecrossedthefinishline.It’snotallnegative,though.Otherstudiesshowtherearemanyupsidestousingfitnesstrackers.Whenusingthesetechnologies,somepeopletendtoexerciseforlongerandatahigherintensityaswell,whichisallgoodfortheirphysicalwell-being.Soditchingthedatamightnotbebestforeveryone.31.AccordingtoWhelan,whydopeopleinvolvethemselvesinfitnesstrackingapps?A.Becausetheyfailtointerprettheirownbodysignals.B.Becausetheywanttolearnfromthosewhoexercisebetter.C.Becausetheyskipworkoutwhentheirbatteriesrunout.D.Becausetheygainsatisfactionwhentheyseethedata.32.Whatcould“techbreaks”doforus,accordingtoWhelan?A.Theyenableourmindtorelaxforawhile. B.Theyallowustocheckourphoneatanytime.C.Theyexposeourmindtocrowdedinformation. D.Theyreleaseanxietychemicalsaffectingus.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ditching”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Tracking. B.Abandoning. C.Analyzing. D.Collecting.34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Runningwatch-freegivespeoplemoremotivation.B.Professionalrunnersdonotwearawatchwhiletraining.C.Informationoverloadhasbadeffectsonourmentalhealth.D.Thesetbacksofrunningwatch-freeoutweighthebenefits.【答案】31.D32.A33.B34.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了最近的爭(zhēng)辯表明，沉迷于跟蹤健身指標(biāo)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致消極的心態(tài)和結(jié)果。31細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Peoplearegettingmoreenjoymentoutofgatheringthedataandanalyzingthatandsharingitwithotherpeople（人們從收集數(shù)據(jù)，分析數(shù)據(jù)并與他人共享中獲得了更多樂趣）”可知，人們?cè)诔撩杂诟櫧∩碇笜?biāo)應(yīng)用軟件中獲得了更多的樂趣，得到了滿足感。故選D。32細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Thetimelimittellsourbrainthatwecancheckthephonesoonandreducestheanxietyoffeelingwehavetocheckinallthetime（這個(gè)時(shí)間限制告知我們的大腦，我們可以很快查看手機(jī)并且削減我們始終看手機(jī)的焦慮感）”可知，techbreaks可以讓我們削減焦慮感，從而讓大腦休息。故選A。33詞義猜想題。依據(jù)“Otherstudiesshowtherearemanyupsidestousingfitnesstrackers（其他爭(zhēng)辯表明使用健康跟蹤軟件有很多好處）”可猜想ditchingthedatamightnotbebestforeveryone意思是“拋棄數(shù)據(jù)可能不是對(duì)每個(gè)人都是最好的”，故ditching意為“拋棄”，A.Tracking追蹤；B.Abandoning拋棄；C.Analyzing分析；D.Collecting收集。故選B。34推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“Havingaconstantflowofinformationduetotechnologycanleadtostress,anxiety,lossofsleep,depression,andmore（由于科技而不斷地看信息可能導(dǎo)致壓力，焦慮，失眠，抑郁以及更多）”可推斷出，過多的信息對(duì)我們的精神健康有害。故選C。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2023屆北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模)Onceuponatime,wewereallquestion-askingexperts.Westartedaskingourparentsnumerousquestionsaskids.Bypreschool,ourinquiriesevenreachedthedepthsofscience,philosophy,andthesocialorder.Wheredoesthesungoatnight?Whydoesn’tthatmanhaveahomelikewedo?Whydorockssinkbuticefloats?____35____Whydoesthechild’surgetoaskquestionsgrowinactiveinsomanyadults?Animportantfactorishowthesocialenvironmentssurroundinguschangeasweage.Schoolstransformfromaplaceforaskingquestionstoonefundedbyourabilitytoanswerthem.____36____Andwerecognizethatsocietyrewardsthepeoplewhoproposetohavetheanswers.____37____Wecanbebraveraboutaskingquestionsinpublicandencouragingotherstopursuetheircuriosity,too.Inthatencouragement,wehelpcreateanenvironmentwherethosearoundusfeelsafetoaskquestions.Whenitcomestohowwephrasequestions,weareadvisedtoopenwit