2016年06月四級(jí)真題第3套

淘寶店鋪：光速考研工作室機(jī)密*啟用前大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2016年6月第3套)試題冊(cè)敬告考生一、在答題前，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容:1.請(qǐng)檢查試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問(wèn)題及時(shí)向監(jiān)考員反映，確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后完成以下兩點(diǎn)要求。2.請(qǐng)將試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試題冊(cè)背面相應(yīng)位置。3.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對(duì)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑。二、在考試過(guò)程中，請(qǐng)注意以下內(nèi)容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊(cè)上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無(wú)效。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)谝?guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽(tīng)力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊(cè)。聽(tīng)力錄音播放完畢后，請(qǐng)立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊(cè)背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯(cuò)選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時(shí)必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時(shí)須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(xiě)(涂)個(gè)人信息，錯(cuò)貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊(cè)、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無(wú)法評(píng)卷。4.考試期間在非聽(tīng)力考試時(shí)間佩戴耳機(jī)。全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)

PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstoyourparentsoranyotherfamilymemberuponmakingamemorableachievement.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren26everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe“goodolddays”,andmostolderpeopledonotfeel27.About80％ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90％ofthemhave28contactwiththeirchildren.About75％ofelderlyparentswhodon’tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact.someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious33,theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother’scompany.Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan34causeproblems.Ifparentsareangeredbytheirdaughter’sdivorce,dislikehernewhusband.anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,35arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.A.abandonedB.advancedC.biasedD.chancesE.commitmentF.dampensG.dependentH.distantI.frequentJ.fulfillmentK.grantL.merelyM.provideN.understandablyO.unrealisticallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?A.FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions.Thecombinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernmentsandsocieties.YetI,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.B.Icannolongerignorethatrisk.Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.C.Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansuppliesaregrowing,theresultingfood.priceinflationputsseverestressonthegovernmentsofmanycountries.Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown,hungrypeopletaketothestreets.Indeed,evenbeforethesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008。thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding.Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate.Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict；todayitisfailingstates.D.Statesfailwhennationalgovernmentscannolongerprovidepersonalsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare.Whengovernmentslosetheircontrolonpowerlawandorderbegintodisintegrate.Afterapoint,countriescanbecomesodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted.Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists,drugs,weaponsandrefugees(難民)threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere.E.Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008～andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurity-hasadifferent,moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes.In1972,forinstance,theSoviets,recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket.Asaresult.wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled,pullingriceandcornpricesupwiththem.Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent.Driven-droughtintheSovietUnion.Crop-shrinkingheatintheU.S.CornBelt.Andtheriseswereshort-lived：pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest.F.Incontrast,therecentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside.thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion(轉(zhuǎn)向)ofU.S.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel.G.Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.Afourthofthisyear’sU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.H.Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends-theshortageoffreshwater.thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperatures-aremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworld’sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends.however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Thebiggestchallengehereisirrigation.whichconsumes70％oftheworld’sfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables(地下水位)incountrieswithhalftheworld’speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducers—China,IndiaandtheU.S.I.Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,China’swheatcrop,theworld’slargest,hasdeclinedby8％sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997.ButwatershortagesareevenmoreworryinginIndia.Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate.J.Astheworld’sfoodsecurityfallstopieces。individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports.inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries,buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.K.Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsupplies.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyFood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.L.Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80％fromtheir2006levelsby2020.stabilizetheworld’spopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese-thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies.M.Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate.Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetmecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1／6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget.36.Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.37.Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages.38.Ratherthansuperpowerconflict,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity.39.Somepansoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanning.40.Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseofworldcivilization.41.Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworld’sgrainproduction.42.Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworld’scurrentmilitaryspending.43.Tolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports.44.Environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage.45.Aquarterofthisyear’sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforcars.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions-includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning.mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving-startedtodullasearlyasage27.Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.Ontheotherhand.indicatorsofaperson’saccumulatedknowledge-likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge-keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople’smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.“Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone’sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,”Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(細(xì)微的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(認(rèn)知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage—relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(癡呆),accordingtotheresearchers.“Byfollowingindividualsovertime,”Salthousesaid,“wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.”Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzingthestudyparticipants’healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage.relatedcognitivechanges.46.Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?A.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.B.Itweakensinone’slateryears.C.Itgraduallyexpandswithage.D.Itindicatesone’shealthcondition47.Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?A.Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.B.Theyreachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.C.Theyarecloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalexercise.D.Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.48.WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople’smindsinmostcases?A.Theytendtodeclineinpeople’slateryears.B.Theirflexibilitydeterminesone’sabilities.C.Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.D.Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.49.Althoughpeople’smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they.A.maybebetteratsolvingpuzzlesB.canmemorizethingswithmoreeaseC.mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoningD.canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse50.AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus.A.findwaystoslowdownourmentaldeclineB.findwaystoboostourmemoriesC.understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioningD.understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealthPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand(簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě))educatorsuseforthisis“pre-K”-meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten-andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.ThefederalHeadStartprogram.launched50yearsago。hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity’sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks.butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissuesrelatedtoeducatingachild.Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn’tbefleetofamiliesabletoPay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild’sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干預(yù))works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequence