2025版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)質(zhì)量評價(jià)15Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三冊

PAGEPAGE1課時(shí)質(zhì)量評價(jià)(十五)必修第三冊UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION題型組合練——閱讀理解＋七選五＋完形填空＋應(yīng)用文寫作Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThefarsideofthemoonisastrangeandwildregion,quitedifferentfromthefamiliarandmostlysmoothfaceweseenightlyfromourplanet.Soonthisroughspacewillhaveevenstrangerfeatures:itwillbecrowdedwithradiotelescopes.Astronomersareplanningtomakethemoon'sdistantsideournewestandbestwindowonthecosmic(宇宙的)darkages,amysteriouserahidingearlymarksofstarsandgalaxies.Ouruniversewasnotalwaysfilledwithstars.About380，000yearsafterthebigbang,theuniversecooled,andthefirstatomsofhydrogenformed.Gigantichydrogencloudssoonfilledtheuniverse.Butforafewhundredmillionyears,everythingremaineddark,withoutstars.Thencamethecosmicdawn:thefirststarsflickered,galaxiescameintoexistenceandslowlytheuniverse'slarge-scalestructuretookshape.Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark-agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光學(xué)的)telescopes—therewasnolight.Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong-wavelength(orlow-frequency)radioemissions，radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.Nowmultiplespaceagenciesplanlunarmissionscarryingradio-wave-detectinginstruments—somewithinthenextthreeyears—andastronomers'dreamsaresettobecomereality.“IfIweretodesignanidealplacetodolow-frequencyradioastronomy,Iwouldhavetobuildthemoon，”saysastrophysicistJackBurnsoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulder.“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家們想要在月球背面建設(shè)射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡，以此來探究宇宙的“黑暗時(shí)代”。1.What'sthepurposeofbuildingradiotelescopesonthemoon?A.Toresearchthebigbang.B.Todiscoverunknownstars.C.Tostudythecosmicdarkages.D.Toobservethefarsideofthemoon.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，月球的背面很快將滿是射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡；而依據(jù)第四段中的“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.”可知，科學(xué)家們想在月球背面探討宇宙的“黑暗時(shí)代”。由此可以推斷，建設(shè)射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡的目的是探討宇宙的“黑暗時(shí)代”。故選C。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“probe”inParagraph3possiblymean?A.Explore. B.Evaluate.C.Produce. D.Predict.A詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Theseedsofthisstructuremusthavebeenpresentinthedark-agehydrogenclouds,buttheerahasbeenimpossibletoprobeusingoptical(光學(xué)的)telescopes—therewasnolight.”中的“therewasnolight”說明了無法運(yùn)用光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的緣由。下文“Andalthoughthishydrogenproducedlong-wavelength(orlow-frequency)radioemissions,radiotelescopesonEarthhavefounditnearlyimpossibletodetectthem.”中detect意為“探測”。前后對應(yīng)，此處probe應(yīng)表示“探測”，意思同“explore”。故選A。3.Whycan'thydrogenradioemissionsbedetectedonEarth?A.Becausetherewasnolightinthedarkages.B.Becausetheycannotpossiblygetthroughouratmosphere.C.Becausegigantichydrogencloudsnolongerfilltheuniverse.D.BecauseradiosignalsonEarthcausetoomuchinterference.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Ouratmosphereeitherblocksordisturbsthesefaintsignals;thosethatgetthrougharedrownedoutbyhumanity'sradionoise.”可知，檢測不到射電輻射的緣由是，地球上的無線電信號造成了太多的干擾。故選D。4.Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?A.Scientistshavetorebuildthemoon.B.Wewillfinallygettothemoon'sdistantside.C.Themoonisaperfectplacetosetupradiotelescopes.D.Afavourableresearchenvironmentwillbefoundonthemoon.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Scientistshavedreamedfordecadesofstudyingthecosmicdarkagesfromthemoon'sfarside.”和最終一段中的“Wearejustnowfinallygettingtotheplacewherewe'reactuallygoingtobeputtingthesetelescopesdownonthemooninthenextfewyears.”可推知，畫線部分的意思是月球是建設(shè)射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡的志向場所。故選C。BForthefirstfewmonthsof2024,Marswascrowdedwithnew“visitors”fromEarth.First,itwastheUAESpaceAgency'sHope,followedbytheChineseTianwen-1.ThenamecomesfromthelongpoemTianwen,writtenbyQuYuan,agreatpoetofancientChina.InTianwen,thisnameconveysChina'ssteadyeffortinpursuingtruthandcultureofexploringtheuniverse.TheTianwen-1roverlandinghasorbiting,landingandroving(巡察)components—thefirstmissiontoincludeallthreeonitsfirstattempt.LandingonMarsisextremelydangerous.Itrequiresenteringtheatmosphereatveryhighspeeds,thenslowingdownbeforelanding.AstoTianwen-1,aheatshield(防熱護(hù)罩)protectedthespacecraftduringthefiery(燃燒的)landing,afterwhichthemissionsafelyparachuted(使空降)downtotheUtopiaPlanitia(烏托邦平原).Thelandingplatformfiredsmall,downward-facingrocketenginestoslowdownduringthelastfewseconds.China'sMarsrover,calledZhurongafteramythicalfigureintraditionalChineseculture,sentbackimagesofthesurfaceofMarscapturedbyacameraonitsfront,whichfunctionsasan“eye”todetectbarriersandgetaroundthem.TheUtopiaPlanitia,whereTianwen-1landed,haslongbeenbelievedtocontainvastamountsofwaterice.ZhurongwillfirstandforemoststudyMartiansoilandatmosphereandsearchforsignsofwaterice,whichsuggeststheexistenceoflife.Tianwen-1isChina'sfirstinterplanetary(行星間的)mission.Meanwhile,ChinaisworkingwithRussiaonasample-returnmissionscheduledtolaunchin2024.Chinaisopenandinclusiveinthedevelopmentofitsspacetechnologytobuildacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。2024年的頭幾個(gè)月，火星上擠滿了來自地球的新“訪客”，其中有中國的“天問一號”?！疤靻栆惶枴笔侵袊氖状涡请H任務(wù)，它標(biāo)記著中國星際探究的起先。文章介紹了“天問一號”的著陸和任務(wù)等狀況。5.WhywasChina's“visitor”toMarsnamedTianwen?A.ToemphasisethevalueofexploringMars.B.Toarousereaders'interestinreadingclassics.C.Toillustratethelonghistoryofwritingpoems.D.ToshowChina'sconstantstruggleinspaceexploration.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“InTianwen,thisnameconveysChina'ssteadyeffortinpursuingtruthandcultureofexploringtheuniverse.”可知，中國火星訪客的名字之所以叫“天問”，是為了展示中國在太空探究方面的不懈努力。故選D。6.WhichofthefollowingcontributedtothesafelandingonMars?A.Theheatshieldonthespacecraft.B.ThecameraonthefrontofZhurong.C.TheflatlandscapeoftheUtopiaPlanitia.D.Therocketenginesabovethelandingplatform.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“AstoTianwen-1,aheatshield(防熱護(hù)罩)protectedthespacecraftduringthefiery(燃燒的)landing,afterwhichthemissionsafelyparachuted(使空降)downtotheUtopiaPlanitia(烏托邦平原)．”可知，防熱護(hù)罩對探測器在火星上平安著陸有幫助。故選A。7.WhatistheprimarytargetofZhurongonMars?A.Tobuildasharedfutureformankind.B.Tolookforsignsoflifeontheredplanet.C.Topushtheboundariesofspaceexploration.D.Toinformpeopleofourachievementsinspace.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“ZhurongwillfirstandforemoststudyMartiansoilandatmosphereandsearchforsignsofwaterice,whichsuggeststheexistenceoflife.”可知，“祝融號”在火星上的主要目標(biāo)是找尋生命的跡象。故選B。8.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.ChinaisthefirstcountrytolandaroveronMars.B.ChinaisconfidentoftheexistenceoflifeonMars.C.Tianwen-1provesjointeffortsmatterinspaceresearch.D.Tianwen-1marksthestartofChina'sinterplanetaryexploration.D推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的內(nèi)容可推知，“天問一號”標(biāo)記著中國星際探究的起先。故選D。Ⅱ.七選五(2024·湖南長沙高三模擬)DoAmericanshaveanymorals?That'sagoodquestion.Manypeopleinsistthatideasaboutrightandwrongaremerelypersonalopinions.Somevoices,though,arecallingAmericansbacktotraditionalmoralvalues.WilliamJ.Bennett,formerUSSecretaryofEducation,editedTheBookofVirtuesin1993todojustthat.1ThesuccessofBennett'sbookshowsthatmanyAmericansstillbelieveinmoralvalues.Butwhatarethey?OneofthemostbasicmoralvaluesforAmericansishonesty.Thewell-knownlegendaboutGeorgeWashingtonandthecherrytreeteachesthisvalueclearly.Inthestory,insteadofpunishment,Georgereceivedpraisefornotlyingbuttellingthetruththathecutdownhisfather'sfavouritecherrytree.SometimesAmericanhonesty—beingopenanddirect—canoffendpeople.2AnothervirtueAmericansrespectisperseverance.RememberAesop'sFablesabouttheturtleandtherabbitthathadarace?3Buttheturtlefinallywonbecausehedidnotgiveup.4Thestoryof“TheGoodSamaritan(撒馬利亞人)”describesamanwhoshowedcompassion.Onhiswaytoacertaincity,aSamaritanman,insteadofjustpassingby,stoppedtohelpapoortravellerlyingontheroadwhowasbeatenandrobbed.InnowaycanthisbriefdescriptioncoverallthemoralvalueshonouredbyAmericans.Courage,responsibility,loyalty,gratitudeandmanyotherscouldbediscussed.Infact,Bennett'sbestseller—over800pages—highlightsjust10virtues.EvenBennettadmitsthathehasonlyscratchedthesurface.Butnomatterhowlongorshortthelist,moralvaluesareinvaluable.5A.Butthisvirtuousattitudeishardlyoneofthem.B.Compassion(憐憫心)isadesirewithinustohelpothers.C.Therabbitthoughthecouldwineasily,sohetookanap.D.CompassionmaybethequeenofAmericanvirtues.E.ButAmericansstillbelievethat“honestyisthebestpolicy”．F.TheyarethefoundationofAmericanculture—andanyculture.G.Bennettsuggeststhatgreatmoralstoriescanbuildcharacter.1～5GECDFⅢ.完形填空Itwas11：30atnightintheAlaskanvillageofIgiugig,population70.IdaNelsonwasenjoyingthebathwhensheheardthelongdeepsoundofasmallairplane1thenearbyairport.Sheknewsomethingwas2anytimeaplaneflewoverthatlate.Nelsonleapedoutofthebath,rantothewindow,and3theproblem:Theairport'srunwaylightswereout.Nelson4someclothes,jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairport,whereshefoundalocalpilottryingtoturnonthelights5．“Normally,ifyoupressthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightup，”Nelsonsaid.Notthistime.6，sheandthepilotlearnedoftheplane's7mission:Itwasthereto8aseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital,280milesawayinAnchorage.Nelsonhada9.DrivingherATVtotheendoftherunway,sheshoneherheadlightsontheroadfortheplanetofollow.Morelightwas10，soaneighbourcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage—32ofthem.Within20minutes,20vehiclesarrivedattheairport,manyofthedrivers11inpajamas(睡衣).12directionsfromthepilot,thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway.Theplanemadeitsfinal13andguidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely.Theyoungpatientwas14ontotheaircraft,andtheplaneimmediatelytookoffagain.Herillnesswasneverpubliclyrevealed,butshehassincebeenreleasedfromthehospital.Inaworldfilledwithuncertainty,thelittlecommunity'spositiveactivism—comingtogether—wasabig15．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述IdaNelson深夜和社區(qū)鄰居一起幫助一架救人的直升機(jī)著陸的故事。1.A.striking B.leavingC.circling D.surroundingC結(jié)合下文提到的“機(jī)場的跑道燈熄滅”可知，飛機(jī)在機(jī)場回旋，無法著陸。故選C。2.A.new B.wrongC.difficult D.importantB依據(jù)空后的“anytimeaplaneflewoverthatlate”及下文內(nèi)容可知，飛機(jī)這么晚飛過來應(yīng)是出事了。故選B。3.A.saw B.facedC.solved D.predictedA下文“Theairport'srunwaylightswereout.”是Nelson看到的情景。故選A。4.A.triedon B.threwonC.tookoff D.putawayB依據(jù)空后的“jumpedintoherATV,andflooredittotheairport”可知，Nelson匆忙穿上衣服外出。throwon意為“匆忙穿上”。故選B。5.A.byhand B.atwillC.inprivate D.atrandomA依據(jù)下文“Normally,ifyoupressthebutton10or15times,thelightswilljustlightup”及“Notthistime.”可知，飛行員正試圖手動開燈。故選A。6.A.Otherwise B.HoweverC.Therefore D.MeanwhileD依據(jù)語境可知，此處指Nelson和當(dāng)?shù)仫w行員在試圖開燈的同時(shí)，了解到飛機(jī)的任務(wù)。故選D。7.A.proud B.appealingC.urgent D.toughC依據(jù)下文“Itwasthereto8aseriouslyilllocalgirltothenearesthospital”可知，這是一個(gè)緊急任務(wù)。故選C。8.A.introduce B.transportC.guide D.accompanyB依據(jù)語境可知，飛機(jī)的任務(wù)是把當(dāng)?shù)氐闹夭∨ⅰ斑\(yùn)輸”到最近的醫(yī)院。故選B。9.A.task B.choiceC.plan D.dreamC依據(jù)下一句Nelson的做法“她開著她的沙灘車駛到跑道的終點(diǎn)，她點(diǎn)亮車頭燈，讓后面的飛機(jī)跟著”可知，Nelson有了一個(gè)安排。故選C。10.A.needed B.joinedC.lost D.invitedA依據(jù)空后的“soaneighbourcallednearlyeveryhomeinthevillage”可知，還須要更多的燈光。故選A。11.A.ever B.stillC.just D.alreadyB依據(jù)空后的“inpajamas(睡衣)”可知，很多司機(jī)沒來得及換衣服就過來幫忙，“仍舊”穿著睡衣。故選B。12.A.Following B.RequiringC.Learning D.ProvidingA依據(jù)空后的“thecarslinedupononesideoftherunway”可知，汽車司機(jī)遵循指示排成一排。故選A。13.A.progress B.testC.approach D.changeC上文提到汽車司機(jī)在飛行員的指示下排成一排，結(jié)合空后的“guidedbytheheadlights,landedsafely”可知，飛機(jī)進(jìn)行了最終的探究式的接近，在前燈的指引下平安著陸。故選C。14.A.removed B.loadedC.delivered D.in