浙江省培優(yōu)聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期7月仿真卷英語試題

2024年7月浙江省培優(yōu)聯(lián)盟高三仿真卷英語注意事項：1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）。滿分為150分，考試時間為120分鐘。2．本卷包含聽力部分，廣東、山東等不再考查聽力的省份可自行省略。選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題部分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.PickupBilly. B.Visitafriend. C.CallEmma.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Hey,DoyouknowJenny’snewaddress?I’mgoingtosendherapackage.W:Itextedhertoaskaboutit,andshehasn’treplied.M:Shemustbebusy.I’llcallherroommate,it’sEmma,Right?W:Right.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanconcernabouttheman?A.Hisworkefficiency. B.Hishealth. C.Histravelplan.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Tim,youworkedovertimeagainyesterday.You’dbetternotpushyourselfthathard,oryourhealthwillbreakdown.M:Thanks.Iplantotakeaholidayafterfinishingthisproject.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthemanprobablydoing?A.Drivingacar. B.Ridingabike. C.Enteringtheschool.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Slowdown!George.We’reingnearaschool.M:Iknow,mom.I’mgoingeightmilesanhour.Look!Abikejustpassedus.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataconference. B.Atahospital. C.Atanairport.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Mr.King,I’mhappythatyoudecidedtoeinforyourphysicalcheckup.M:I’mgoingabroadtoattendaconference,andIwanttomakesureIdon’thaveanyproblems.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomansuggestaboutgoingfordinner?A.ToUncleJohnson. B.Eatingwithafriend. C.Exploringnewoptions.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:HowabouthavinglunchatUncleJohnsontogetthefoodwasdeliciousandthestaffwerefriendlyW:Yes,butlet’sbemoreadventurousquiteafewrestaurantshaveopenedhererecently.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Brotherandsister. C.Fatheranddaughter.7.WhydotheymentionBarry?A.Becausehewasjustinthephoto.B.Becauseheownsasuperbcamera.C.Becausehetookthephototheyarediscussing.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Whodoyouthinktookthisone?W:Ican'tremember.M:Youlookveryyoung.W:Yeah!Lookatmyhair.Itwassolong.M:Fine!Too!Lookatme.Ithinkitwastakenafterourwedding.W:Whotookit?Wasityourdad?M:No,itwasn’t.DoyourememberBarry?W:Yes,Yourcousin.Ahighschoolboythen.M:Yeah,hetookitwithhisnewcamera.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatisthemanprobablydoing?A.Teachingclass. B.Tellingstories. C.Correctingmistakes.9.WhydoesMr.GreenconsidertheFibonacciseriesimportant?A.Becauseitisaverydifficultconcepttounderstand.B.Becauseitcanbemonlyfoundinourdailylife.CBecauseitisposedofaseriesofluckynumbers.10.WhatismangoingtodonextWednesday?A.Givefurtherexplanation. B.Lecturestudents’behavior. C.Conductasurvey.【答案】8.A9.B10.A【解析】【原文】M:Okay,beforeyou'redismissed,doesanyonehaveaquestion?Okay,Stephanie.W:Thankyou,Mr.Green.YoumentionedtheFibonacciseriesjustnow.Idon'tquiteunderstand.Couldyouexplain?Whatdoesitmean?M:FibonacciwasaEuropeanmathematicianintheMiddleAges.TheFibonacciseriesisaseriesofnumbersinwhicheachnumberisequaltothetwonumbersbeforeitaddedtogether.Asimpleexamplegoes,like112358andsoon.W:Whyisitimportant？M:Well,it'simportant,becauseit'smoningeometry.Andit'smoninnature.Forexample,inplants.Actually,weseethesenumberseverywhere.W:Couldyougiveussomespecificexamples?M:Well,wedon'thavetimetoday.ButIcanexplainmoreaboutitinthenextlessononWednesday.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whatdosethisspecialartmadefrom?A.Trees. B.Animalskins. C.Rocks.12.Whatthreatarethetigersfacingnow?A.Illegallyhunting. B.Lossofhabitats. C.Spreadofdiseases.13.WhatdoseSimonthinkcanhelpTigers?A.Controlminingactivities. B.Raisetheawareness. C.Issueenvironmentallaws.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Thereareusedtobemorethan20,000tigersinIndia.Buttodaytherearefewerthan2000left.WhyisthisSimon?M:Well,wehavemanagedtodealwiththehunters.Butamuchgreaterproblemisthatbeautyproductspaniesaremakingaspecialproductinlargequantities.W:Doesthisproductefromtigers?M:No,buttherockstheproductismadefromarefoundintheTigerslastnaturalhabitat.Thishabitatisbeingdestroyed.W:Isee,sohowseriousistheproblem.M:Ipredictthatwithin10years,theIndianTigerwilldisappearforever.W:Butsurelythetigerscouldbemovedtoareserve.Aren'ttheyprotectedbyenvironmentallaws?M:Yes,theycertainlyare.Butlargeareasinforestaredestroyedtomakewayfortheminingoperations.W:SowhatdoyouthinkcanbedonetosavetheTigers?M:I’mnotsure.Butatleastminingoperationsneedtoberestrictedbeforeit'stoolate.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.WhydoesDonaldstartworkingatearlyage?A.Toacquirevariousskills.B.Tohelpsupporthisfamily.C.Tobefinanciallyindependent.15.WhoisRobert?A.Donald’sfather. B.Donald’sbrother. C.Donald’sson.16.WhatdoesDonaldthinkaboutchildrendoinghousework?A.Hebelievesit’sbeneficialfortheirwellbeing.B.Hethinksit’sjustawasteoftimeforchildren.C.Hefeelsthatchildrenshouldfocusontheirstudiesinstead.17.HowdoesDonaldviewhisfather?A.Asastrictdisciplinarian. B.Assomeoneunimportant. C.Asarolemodelandhero.【答案】14.B15.B16.A17.C【解析】【原文】W:Weleback.Now,wecontinueourtalkwithDonaldKeith.So,Donald,inyournewbook,yousaidyoustarteddoingfarmworkatseven,helpingatagroceryat10anddrivingatruckat14.Childrenaren’tallowedtodosuchthingsanymore.Doyouthinkthat’samistakeM:Well,Ilearnedinahurry.Becausemyfamilyneededmyhelp.Iwasdaddy’sonlysonatthattime.Robertcame15yearsafterIdid.Itwasduringthedepressionyearswhenanyinewashelpful.Today,thingsaredifferent.W:Doyouthinkthoughthatweunderestimateourchildrennow?Weseemtotreatthemaschildrenforaverylongtime.M:Ithinkso.Sharingsomehouseworkshouldbegoodforthehealthygrowthofourchildren.W:Yourfatheremergesasapowerfulhumanbeingthroughoutyourbook.Wouldyouliketotalkmoreabouthim?M:Daddywasmyheroinmanyways,anddeservedlyso.Hewasagreatfarmer,asuccessfulbusinessman,aswellasanexcellentbaseballcoach.Whatevermydaddydid,waswhatIwantedtodosomeday.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.WhatdoesAlicedoinFrance?A.Shootingafilm. B.Visitingrelatives. C.Learningarts.19.WhatisspecialabouttheGarcia'shouse?A.Itsgoodlocation. B.Itslonghistory. C.Itsmodernitywithglassdoors.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker?A.Toremendheracmodation.B.Tointroducetwoextraordinaryartists.C.Toshareheruniquelearningexperiences.【答案】18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】W:Hieveryone!ThisisAlice,Ican’tbelievethatI’mactuallyhereinFrance.Therearesixstudentsinmyclass,we’restayinginthehomeofaFrenchcoupleintheJuramountains.Mr.andMrs.Garciaareartists.Andtheyteachanartclassjustforuseverymorning.I’mlearningsomewonderfulpaintingtechniques.Laterintheday,wevisitlocalvillagesandpaintwhatwesee.Thehousewearestayinginissolovely.Mrs.Garcia’sfamilybuiltitinthe18thcentury.I'veneverseenanythinglikeit.Itlookslikesomethingfromafilm.It'sverylarge,andalltheroomshaveglassdoors.Ispendalotoftimeinthegardeninfrontofthehouse.Ithasbeemyfavoriteplace,becauseit’ssoquiet.SometimesIjustsitthereforhourstillthesunsets.I’veneverhadanexperiencelikethis.第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWhichfruitpersonalityareyou?Intheworkplace,wehavetobeabletodealwithpeoplewhoaren’tlikeus.Noonewillchangeforyou,soyoujusthavetorespecttheirdifferences.Whenidentifyingpersonalitytypes,Iliketotalkintermsoffruit.Nobodyisjustonefruit,butweallhaveapreference.Andwetendtoemphasizeourtoptwo,especiallyunderpressure.Herearesomefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.TypesIntroduction&ManagementApple:HardCoreAppletypesaredirectanddon’tsufferfools.Theyarefast,logicalthinkerswholovetowinandhatetolosecontrol.They’llgetaresultatanycost,butseeconflictassport.1.Alwaysstanduptothem.2.Gettothepoint.3.Don’ttakeitpersonally.4.Watchandlearnfromthem.Mango:JuicyandMessyMangotypeslovelifeandcan’taffordtomissaminute.Theylovevarietybecausetheytendtobeeasilydistractedandnaturallyrulebreakers.1.Talkbigpicture,avoiddetails.2.Givethemfalsedeadlines.3.Don’tmicromanage.Lemon:ConcentratedLemontypeslovestructureandorder.Theyareworrierswholikesecurityandpredictability.Theyexcelatspottinggapsinaplan.Buttoomanyrulescanalsobefrustrating.1.Respecttheirneedforspace.2.Don’tsurprisethem.3.Listenwithrespect.4.Showyourpace.Banana:SweetandGentleBananatypesenjoypeaceandshyawayfromconflicts.Theyarekindtoreacttoothers’requests.However,whentheyaretooacmodating,theycanbeseenasindecisive.1.Don’tpressurethem,motivate.2.Createapositiveenvironment.3.Encourageregularfeedback.4.Benicetothem.21.WhatdopeopleofMangoandLemonpersonalitieshaveinmon?A.Theybothpreferprivatespaceandspecificdeadlines.B.Theybothdislikebeingrestrictedbyexcessiverules.C.Theybothserveasgoodicebreakersoftheworkplace.D.Theybothneedregularfeedbackandbeingmotivated.22.WhoprobablyfavorstheBananaPersonality?A.Jack,aninnovativethinkerwhoiswillingtofacechallenges.B.Adam,abrilliantplannerwhoalwaysstickstohisdailyroutines.C.Nancy,apatientworkerwhoprioritizesharmoniousrelationships.D.Robin,anopenmindedleaderwhoadvocatesthevalueofdiversity.23.Wherecanthepassageprobablybefound?A.Inanacademicpaper. B.Inanentertainmentbook.C.Inabookreview. D.Inapsychologymagazine.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種水果類型的人格的特點。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mango部分中“Theylovevarietybecausetheytendtobeeasilydistractedandnaturallyrulebreakers.(他們喜歡變化，因為他們很容易分心，天生就會打破常規(guī))”以及Lemon部分中“Buttoomanyrulescanalsobefrustrating.(但是太多的規(guī)則也會讓其沮喪)”可知，芒果型人格和檸檬型人格的人都不喜歡被過多的規(guī)定所限制。故選B。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Banana部分中“Bananatypesenjoypeaceandshyawayfromconflicts.(香蕉型的人喜歡和平，回避沖突)”可知，南希，一個耐心的員工，優(yōu)先考慮和諧的關(guān)系是香蕉型人格。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenidentifyingpersonalitytypes,Iliketotalkintermsoffruit.Nobodyisjustonefruit,butweallhaveapreference.Andwetendtoemphasizeourtoptwo,especiallyunderpressure.Herearesomefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.(在識別人格類型時，我喜歡用水果來描述。沒有人只是一種水果，但我們都有自己的偏好。我們傾向于強(qiáng)調(diào)我們的前兩個，尤其是在壓力下。以下是一些水果的個性，以及如何最好地處理它們)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四種水果類型的人格的特點?？芍@篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在心理學(xué)雜志上。故選D。BMathematicshasanimageproblem:toomanypeoplestumbleoveritandconcludethatthesubjectisjustnotforthem.ButthecoreproblemsIsupposeishowmathsispresentedascoldanddry.Ihaveadifferentapproachwhichistorelateabstractmathstoquestionsofpoliticsandsocialjustice.Ihavetaughtfairlymathsphobicartstudentsinthiswayandhaveseentheirattitudestransformed.Theynowembracemathsandevenbelieveitcangenuinelyassistthem.Atabasiclevel,mathsisfoundedonlogic,sowhenIamteachinglogic,Iuseexamplesfromcontemporaryeventsratherthantheoldfashionedtypeofproblem.Insteadofstudyingthelogicofastatementlike“alldogshavefourlegs”,Imightdiscussthestatementlike“___________”.However,ratherthanstickingtothistypeofdrymathematicalexample,Iintroduceissueslikeprivilegeandwealth—Ifsomeonehasahigherstatus,aretheyautomaticallywealthier?Wecanalsoaskaboutworkinghoursandine:ifsomeoneworksmorehours,dotheynecessarilyearnmore?Theanswerisclearlynot.Myapproachiscontroversialbecause,traditionally,mathsissupposedtobeneutral.Ihavebeencriticizedbypeopleclaimingmyapproachwillbeannoyingtothosewhodon’tcareaboutsocialjustice.However,thedryapproachisalsooffputtingtothosewhodocare.Sometimes,suchsocietyorientedquestionsmaybenefitthewellroundeddevelopmentofthestudents.Infact,Ibelievethatallacademicdisciplinesshouldaddressourmostimportantissues.Idon’tdemandthatstudentsagreewithmeaboutpolitics,butIdoaskthattheyconstructthoroughargumentstobackuptheirthoughtsanddevelopthecrucialabilitytoanalyzethelogicofpeopletheydisagreewith.Mathsisn’tjustaboutnumbersandequations(方程式);itisaboutstudyingdifferentlogicalsystems.Wecanapplyittoballsrollingdowndifferenthills,butwecanalsoapplyittopressingsocialissues.Ithinkweshoulddoboth,forthesakeofsocietyandtobemoreinclusivetowardsdifferenttypesofstudentsinmathseducation.24.Whatistheauthor’smainargumentontheteachingofmathematics?A.Mathematicsshouldbetakenmoreseriously.B.Thetraditionalapproachneedstoberevised.C.Afocusonrealworldapplicationsisproposed.D.Studentsshouldhavetheirpersonalizedmethods.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbethelikelystatementinthethirdparagraph?A.Allcatsaremammals. B.Nohardworkersarelosers.C.Allimmigrantsareillegal. D.Nostudentslikemathematics.26.Howdoestheauthorrespondtothecriticism?A.Hepromisesbyemphasizinghisteachinggoals.B.Hedismissesitasirrelevanttohisteachingapproach.C.Headmitsthatmathsshouldbenonpoliticalandsolelyfocusonnumbers.DHesuggestssocialissuediscussionbeessentialforprehensiveeducation.27.Whatskilldoestheauthorhopehisstudentsshouldgain?A.Quickandaccurateequationsolving.B.Usingmathconceptsacrossvariousfields.C.Craftinglogicalargumentsfortheirperspectives.D.Workingtogethertobuildamoreinclusivesociety.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要講述了作者對于數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)的新穎觀點，即將數(shù)學(xué)與現(xiàn)實生活中的政治和社會公正問題相結(jié)合，以此來吸引學(xué)生的興趣并提高他們的邏輯分析能力?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ihaveadifferentapproachwhichistorelateabstractmathstoquestionsofpoliticsandsocialjustice.”（我有一種不同的方法，即將抽象的數(shù)學(xué)與政治和社會公正問題相結(jié)合。）可知，作者主張需要改變傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)方法。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Atabasiclevel,mathsisfoundedonlogic,sowhenIamteachinglogic,Iuseexamplesfromcontemporaryeventsratherthantheoldfashionedtypeofproblem.Insteadofstudyingthelogicofastatementlike“alldogshavefourlegs”,Imightdiscussthestatementlike”（在基本層面上，數(shù)學(xué)是建立在邏輯的基礎(chǔ)上的，所以當(dāng)我教邏輯時，我用當(dāng)代事件的例子，而不是老式的問題。）可知，作者會用當(dāng)代事件的例子，而不是老式的問題；結(jié)合下文“Iintroduceissueslikeprivilegeandwealth—Ifsomeonehasahigherstatus,aretheyautomaticallywealthier?Wecanalsoaskaboutworkinghoursandine:ifsomeoneworksmorehours,dotheynecessarilyearnmore?

”（我介紹了特權(quán)和財富之類的問題——如果一個人的地位更高，他們就會自然而然地更富有嗎？我們還可以問關(guān)于工作時間和收入的問題：如果某人工作時間更長，他們是否就一定賺得更多？）可知，作者會介紹一些社會性問題；由此可知，C選項“所有移民都是非法的”符合語境。故選C。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ihavebeencriticizedbypeopleclaimingmyapproachwillbeannoyingtothosewhodon’tcareaboutsocialjustice.However,thedryapproachisalsooffputtingtothosewhodocare.Sometimes,suchsocietyorientedquestionsmaybenefitthewellroundeddevelopmentofthestudents.”（有人批評我，認(rèn)為我的方法會讓那些不關(guān)心社會公正的人感到煩惱。然而，枯燥的方法也會讓那些關(guān)心社會公正的人感到反感。有時，這樣的社會性問題可能有利于學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。）可推知，作者認(rèn)為討論社會問題對于全面教育是必要的。故選D?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Idon’tdemandthatstudentsagreewithmeaboutpolitics,butIdoaskthattheyconstructthoroughargumentstobackuptheirthoughtsanddevelopthecrucialabilitytoanalyzethelogicofpeopletheydisagreewith.”（我不要求學(xué)生在政治上同意我，但我要求他們構(gòu)建完整的論據(jù)來支持他們的思想，并發(fā)展分析他們不同意的人的邏輯的關(guān)鍵能力。）可推知，作者希望他的學(xué)生能夠形成自己的觀點，并能夠用邏輯來支持自己的觀點。故選C。CTheMonaLisaisthefamousLeonardodaVincipaintingofawomanwithamysterioussmile.Thisweek,thewomanpartedherlipstowhisperanancientsecret.ScientistsusingXraystoexaminethechemicalstructureofasmallpartofthepaintingdiscoveredatechniqueLeonardousedinthework.Anoilpaintusedforitwasaspecial,newchemicalmixture,whichsuggeststhattheItalianartistwasinanexperimentalmoodwhenheworkedonthepaintinginthe16thcentury.“Helovedtoexperiment,andeachofhispaintingsispletelydifferenttechnically,”saidVictorGonzalez,achemistwhohasstudiedthechemicalelementofseveralworksbyLeonardoandotherartists.Theresearchersfoundarareleadpound(鉛化合物)—plumbonacrite,inLeonardo’sfirstlayerofpaint.ThediscoveryprovedthatdaVincimostlikelyusedleadoxidetothickenandhelpdryhispaint.Thepaintinthestudyisaboutthethicknessofahumanhair,lyinginthetoprightareaofthepainting.Thescientistslookedintoitsatomic(原子的)structureusingXrays,movingparticlesatthespeedoflight,permittingresearcherstolookdeeperintothepaintstructure.“Plumbonacriteisreallyafingerprintofhisrecipe,asit’sthefirsttimewecanchemicallyconfirmit,”Gonzalezsaid.Rembrandt,theDutchmaster,mayhaveemployedasimilarblendinhis17thcenturypaintings.Gonzalezandfellowresearchershavealsodetectedplumbonacriteinhisart.It’sbelievedthatLeonardousedleadoxidepowder,whichhasanorangecolor,tothickenhisoilpaintandspeedupdrying.“Whatyouwillgetisanoilthathasaverynicegoldencolor,”Gonzalezsaid.“Itflowsmorelikehoney.”ButtheMonaLisa—saidbytheLouvretobeaportrait(肖像)ofLisaGherardini,thewifeofaFlorentinesilkbusinessman—There’smoretohergazethanmeetstheeye.“Whatwearesayingisjustalittlebrickintheknowledge,”Gonzalezsaid.28.WhattechniquediddaVincipotentiallyuseintheMonaLisa?A.TheemploymentoftailoredXrays. B.Theapplicationofarareleadpound.C.Aspecialmixtureofoilpaints. D.Theuniversaluseofatomicstructures.29.WhatdoestheuseofplumbonacritesuggestaboutLeonardo’spaintingapproach?A.Willingnesstoexperiment. B.Givingprioritytoconventions.C.Technicallyidenticaloutput. D.Concentrationonpaintdrying.30.WhatisGonzalez’sattitudetowardstheuseofleadoxidepowder?A.Dismissive. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Favorable.31.WhatcanweinferabouttheMonaLisafromthelastparagraph?A.Itstillholdssecretsyettobeuncovered.B.Itechoestherealitiesoftheworldlylife.C.It’saperfectbinationofoldandnew.D.ItservesasthekeytounderstandingLeonardo.【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，主要講述了科學(xué)家通過X射線檢查《蒙娜麗莎》的部分化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了達(dá)芬奇在作品中使用的一種技術(shù)。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersfoundarareleadpound(鉛化合物)—plumbonacrite,inLeonardo’sfirstlayerofpaint.ThediscoveryprovedthatdaVincimostlikelyusedleadoxidetothickenandhelpdryhispaint.”（研究人員在達(dá)·芬奇的第一層畫作中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種罕見的鉛化合物——plumbonacrite。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)證明，達(dá)芬奇很可能使用了氧化鉛來增稠和干燥他的顏料）可知，達(dá)芬奇在《蒙娜麗莎》中可能使用了一種罕見的鉛化合物。故選B項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Helovedtoexperiment,andeachofhispaintingsispletelydifferenttechnically”（他喜歡實驗，他的每一幅畫在技術(shù)上都完全不同）可知，達(dá)芬奇喜歡實驗，故選A。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段““Whatyouwillgetisanoilthathasaverynicegoldencolor,”Gonzalezsaid.“Itflowsmorelikehoney.””（“你會得到一種非常漂亮的金色的油，”Gonzalez說，“它流動起來更像蜂蜜?！保┛芍珿onzalez對使用氧化鉛粉末的態(tài)度是支持的。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Whatwearesayingisjustalittlebrickintheknowledge,”Gonzalezsaid.”（Gonzalez說：“我們所說的只是知識中的一小塊?！保┛赏浦?，《蒙娜麗莎》仍然有待揭示的秘密。故選A。DDoyoueverfindyourselfrandomlythinkingbacktothetimeswewandered,collectingwildflowersandsmilingbeneaththesky?Thatfeelingisoftenreferredtoasnostalgia(懷舊).Psychologistshavedefinednostalgiaasaselfconscious,socialemotion,bittersweetbutdominantlypositive.Itesfromourhappymemoriesandourdesiretogobacktothepastandreconnectwiththepeoplewecaredabout.Often,nostalgiainvolvessensorystimuli.Onsomeoccasions,thesmellofautumnleavesmightgenerateafiercelongingforyourchildhoodhome.Almosteveryonecanexperiencenostalgia,althoughitsobjecttendstovarythroughoutlife.OnesurveyconductedbythepsychologistKrystineIreneBatchofoundthatyoungerpeoplefeltmorenostalgiaforpets,toys,andholidaysthandidolderpeople,whofeltitmorestronglyformusic.Incontrasttoitslinkstonegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesn’tmakeussadder.Rather,nostalgiaisadefensiveresponsetounhappiness,onethatbringsrelieffromanegativemood.Researchfrom2006showsthatnostalgiacanactuallystrengthensocialties,improveselfesteem,andupliftourmood.Otherstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhanceourviewoflife’smeaning,reducefearofdeath,boostspirituality,andincreaseoptimism.Scholarsremainuncertainabouttheprecisemechanismbehindtheeffectivenessofnostalgia;however,somesuggestthatreflectingonjoyfulmemoriesstrengthensoursenseofselfworthandbelonging,particularlyduringtimesoflonelinessorselfdoubt.Itspowerletsthehappinessofthepastoverethecurrentunpleasantness,offeringabitofescapefromtoughtimes.Toformstrongerconnections,wecanestablishtraditionsaroundsharedpastexperiencesinfamilies,friendgroups,andworkplaces.Observingspecialoccasionslikechildhoodsportsorpostcollegemeetupscangiveussomethingtolookforwardto.Perhapsbecauseitissopowerfulandplex,nostalgiahasreceivedmagicaltreatmentfrompoetsandwriters.“Thepastishiddensomewhereoutsidetherealm(領(lǐng)域),beyondthereachofintellect,”MarcelProustwrote.32.Whydoestheauthormention“autumnleaves”inthesecondparagraph?A.Toillustratetheplexityofnostalgia.B.Toemphasizethejoyfulnatureofnostalgia.C.Toclarifynostalgia’sconnectiontooursenses.D.Tostressindividualvarietyofexperiencingnostalgia.33.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Themismatchbetweentwofindings.B.Thepotentialbenefitsofnostalgia.C.Theimpactofnostalgiaonpersonalmood.D.Themechanismsbehindnostalgia’seffects.34.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestusdoinparagraph4?A.Createsharedtraditionsforbondingandjoy. B.Recordthesocialgatheringsregularly.C.Recognizetheunnecessarysocialgatherings. D.Saynototheconceptofescapism.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Nostalgia:WhyWeShouldAvoidReflectingonthePastB.Nostalgia:AShelterAgainsttheUnhappinessofOurLifeC.ANostalgiaWarning:OurMentalHealthBeingAttackedD.PowerofNostalgia:StrugglingforanIrreplaceablePresent【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了懷舊的定義、產(chǎn)生原因、影響以及我們應(yīng)如何利用懷舊來增強(qiáng)社交關(guān)系和自我價值感?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Often,nostalgiainvolvessensorystimuli.Onsomeoccasions,thesmellofautumnleavesmightgenerateafiercelongingforyourchildhoodhome.”（懷舊通常涉及感官刺激。有時候，秋天的樹葉的氣味可能會引發(fā)對你兒時家的強(qiáng)烈思念。）可知，作者提到“秋天的樹葉”是為了說明懷舊與我們的感官的聯(lián)系。故選C?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Incontrasttoitslinkstonegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesn’tmakeussadder.Rather,nostalgiaisadefensiveresponsetounhappiness,onethatbringsrelieffromanegativemood.Researchfrom2006showsthatnostalgiacanactuallystrengthensocialties,improveselfesteem,andupliftourmood.Otherstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhanceourviewoflife’smeaning,reducefearofdeath,boostspirituality,andincreaseoptimism.”（與它與負(fù)面情緒的聯(lián)系相反，懷舊并不會讓我們更悲傷。更確切地說，懷舊是對不快樂的一種防御反應(yīng)，它能讓你從消極情緒中解脫出來。2006年的研究表明，懷舊實際上可以加強(qiáng)社會聯(lián)系，提高自尊，提升我們的情緒。其他研究表明，它還可以增強(qiáng)我們對生命意義的看法，減少對死亡的恐懼，提升精神，增加樂觀情緒。），可以看出這一段主要講述了懷舊的潛在好處，如增強(qiáng)社交關(guān)系、提高自尊、提升我們的心情等。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Toformstrongerconnections,wecanestablishtraditionsaroundsharedpastexperiencesinfamilies,friendgroups,andworkplaces.Observingspecialoccasionslikechildhoodsportsorpostcollegemeetupscangiveussomethingtolookforwardto.”（為了形成更強(qiáng)的聯(lián)系，我們可以在家庭、朋友圈和工作場所建立圍繞共享過去經(jīng)歷的傳統(tǒng)。）可推知，作者建議我們創(chuàng)建共享的傳統(tǒng)以增強(qiáng)聯(lián)系和快樂。故選A。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容以及第四段“Scholarsremainuncertainabouttheprecisemechanismbehindtheeffectivenessofnostalgia;however,somesuggestthatreflectingonjoyfulmemoriesstrengthensoursenseofselfworthandbelonging,particularlyduringtimesoflonelinessorselfdoubt.Itspowerletsthehappinessofthepastoverethecurrentunpleasantness,offeringabitofescapefromtoughtimes.”（學(xué)者們?nèi)匀徊淮_定懷舊效應(yīng)背后的確切機(jī)制；然而，一些人認(rèn)為，回憶快樂的記憶可以增強(qiáng)我們的自我價值感和歸屬感，尤其是在孤獨或自我懷疑的時候。它的力量可以讓過去的快樂克服當(dāng)前的不愉快，為艱難時期提供一點逃避。），文章主要講述了懷舊的定義、產(chǎn)生原因、影響以及我們應(yīng)如何利用懷舊來增強(qiáng)社交關(guān)系和自我價值感，因此B選項“懷舊：我們生活中的避難所”最能概括全文內(nèi)容。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Imagineyoubuyanewshirtanddonotintendtobuyanewjacket.Youwereperfectlyhappywithituntilyouworeitwiththenewshirt.However,youimaginethatthenewshirtmakestheoldjacketlookworn.Thenyoucan’thelpbuyanewjacketorevenmoretobetterfittheshirt._____36_____Thesimplestdescriptionofitisthescenarioofbuyingsomethingnewandreplacingouroldpossessionswithitemstomatchthenewone,evenifthatmeansanemptybankaccount._____37_____Beeawareitishappening.Observewhenyouarebeingdrawnintoconsumptionnotbecauseyouareinactualneedofanitem,butonlybecausesomethingnewhasbeenintroduced._____38_____Astoremaybehavingagreatsaleonanewoutfit—butifthenewoutfitforcesyoutobuyanewpairofshoesorhandbagtomatch,itjustbecameamoreexpensivepurchasethanoriginallyassumed.Avoidunnecessarynewpurchases.RealizetheDiderotEffectisasignificantforceandoveringitisverydifficult.Youmayavoidreplacingthoseendtablesatfirst,buteventually,atsomepointdowntheroad,youaregoingtobreakdownandbuynewonesthatbettermatchthenewcouch._____39_____ButthebestwaytooveretheDiderotEffectistoneverallowittooverpoweryouinthefirstplace.Remindyourselfthatpossessionsdonotdefineyou._____40_____Yourpossessionsdonotdefineyouoryoursuccess—nomatterwhatmarketerswilltrytotellyou.A.Analyzeandpredictthefullcostoffuturepurchases.B.Buythingsfortheirusefulnessratherthantheirstatus.C.Weactuallycanemploythismindtrickinthefollowingways.D.Thetrueabundanceoflifeisnotfoundinthethingsthatyouown.E.Thenhowcanweresistthispatternofunnecessaryconsumerism?F.Thephenomenoncanbeowedtothesocalled“DiderotEffect”.G.Therearetimeswhenwehaveaproperneedtobuynewthings,admittedly.【答案】36.F37.E38