計算機發(fā)展史(英語版)11

1、History,Of computer development,2016156王健欣 2016157馬海超 2016158崔昌勝,History,Of computer development,Electronic computer,In 1946 Pennsylvania University in the USA developed the first electronic computer in the world through several years hard efforts.,ENIAC兩位設計者 莫契利和?？颂?By the early 1970s, they were in

2、 common use in large businesses, government, and the military. The largest computers (like the ENIAC= the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) were called mainframes!,ENIAC博物館 中的部分器件,Transistor computer,In the late 1960s and early 1970s, engineers made great strides in reducing the size of

3、electronic components. They developed the semiconductor chip, which was about the size of a fingenail and could contain hundreds of transistors.,1955年，貝爾實驗室使用800只晶體管組裝了世界上第一臺晶體管計算機TRADIC。 (Transistor Digital Computer),晶體管的三位發(fā)明人 因這項偉大發(fā)明，三人獲得1956年諾貝爾物理學獎,威廉肖克利,約翰巴丁,沃爾特布拉坦,The semiconductor chips enabl

4、ed engineerd to miniaturize the circuits in all electronic devices. Most importantly, it priduced a new generation of mainframes and minicomputers with increased capability, greater speed , and smaller size.,Microcomputer,The fitst microcomputers,In the early 1970s, technology progressed to the poin

5、t where the circuits for the “brain” of a computer (the central processing unit or CPU) could be manufactured on a single semiconductor chip. These miniaturized computers were called microprocessors, and were manufactured by corporations such as Intel and Motorola.,In 1971, Intel company claims, the

6、y created a open integrated circuit new era semiconductor chip, that is the first piece of microprocessor chip 4004.,The so-called microprocessor chip is a CPU (Central Processing Unit, the CPU) integration on a single chip.,第一塊微處理器芯片Intel 4004及其發(fā)明人特德霍夫,This computers is next in cost but offers less

7、 than mainframe in work and performance. These are the computers, which are mostly preferred by the small type of business personals, colleges, etc.,Personal Computer,In 1981, International Business Machines (IBM), the largest computer company in the world, introduced its own microcomputer, dubbed t

8、he IBM PC (“PC” is the abbreviation for personal computer).,The First IBM PC,Almost all the computer users ate familiar with the personal computers. This is the computer mostly preferred by the home users.These computers are lesser in cost than the computers given abmve and also, small in size; they

9、 are also called PCs in short for personal computers.,This computer is small in size and you can easily arrange it to fit in your dingle bedroom with its all accommodation.Today this is thought to be the most popular computer in all.,Notebook Computer,Having a small size and low weight the notebook

10、is easy to carry to anywhere. A student can take it with him/her to his/her school in his/her bag with his/her book.,This is easy to carry around and preferred by srudents people to meet their assignments and other necessary tasks.,The approach of this computer is also the same as the personal computer. It can store the same amount of data and having a memory of the same size as that of a personal computer. One can say that it is the replacement of personal desktop compute