英語(yǔ)人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成講解.ppt

1、Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?,石頭初級(jí)中學(xué),章燕,上一頁(yè),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),下一頁(yè),主菜單,Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主菜單,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),have (has）+ 過(guò)去分詞,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：,肯定式：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

2、分詞? 否定式: 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則,1.一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞后加-edworkworkedlistenlistenedjumpjumped2.在以- e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后只加-dcloseclosed likelikedagreeagreed3.在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried trytried4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-edstopstopped dropdropped,move live love like,寫出下列規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式

3、和過(guò)去分詞:,visit repair watch finish,verbed,以e結(jié)尾d,visited visited,repaired repaired,watched watched,finished finished,moved moved,lived lived,loved loved,liked liked,寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞:,stop mop shop plan,注:以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母ed,雙寫ed,study hurry,變y為ied,注:以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為ied.,stopped stopped,mopped m

4、opped,shopped shopped,planned planned,studied studied,hurried hurried,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 1)AAA型（動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞同形）cost（花費(fèi)）cost cost cut（割） cut cut Hit（打） hit hit hurt （傷害） hurt hurt put（放） put put read （讀） read read(2) AAB型（動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去式同形） beat（跳動(dòng)） beat beaten(3) ABA型（動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去分詞同形）become（變成） became become come（來(lái)）

5、came comerun（跑） ran run(4) ABB型（過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞同形）dig（挖 dug dughang（懸掛） hung hunghold（抓?。?held held shine（照耀） shone shone,(5)ABC型（動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞均不同形）begin(開始） began begun rise（上升） rose risen,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),- Are you free? -I have

6、 finished my homework. I am free (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),主菜單,1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用(1): 1在表示“用法1”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。,He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。 Has he alr

7、eady left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過(guò)信了嗎？,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒(méi))”,疑問(wèn)句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)”,We have never been

8、 to the Great Wall. 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？,c） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間）,He has just come back. 他剛剛回來(lái)。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。 (從10年前開始,持續(xù)

9、到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí) (半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常與since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 一段時(shí)間，so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段時(shí)間,2. since +,從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)),單詞,詞組,(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),Eg. I hav

10、e been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自以來(lái)) 1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. 2)since+ 時(shí)間段+ ago Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 從句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)） for+ 時(shí)間段 He has kept the book for 2

11、 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Take notes,注1): since 也可單獨(dú)使用, 表示“自那時(shí)起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has sto

12、od here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (watch) the football game . I _ (watch) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (move) the big chairs to the living room .He is tired now. 4. I _

13、 (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 5. I _ just _ (finish) my homew 6._ you _ (plan) where to go yet?,二、用since和for填空 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7 _ 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here 12. Ive known

14、 him _ we were children. 13. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.,三.對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn) 1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _?

15、3) He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book?,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),常與already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 連用,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to

16、)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, bo

17、rrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。,主菜單,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from),下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。

18、如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單, 翻 譯 練 習(xí)： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has b

19、een dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hom

20、etown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？ I have been to

21、 Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,四)It is +一段時(shí)間 +since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)),Eg. It i

22、s five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè), 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買了一本英漢

23、字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。,主菜單,二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí):,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,主菜單,三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)

24、連用的典型的 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜單,上一頁(yè),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí),主菜單,動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an h

25、our ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) th

26、ere? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a lo

27、ng time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,用Have been to, have gone

28、to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is loo

29、king for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,改 錯(cuò) 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou

30、 on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁(yè),上一頁(yè),主菜單,The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told

31、D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was