廣州版八年級下冊英語U2精講精練.doc

卓越個性化教學(xué)講義課 題U2知識要點總結(jié)及語法講解教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握U2知識要點，理解并學(xué)會運用本單元語法形容詞的用法。重 點本單元單詞與短語過關(guān)，總結(jié)本周知識要點。難 點理解并學(xué)會運用本單元語法知識。Step 1 教學(xué)銜接：1、檢查上次作業(yè)。2、講解疑難點。Step 2 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：1、復(fù)習(xí)本單元重點詞匯。2、課文知識要點溫故。3、語法知識點撥。4、知識拓展。Step 3 跟蹤練習(xí)：1、 能力提高練習(xí)。2、 語法專項練習(xí)。Step 4 課堂小結(jié)：總結(jié)課堂所學(xué)。Step 5 家庭作業(yè)：作業(yè) Unit 2知識要點總結(jié)Step 1詞匯總結(jié)一、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1. fun (n.)funny (adj.)2. succeed(v.) success (n.), successful(adj.)3. amuse(v.) amusement (n.)4. own(v.),owner(n.)5. sleep(v.) asleep(adj.), sleepy(adj.)6. angry(adj.),anger(n.)7. happy(adj.), happiness(n.),unhappy(opp)8. express(v.),expression(n.)9. art(n.),artist(n.)10. delight(v.),delighted(adj.)11. splendid (adj.),splendidly(adv.)12. possible(adj.),possibly(adv.)13. complain(v.),complaint(n.)14. wonder(n.),wonderful(adj.)15. bore(v.),boring/bored(adj.)16. frighten(v.)frightened(adj.)17. worry(v.),worried (adj.)18. close(v.),closed關(guān)閉的, close親密的(adj.)19. open(v.),open(adj.)20. cheer(v.),cheerful(adj.)21. think(v.),thoughtful(adj.)22. good(adj.,)goodness(n.)23. value(n.),valuable(adj.)24.care(v.),careful/careless(adj.),carelessness(n.)25. exist(v.),existence(n. )26. skill(n.),skilful(adj.)27. true(adj.),truly(adv.)28. fail(v.),failure(n.), pass, succeed(opp.)29. wisdom(n.), wise(adj.)30. smart(adj.), foolish(opp.)31. humour(n.), humorous(adj.)32. collect(v.), collector(n.)二、短語1. 充滿be full of, be filled with2. 對(某物)很滿意 be delighted with3. 為工作 work for4. 同意做某事 agree to do sth.5. 盡力做 try to do sth.6. 同(某人)比賽，迎戰(zhàn) play against7. 二十世紀(jì)三十年代末 in the 1930s8. 射門得分 score a goal9. 想到 think of10. 戲弄（某人）play a trick on sb.11. 使陷入麻煩 get sb. into trouble12. 出發(fā)，啟程 set out13. 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物prepare sth for sb14. 救生衣 life jacket15. 犯事而落到(某人)手里 get in trouble with sb16. 大量的 plenty of17. 追溯到，始于 date back to18. 到處跑 run around19. 存在，現(xiàn)有 in existence20. 嘲笑 laugh at21. 處于良好的狀態(tài) in good condition22. 來自世界各地的 from all over the world23. 撞倒(某人) knock sb down24. 一個叫做的人 a man called/ named25. 回答，答復(fù) in reply26. 有很長的歷史 with a long history27. 不擋某人的道 move out of ones way28. 畫出的輪廓 draw an outline of29. 朝上看 look up30. 處于困境，有麻煩的 be in trouble31. 熬夜 stay up 33. 想去做某事 would like to do sth.34. 興奮的表情 a cheerful expression35. 燦爛的笑容 a big smile36. 做的方法 a way to do/ a way of doing37. 以多少贏 beat sb. byto38. 活過來 come to life39. 我們能夠做的一切是 all we can do is40. 處于危險之中 be in danger三、句型解析1The short cartoons are full of fun.譯文那些卡通短片充滿了愉快和樂趣。fun為名詞(n.)，且為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“玩笑；嬉戲；有趣的事/人、樂事”。funny是形容詞，意為“滑稽可笑的，有趣的，愛開玩笑的”。e.g.Hes too fond of fun.他太喜歡鬧著玩了。The children were having a lot of fun with the building blocks.兒童們玩搭房子的積木玩得很開心。What fun!多么有趣！Her baby is great fun.她的嬰兒非常好玩。Skating is good fun.滑冰很有趣。另外，它還可構(gòu)成固定詞組make fun of sb.，意為“同某人開玩笑”。e.g.He is angry. Dont make fun of him.他生氣了。別同他開玩笑。funny是形容詞(adj.)，意為“滑稽的，可笑的，好玩的，有趣的”。e.g.a funny story 好笑的故事Dont be funny.別開玩笑。2William Hanna and Joseph Barbera both worked for MGM in the late 1930s.譯文威廉漢納和約瑟夫巴伯拉兩人在20世紀(jì)30年代后期為MGM公司效力。both表示“兩者都”的含義，常用于be動詞之后，實義動詞之前。e.g.His parents are（be動詞） both teachers.他的父母都是老師。The two boys both like（實義動詞） drawing.兩個男孩都喜歡畫畫。另外，請注意both與all的區(qū)別，both是指兩個人或兩個物都，用于兩者，all是指三者或三者以上都。e.g.They both stood up when the teacher came in.當(dāng)老師進來的時候，他們倆都站了起來。The students in our class all went to the park yesterday.昨天我們班里的學(xué)生都去了公園。They are all good students.他們都是好學(xué)生。in the late 1930s是表達“時間”的一種方式，意為“二十世紀(jì)三十年代晚期”，那么“二十世紀(jì)三十年代早期”表達為in the early 1930s。3They thought it would be funny to make the mouse smart and always get the cat into trouble.譯文他們認為使老鼠變聰明并且總是使貓陷入困境將會很有趣。這是句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itbeadj.for sb. to do sth.的用法。表示“（對某人來說）做某事是的”的意義，其中it為形式主語，to do sth.即動詞不定式短語才是真正的主語。e.g.Its necessary for us to get timely help around.在周圍及時找到幫助對于我們來說很有必要。It is important to make a plan for our future.為我們的未來制定計劃很重要。特別提示：Itbeadj.for sb. to do sth.與Itbeadj.of sb. to do sth.這兩個句型相似性與差異。不定式的邏輯主語用for還是of引出，關(guān)鍵看形容詞，當(dāng)形容詞表示客觀情況，描述不定式的特征、性質(zhì)時常用for引出不定式的邏輯主語。e.g.It is important for us to study a foreign language.掌握一門外語對于我們來說很重要。It is very difficult for them to finish the task within so short a time.對他們來講在這么短時間內(nèi)完成這個任務(wù)是很艱巨的。當(dāng)形容詞表示主觀感情或態(tài)度，描述主語的性質(zhì)、身份、特征時，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。e.g.It is kind of you to help me.你幫助了我，你真是太好了。類似的形容人的的形容詞有：nice 好 kind 和藹cruel 殘忍silly 傻good 好lazy 懶惰selfish 自私stupid 笨foolish 蠢 wise 明智clever 聰明 brave 勇敢honest 誠實right 正確 wrong 錯誤rude 粗魯polite 禮貌的careless 粗心 careful 細心 impolite 不禮貌make the mouse smart 使老鼠變聰明make表示“使”的含義，常構(gòu)成make sb.e.g.The boss often makes him do too much work.老板經(jīng)常讓他干太多的工作。We should try to make our country more beautiful.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力去使我們的國家變得更美。getinto trouble意為“使陷入麻煩/困境”，它的反義詞為getout of trouble意為“使擺脫麻煩/困境”。e.g.Dont get yourself into trouble.別把自己陷入難堪的境地。She told a lie rather than get her friend into trouble.為了不使朋友有麻煩，她說了謊話。Dont mention my name or youll get me into trouble.別提我的名字，免得給我惹麻煩。4, they made plenty of Tom and Jerry cartoons.譯文，他們制作了大量的貓和老鼠卡通片。make是初中英語中出現(xiàn)頻率很高的一個動詞，它的用法主要有：（1）做，制作，制造e.g.She made a kite for her sister yesterday.昨天她為她妹妹做了一個風(fēng)箏。（2）鋪（床）e.g.Please make your bed before breakfast.請在早飯前把床整理好。（3）制定，規(guī)定e.g.They have made a study plan for this term.他們已經(jīng)制定了本學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)計劃。（4）產(chǎn)生，引起（某事物）e.g.Dont make any noise in class.上課時不要弄出噪音。（5）使（某人/某物）成為，變?yōu)?，變得e.g.The good news made her happy.這個好消息使她高興。（6）強迫、迫使（某人）做某事e.g.Nothing will make me change my mind.沒有什么事能使我改變主意。（7）選舉（某人），指派e.g.We made Jack our monitor at the meeting yesterday.在昨天的會議上我們選杰克為班長。plenty of意為“很多的，大量的，綽綽有余的”，可修飾可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞，只用于陳述句，在疑問句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many或much。注意：plenty of前面沒有冠詞a，不可誤記成a plenty of。e.g.There is plenty of time.時間充裕得很。There are plenty of eggs in the basket.籃子里雞蛋多得很。5It is easy to understand the cartoons, since there is usually no speaking in them.譯文理解這些卡通片是很容易的，因為在片中經(jīng)常沒有語言。這是It isadj.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，it作形式主語，不定式作真正的主語，如果要強調(diào)不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，就在不定式前加for sb.，即It isadj.for sb.to do sth.，形容詞表示對整個不定式情況的一種客觀陳述，說明不定式如何怎樣，這種情況在前面第三個知識點已講過。不定式作主語時，也可直接將不定式放在句首作主語。e.g. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.=To learn a foreign language isnt easy.學(xué)會一門外語不容易。Its difficult to fall asleep.難以入睡。Its dangerous to swim in the river.在河里游泳很危險。6Instead, the two animals are always running around or fighting each other.譯文相反，兩只小動物總是到處追逐打鬧。instead意為“相反，代替，而不是”，instead of意為“取代，而不是”，有時兩者可以變化互用。（1）instead表示“代替；而是”，是副詞，單獨置于句首或句尾。e.g.Hes tired, lets go instead.=Hes tired, lets go instead of him.他累了，讓我們替他吧。She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day.她從不學(xué)習(xí)，而是整天打網(wǎng)球。（2）instead of“取代；而不是”，相當(dāng)于介詞短語in place of，后跟名詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、介詞、副詞、動名詞。e.g.Ill go to Italy instead of France.我要去意大利，而不是法國。He went there to earn money instead of to spend money.他到那里是為了掙錢而不是花錢的。7In almost every one, Tom gets in trouble with his owner, while Jerry laughs at him.譯文幾乎在每一部中，湯姆總是與主人發(fā)生矛盾，而杰瑞總嘲笑它。get in trouble with (someone)意為“犯事而落到（某人）手里”。e.g.He got into trouble with the police.(e.g.was arrested).他惹事落到了警方手里（如被捕了）。Dont copy my work or well both get into trouble with our teacher.不要抄我的作業(yè)，不然我們兩個都犯事落到老師手里。laugh at意為“嘲笑，取笑，譏笑”。e.g.I cant go to school wearing thateveryone will laugh at me.我不能穿著它去上學(xué)大家會取笑我的。We all laughed at Jane when she said she believed in ghosts.簡說她相信有鬼，大家都笑話他。8Would you like to become a cartoon artist?譯文你想成為一名卡通藝術(shù)家嗎？would like (to do) sth.是一個很常用的句型，它表示“想要做某事”。to的后面要跟動詞原形。下面請看它在各種句子中的用法：肯定句：I would like to drink a cup of coffee.我想喝一杯咖啡。一般疑問句：Would you like a cup of coffee?我想要一杯咖啡嗎？特殊疑問句：What would you like to drink?你想喝點兒什么？對一般疑問句的肯定回答一般是：Yes, please.，否定的回答一般是：No, thanks.。對特殊疑問句的回答，可以說：Id like (to drink) a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。Id是I would的縮略形式。e.g.Would you like to play football with us?你們愿意和我們一起踢足球嗎？Yes, wed like (love) to.當(dāng)然，我們愿意。would like后可接名詞、代詞和不定式作賓語，但習(xí)慣上不接動名詞形式。e.g. Id like an apple.我想要個蘋果。Would you like to stay here?你想要留下來嗎？9If yes, a good way to start is by drawing cartoon faces.譯文如果是的，那么開始的好途徑就是通過畫卡通臉形。by doing表方式，by的含義較多，用法如下：（1）by表示“通過，靠，憑借”。(by doing，by交通工具)常跟在動詞之后用。e.g.She goes to school by bus.她乘公汽上學(xué)。（2）by表示“被，由”，常用于被動語態(tài)。e.g.The glass was broken by me.玻璃杯被我打碎了。（3）根據(jù)，按照。e.g.They are paid by the month.他們按月領(lǐng)工資。（4）在旁邊，附近，靠近e.g.My house is by the river.我的家在河邊。（5）憑靠，依靠e.g.She has gone to Beijing by herself.她獨自去了北京。（6）沿著，經(jīng)過，橫過e.g.Did you come by the nearest road?你是由最近的路來的嗎？（7）by還可作副詞，“在附近，經(jīng)過”。e.g.He hurried by without a word.他匆匆經(jīng)過，未說一句話。10The mummy dinosaur was delighted with it.譯文這位恐龍媽媽對此很滿意。be delighted with (sth.)意為“對（某物）很滿意”。e.g.I am delighted with the result.對于這個結(jié)果我很滿意。She won the match. Her mother was very delighted with it.她贏得了比賽，她媽媽對此很滿意。11、Together they thought of the idea of a cat trying to catch a mouse.他們一起打起了一只試圖老鼠的貓的主意。think of 意思是“想出”例如：Who thought of the idea?誰想出這個主意的？trying to catch a mouse 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作定語，修飾 a cat.例如：Who is the boy standing at the gate?站在門口的那個男孩是誰？12.They thought it would be funny to make the mouse smart and always get the cat into trouble .他們認為讓老鼠變得機靈，而使貓總是陷入麻煩會很有趣。it 在句子中作形式主語，代替 to make the mouse smart and always get the cat into trouble .由于真正的主語很長，這樣的效果是避免了頭重腳輕。例如：They thought it would be difficult to finish the work in two days .他們認為要在兩天內(nèi)完成這項工作是困難的。get in trouble 與get (sb) into trouble 的區(qū)別比較：前者表示“受到責(zé)備，招惹麻煩”例如：Youll get in trouble if you pass your car here.你把車停在這里會招來麻煩。后者表示“使人陷入困境，給別人帶來麻煩” Youll get me in trouble if you tell mum that Ive lost my watch.你要是告訴媽媽我把手表弄丟了，會使我陷入麻煩之中的。13.Most of the cartoons are around seven minutes long.大多數(shù)的卡通片大約有七分鐘長。around 可作副詞，用在數(shù)字的前面，意思是“大約，大概”，多修飾時間和日期。例如：The journey will take around 10 days .Step 2 基礎(chǔ)知識跟蹤練習(xí)一、 單詞拼寫1. I often t_ of my childhood.2. If you put your motorbike here ,youll get into t_.3. We should help e_ other.4. Would you l_to become a policeman?5. How can we make peoples faces look funny and i _?二、 單項選擇1. He found _ difficult to work out the maths problem.A.it B.him C. her D.that2.Dont you think _ a good idea to go to the museum instead of the cinema? A.that B.it C.this D.you3.He found it hard_ his class. A.to catch up B.catch up with C.catch up D.to catch up with4.Its easy _ the question. A.to answer B.answer C.answering D.answered5.Then two cats are always running around or _ each other. A.fight B.fought C.fighting D. to fight【keys】一、 think 、trouble 、each 、like、 interesting二、 A、B、D、A、C拓展練習(xí)1. Her voice sounds _ and she dances_.A. nice; wonderfully B. well; wonderful C. nice; wonderful D. well; wonderfully2. This kind of TV set looks _ and sells _ in the shop .A. nice; good B. well; well C. nice; well D. good; nice 3. The fish smells _ and youd better throw it away.A. good B. bad C. well D. badly 4. In summer eggs go _ easily.A. bad B. badly C. terribly D. terrible 5. Li Ping is my _ friend and does _ in his study.A. good; good B. good; well C. well; good D. well; well6. We should keep _ in the reading -room.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly 7. All the teachers are kind _ him and it is good _ his study.A. to; at B. to; for C. for; to D. for; for8. Thank you very much _ lending the pen _ me.A. for; at B. to; to C. for ; to D. to; for9. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?-It makes me _very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. felling D.fell10. Does Pauls parents need to make Paul _?-No, Paul doesnt have to be made _,He always works hard.A. learn ; to learn B. to learn ; learn C. learn; learn D.to learn ; learn【key】1:5：ACBAB 610：ABCDAStep 3 語法知識講解形容詞的用法、形容詞的一般用法）放在被修飾的名詞前做定語：a cold and windy day；）放在連系動詞后做表語：feel lonely;常見的連系動詞有：a. be, keep, stay, appear, seemb. 感官動詞：look, sound, taste, smell, feelc. 表示“變得”：grow, get, turn, become, fall, go ）形容詞修飾不定代詞something, anyone, nobody等時，應(yīng)放在不定代詞的后面：something interesting）注意以下形容詞加ly之后的區(qū)別：wide（寬闊的）widely（廣泛的）：five metres wide, widely used；deep（深度）deeply（深深的）：five metres deep, deeply moved；hard（努力的/地）hardly（幾乎不）：work hard, hard work, hard understandnear（附近）nearly（幾乎，大部分）：near the school, nearly everyone）只能做表語的形容詞：afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well, ill, frightened；）ly結(jié)尾的形容詞：lonely, friendly, lively, lovely；）-ed（表示人或物的情緒、狀態(tài)，表示被動）與-ing（表示人或物的特征、本質(zhì)，表示主動）結(jié)尾的形容詞的區(qū)別、It is+adj.+ (for /of sb.) to do sth形容詞常表示事物的特征特點 Eg: It is necessary for them to get an electrician to do the work for them. = They are necessary to get an electrician to do the work for them.It is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 形容詞表示人物的內(nèi)在評價（人的本質(zhì)）。Eg: It is very clever of you to work out the math problem in such a short time. = You are very clever to work out the math problem in such a short time.Step 4語法跟蹤練習(xí)一、單項選擇1.This kind of coat looks _ and sells _. A.nice;well B.nice;good C.well;well2.We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so _. A.Well B.nice C.nicely D.wonderfully3.The food not only looks _ but also smells _. A.nice;good B.well;good C.nice;well D.well;well4.I like the song. It_nice. A.hears B.listens C.looks D.sounds5.Would you like to have a try? Yes,very much.It _ to be exciting. A.seem B.seems C.is looking D.will look6.Dont worry. Your son will be _ soon. A.ill B. well C.nice D.tired7.We found it _ to do some reading every day. A.easily B.interested C.helpful D.hardly8.We should keep _ in the reading room. A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly9.John looks so _ today because be has got an ”A” in his maths test. A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily10.The smile on teachers face showed that she was _ with us.A.strict B.pleased C.angry D.sorry 二 完成句子。1. 讀科學(xué)書很有趣。It _ _ _ _ science books.2. 每晚睡眠8小時很重要。It _ _ _ _ eight hours every night.3. 他的主意聽起來很不錯。His _ _ great.4. 物理很難學(xué)。（寫出兩種表達方式）Physics _ _ _ learn.It _ _ _ learn physics.5. 保護環(huán)境很重要。It _ _ _ _ our environment.6. 她病了，不想吃什么東西。She is _, she does feel _ _ anything.7. 熬夜對你的健康不利。Its _ for your health to _ _ too late.8. 他經(jīng)常遲到，他的父母對他很生氣。He is often _ for school and his parents are _ _ him.【keys】單項選擇15：A B A D B 610：B C A A B 完成句子1. is interesting to read 2. is important to sleep 3. idea sounds 4. is difficult to /is difficult to 5.is important to protect 6.ill , like eating 7. bad , stay up 8. late , angry with 課外知識延伸一、名詞、冠詞1.-What can I do for you? -Id like two _.A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple答案: B. (選擇其它三項的同學(xué)要注意仔細看題.不要馬虎, 這里box 和apple都是可數(shù)名詞)2.Help yourself to _. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken答案: C (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意chicken當(dāng)雞肉講時不可數(shù))3._ it is today! A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意weather不可數(shù). 選擇C和D的同學(xué)要注意weather是名詞, 要用what來感嘆.)4.Which is the way to the _? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoes factory D. shoesfactory答案: A. (選擇D的同學(xué)注意這里不是指名詞所有格, 而是名詞作形容詞的用法.類似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)5.This class _ now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studyingB. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意, 當(dāng)這種概念名詞當(dāng) “人”講的時候要做復(fù)數(shù)處理.類似的還有: the police are running after the thief等)6.We will have a _ holiday after the exam. A. two monthB. two-monthC. two monthsD. two-months答案: B (選擇C的同學(xué)要注意應(yīng)用two months; 選擇D的同學(xué)要注意名詞之間有 “ “ 后的組合詞當(dāng)作形容詞來用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.)7._ trees are cut down in the forests every year.A. ThousandB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Thousands of答案: D. (選擇C的同學(xué)注意詞組記憶的準(zhǔn)確性)8.Our sports meeting will be held _.A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, TuesdayC. on Tuesday, April 24D. in April Tuesday 24答案: C. (選B的同學(xué)是受到中文的影響,要特別注意中英文的差異)9_ people here are very friendly to us.A. The B. / C. A D. An答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意這里的people是特指這里的, 因此要用定冠詞the)10.There is no enough _ in the corner to put the table.A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground答案：B (根據(jù)句意知道，這里表示沒有地方放桌子。選A的同學(xué)要注意place表示地點，是可數(shù)名詞)二、代詞11.Some people like to stay at home, but _ like to go to the cinema.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. other one答案: C. (選擇B的同學(xué)要牢記: some., others.)12.- Is this your shoe?- Yes, but where is _?A. the other oneB. other oneC. another oneD. the others答案: