動詞分類及動詞短語課件

1、專題專題 8動詞分類及動詞短語動詞分類及動詞短語 考點直擊1助動詞助動詞 協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞的詞叫助動詞。助動詞是語法功能詞，自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。1幫助構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句句式的助動詞有do, does, did 及 其否定形式。如： Did you go home last week? 上周你回家了嗎？2幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)的助動詞有be, have, shall, will等。如： We are playing an interesting game. 我們正在玩一個有趣的游戲。2系動詞系動詞 系動詞亦稱連系動詞。系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。具體

2、分類及用法如下：1狀態(tài)系動詞： 只有be動詞。如： They are always very happy. 他們總是很高興。2持續(xù)系動詞： 表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主 要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如： I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你會一直保持健康。3表象系動詞： 表示“看起來好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如： My mother seems very satisfied with my progress. 媽媽對我的進步似乎很滿意。4感官系動詞： 表示“起來”，主要有feel(摸起來，感

3、覺), smell(聞起來), sound(聽起來), taste(嘗起來，吃起來)等。 如： The dish smells delicious. 菜聞起來很香。5變化系動詞： 表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。如： The small town is becoming busier and busier. 小鎮(zhèn)變得越來越忙碌。6終止系動詞： 主要有prove, turn out(結(jié)果是，證明是)等。 如： My plan turned out a success. 我的計劃成功了。 提醒提醒有些系動詞也是實

4、義動詞，可單獨作謂語。如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。 3情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣、情態(tài)，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有自己的詞匯意思，但不能獨立作謂語，其后須跟動詞原形。使用頻率較高的情態(tài)動詞有can(could), may(might), must, need, shall(should), will(would)及半情態(tài)動詞have to, had better。1can和could (1)can(could)表示說話人能、可以、同意、準(zhǔn)許，以及客 觀條件允許做某事。could為can的過去式。表示請求 時，could比can更委婉。如：

5、Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的鋼筆嗎？ (2)can 意為“能、會”時，相當(dāng)于be able to (適用于各種時 態(tài))，can只有現(xiàn)在時和過去時兩種時態(tài)變化。如： A few months later, Ill be able to swim alone. 幾個月后，我將能單獨游泳。 (3)cant表示否定推測。如： That cant be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那肯定不是王老師。他已經(jīng)去北京了。2may和might may和might意為“可以”，表示說話人同意、許可或請 求對方許可。 may也可表示祝愿。mig

6、ht 是may 的過 去式，表示可能性更小、語氣更加委婉。如： May I take some photos here? 我可以在這兒拍照嗎？ May you be happy.祝你開心。3must和have to (1)must 意為“必須，應(yīng)該，一定，準(zhǔn)是”，表示說話人認(rèn)為 有必要做某事，或命令、要求別人做某事以及對事物的肯 定推測。如： He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作。 (2)must 和 have to 的區(qū)別： must 表示說話人的主觀意 愿；have to 表示客觀需要。如： I must do my homework fi

7、rst. 我必須首先做家庭作業(yè)。 It is raining hard outside. I have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大。我不得不待在家里。4need的用法 need 表示“需要，必須”。它主要用于否定句和疑問句中， 否定形式為neednt，表示“沒有必要，不必”；回答need引 導(dǎo)的問句時，肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用 “neednt”。 此外need還可以作實義動詞使用。如： Need we do some cleaning now? No, you neednt. “我們必須現(xiàn)在大掃除嗎？”“不，你們不必?！?I need to see the do

8、ctor now. 我現(xiàn)在需要看醫(yī)生。5shall 和will shall用于第一人稱的句子表示提建議或請求；will用于第二 人稱疑問句表示征求意見或提建議。如： Shall we go out for a walk? 我們出去散步好嗎？ Will you go shopping with us? 你會和我們一起去購物嗎？ 6should和would should用于各種人稱的句子中，強調(diào)義務(wù)或責(zé)任；would是 will的過去式，其后跟動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，可用于多 種人稱，表示意愿。如： You should study harder. 你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。 He said he wo

9、uld visit the Great Wall the next year. 他說他第三年將游覽長城。7had better had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后接不帶to的不 定式。如： You had better exercise more. 你最好多鍛煉。4動詞短語動詞短語 動詞與介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的固定短語叫動詞短語。動詞短語主要有四類：1動詞副詞： 常見的有g(shù)ive up, think over, take off, write down, put off等。這些詞組的賓語是名詞時，既可放在副 詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語是人稱代詞或反身代詞 時，則要放在動詞和副

10、詞中間。如： They have decided to put off the meeting. They have decided to put the meeting off. 他們已經(jīng)決定推遲會議了。 Smoking is bad for your health. You must give it up. 吸煙對你的健康有害。你必須戒掉它。2動詞介詞： 常見的有ask for, care about, look for, look after, send for, laugh at, hear of (from)等。如： We shouldnt laugh at others. 我們不應(yīng)

11、該嘲笑別人。3動詞副詞介詞： 常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, get on with, catch up with等。如： If you study hard, youll catch up with your classmates. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)， 你將能趕上你的同班同學(xué)。4動詞名詞介詞： 常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。如： Please pay more attention to details. 請多注意細(xì)節(jié)。考點過關(guān) 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) ()1. The cloth _very so

12、ft and comfortable. A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds()2. Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what_ nice. A. feels B. smells C. looks D. tastesC C()3. Dick，_ I use your e-dictionary? Yes, please._ you give it to Mike after you use it? A. will; Would B. may; Might C. can

13、; Could D. shall; Should()4. I think her dress comes from the 1970s. It _ be from that time. It looks so modern on her. A. mustnt Bcant C. wont DwouldntC B ()5. Must I do my homework now, Mum? _. You can do it tomorrow. A. No, you neednt B. No, you mustnt C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must()6. Rock m

14、usic may _ nice to young people, but most old people cant stand it. A. hear B. sound C. look D. listenA B 解析解析根據(jù)上句“媽媽，我現(xiàn)在必須做作業(yè)嗎？”及答句“_你可以明天做?！蓖茢嗍欠穸ù鹁洌懦鼵、D項； must的否定回答有三種：dont have to, neednt和mustnt。neednt和dont have to均意為“不必”；mustnt意為“千萬不能；禁止”。故選A。()7. Dont forget to take your bag when you _ the bus

15、. A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off()8. Her sister_ a taxi driver. Now she works for a charity. A. is used to be B. were used to being C. is used to being Dused to beA D 解析解析 get off意為“下(車)”； take off意為“脫下”；turn off意為“關(guān)上”；put off意為“推遲”。句意：當(dāng)你下車時不要忘記帶上你的包。故選A。()9. What do you think of my s

16、hirt? It _ cotton. It looks nice on you. A. is made in B. is made for C. is made of D. is made by()10. Allen, your bedroom is in a mess. Sorry, Mum. Ill _my things at once. A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put upC B解析解析 put on意為“穿上”；put away意為“收起來”；put out意為“熄滅”；put up意為“張貼，搭建”。 中考透視中考透視 ()1. 201

17、3宿遷宿遷 Were you sick after six hours journey on the coach? Of course. I _ quickly as soon as it stopped. A. got up B. got on C. got off D. got to()2. 2013徐州徐州 If you _ your name on the paper, you can get a magazine. A. cut down B. look down C. turn down D. write downC D ()3. 2013徐州徐州 Can I borrow you

18、r ruler，please? Yes, you_. But you must return it to me before lunchtime. A. have B. can C. must D. used to()4. 2013宿遷宿遷 The cake_ delicious. I cant wait to eat it. A. feels B. sounds C. becomes D. smells()5. 2013菏澤菏澤 Can we run across the road now? No, we_. We have to wait until the light turns gre

19、en. A. neednt B. mustnt Ccouldnt D. shouldntBDB()6. 2013麗水麗水 How many English words do you think I should know? As many as you _. Then you will find reading quite easy. A. will B. must C. can Dmight()7. 2013泰安泰安 May I smoke here? No, you_. This is a no-smoking room. A. neednt B. mustnt C. couldnt D.

20、 wouldnt CB()8. 2013青島青島 There arent many tickets left for the concert, youd better_ that you get one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plansC解析解析 make sure of意為“確定，確?！保竺嬉话愀~或者動名詞詞組； make sure意為“確保，務(wù)必”，可以跟從句； make a decision意為“做決定”； make plans意為“做計劃”。句意：這場音樂會剩下的票不多了，你最

21、好確保今天能訂到一張票。所以選C。 ()1. The food here smells good, but what does it _ like? Ataste Btouch Cseem Dfeel()2. Mum, when can I go out to play football? Finish your homework first, or I _let you go out. Adont Bdidnt Cwont DhaventA 語法專練 C ()3. The sense of happiness will increase if you _ what you like to d

22、o. Ado Bdid Cwill do Dshould do()4. Spring is a beautiful season when all trees _ green. Aturn Bsound Cfeel DbecomeAA解析解析 if 意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。因此選A。 ()5. Its cold outside. Why not _ your coat? Aput on Btake off Clook for D. put off ()6. The young man broke his arm in the ac

23、cident and had to _ his job. Agive up Bput up Ccut up D. pick up()7. What do you think about Hans? He is very difficult to _ with, but certainly he has a warm heart under cool appearance (外表) Aget on Bget in Cget off D. get outAA A ()8. 2013濟南濟南 Could I_ your iPad, Alice? Of course. Here you are. Al

24、end Bkeep Cborrow Dreturn()9. Could you please help me _ the TV? I want to watch the CCTV News. Aturn down Bturn on Cturn off Dturn up()10. What are you going to do during your vacation? Im not sure.I have no time to _ it at the moment. Aworry about Bthink about Cget over Dcome overC B B ()11. This

25、book _educating teenagers. Would you like to buy it? Yes, Ill take it. Aaims at Btakes place Cgives out Dsets up()12. Please _ these books, Jodie. I want to use the desk to do my homework. Atake away Bgive away Cgo away Dkeep awayA A ()13. Im not sure how to pronounce this word. Youd better _ its ri

26、ght pronunciation in the dictionary. Alook after Blook down Clook up Dlook out()14. Bill doesnt like the sunglasses in the ad because they cant _ the sun well. Atake out Bkeep out Cclean out Dlook outCB ()15. He _ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. Amade out Bpicked up Cgave

27、up Dtook in()16. Four dollars a pair? I think its a bit too much. If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _ to three fifty. Acome down Btake down Cturn over Dgo overBA()17. The sweater is very nice. Ill take it. But youd better _ first. I think it is a little large for you. Apay for it Bput

28、it on Cput it off Dtry it on()18. Jack has never visited the Forbidden City, but he has _ it. Astood for Bbelonged to Cheard about Dkept toD 解析解析 pay for意為“付款”； put on意為“穿上”； put off意為“推遲”； try on意為“試穿”。由答語“我認(rèn)為你穿有點大?！笨芍獞?yīng)選D。C ()19. 2013臺州臺州 Would you mind _ the music a little? Dont you think its too

29、loud? Sorry! Ill do it in a minute. Aturning on Bturning off Cturning up Dturning down()20. Im not sure whether I can hold a party in the open air, because it _ the weather. Astands for Bdepends on Clives on Dagrees withDB()21. _， you guys! You dont want to miss the train, do you? ALook up BGive up

30、CHurry up DGrow up()22. Its said that aliens tried to warn the astronauts on the moon to _ . Maybe they didnt like human beings to get close to them. Astay up Bstay out Cstay away Dstay behindC C 解析解析 look up意為“查詢”；give up意為“放棄”；hurry up意為“快點”；grow up意為“長大”。由后半句“你們不想錯過火車?！笨芍亲屗麄兛禳c。 ()23. Mary heard

31、somebody call her, so she turned _ to see who it was. Aoff Bout Cup Daround()24. Han Han is a popular writer. His new book will _ this September. Acome up Bcome in Ccome out Dcome on()25. 2013瀘州瀘州 Can you help me to _ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong? Alook after Blook for Clook at Dlook throughD C

32、A()26. All the oil in the world will _ some day. Yeah. What shall we use for power at that time? Agiven away Bput away Crun out Dset out()27. 2013黃石黃石 Many students in our school _ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. Aworry about Bcare for Cagree with Dtake careC B()28. Coul

33、d I _ your digital camera again? No problem. But I think youd better go to the store to buy _ since you often go traveling. Alend; one Blend; it Cborrow; one Dborrow; it ()29. Will the hotel _ free breakfast _ the guests? Aprovide; with Bprovide; to Coffer; with Doffer; to C D ()30. How is peoples l

34、ife in the earthquake areas? They are living a much better life than we _. Asuggested Bexpected Cnoticed Dsupported()31. Sorry! I have to go back at once because I have _ my homework in my bedroom. Aforgotten Bfetched Cleft Dtaken()32. Taiwan is part of China. We _ the same history and culture. Aexp

35、lain Bexpress Cconnect DshareBCD()33. 2013聊城聊城 If you want to buy this dress, youd better _ first to make sure it fits you. Apay for it Btake it off Ctidy it up Dtry it on()34. My uncle _ be tired. He has been running for a long time. But my aunt _ be tired. She has just begun to run. Amay not; must

36、 Bmust; cant Ccant; must Dmust; may notD B解析解析 must表推測時，語氣最強烈，意為“肯定、一定”；cant表示否定的推測，意為“一定不(是)”。 ()35. _ you sing English songs when you were 5 years old? ACan BNeed CCould DMay()36. His brother _ play computer games because it doesnt work. Amay not Bcant Cmustnt Dneednt()37. 2013黃岡黃岡 How heavily it

37、is raining! What a pity! We have to _ our sports meeting. Aput off Bput out Cput on Dput upCBA()38. _ I take some photos here? No, you _ AMay; mustnt BMust; mustnt CMay; neednt DCould; wont()39. I _ stop playing computer games because of my poor eyesight. Amust Bcant Chave to DmustntAC解析解析用may提問時，否定

38、回答用mustnt。 ()40. 2013呼和浩特呼和浩特 When you visit a museum you should _ the instructions and dont be against them. Acompare with Blook forward to Cpay attention to Dtry out()41. Look! How hard the snow is! Youd better _ Astay here when it stops Bnot leave until it stops Cnot to leave at once Ddont go home nowC解析解析 had better not do sth意為“最好不要做某事”。 B()42. 2013鞍山鞍山 She hurriedly _ the child and took him down