人教版新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊1、2、3、4單元知識點總結(jié)

1、新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊第一單元Unit 1.How often do you exercise?I. 重點短語歸納：on weekends 在周末1. go to the movies 去看電影2. look after=take care of 照顧、照看3. surf the internet 上網(wǎng)4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skateboarding 去滑滑板watch TV 看電視6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康 keep + 形容詞 表保持某種狀態(tài)do some rea

2、ding 閱讀7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports 鍛煉8. eating habits 飲食習(xí)慣9. take more exercise 做更多的運動10. the same as 與什么相同11. once a month 一月一次12. be different from不同13. twice a week 一周兩次 .three times a week 一周三次14. make a difference to 對什么有影響As teachers,you must believethat you can make a diffe

3、renceto the livesof your students.身為教師，你們必須堅信你們能夠影響學(xué)生的一生。A false step will make a great differenceto my future.錯走一步對我的前程來說會產(chǎn)生很大影響。15. how often 多久一次，詢問動作發(fā)生的頻率一般用 onceaweek，twiceamonth,everyday ,sometimes 等回答。Howlong“多久，多長時間”，對一段時間提問，用“for+ 一段時間”作答Howsoon “多久以后”，in+“一段時間”作答。Howfar“多遠”，詢問距離。how many t

4、imes 多少次，用來提問做某事的次數(shù)16. although=though 雖然 <不能與 but 連用 > Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.)句子中，有 although 或 though 就不可再用 but ，但可用 yet 或 still “仍然，還”；有 because 就不能再用 so.17. most of the students=most students 大多數(shù)學(xué)生18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物19

5、. as for 至于20. activity survey 活動調(diào)查21. do homework 做家庭作業(yè)22. do house work 做家務(wù)事23. eat less meat 吃更少的肉24. junk food 垃圾食物25. be good for 對什么有益be good to對.友好，后加人的代詞或名詞。be good at =dowellin “擅長，善于”后加代詞、動名詞。26. be bad for 對什么有害27. want to do sth 想做某事28. want sb to do sth 想某人做某事want sbnotto do sth 不想某人做某事

6、Want 是及物動詞，可加名詞或動詞不定式。Iwantto speak good English.( 我想說一口流利的英語）29.try to do sth 盡量做某事Tryones to do sth 盡某人最大努力做某事Trydoingsth試著做某事Try 做動詞意為“試圖、設(shè)法、努力”后加名詞、動名詞、動詞不定式做賓語30. come home from school 放學(xué)回家31. of course=certainly=sure 當(dāng)然32. get good grades 取得好成績33. some advice 一些建議some advice中的 advice 是不可數(shù)名詞a p

7、ieceof advice一則建議give advice提出建議take one s advice 采納或聽從某人的建議34. help sb to do sth 幫助某人做某事 =help sb with sth35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables 許多蔬菜a lot of=lotsof36. hardly= almost not 幾乎不 hardly ever 很少，幾乎不，從不37. keep/be in good health 保持健康38. your favorite program你最喜歡的節(jié)目39. Animal World 動物世界40

8、. play soccer 踢足球41.every day 每天everyday 與 everyday1. every day 為“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天 7：10 去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語。2. everyday為“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。What's your everyday activity?42.once or twice a we

9、ek每周一兩次43. three or four times a week每周三四次你的日?；顒邮鞘裁?？44. at Green High School在格林高中45. all students 所有的學(xué)生46. most students 大多數(shù)學(xué)生47. some students 一些學(xué)生48. no students 沒有學(xué)生49.the result of a survey調(diào)查結(jié)果50.the result for“watch TV ”“看電視”的調(diào)查結(jié)果51. improve your English提高你的英語52. drink milk 喝牛奶53. pretty health

10、y相當(dāng)健康pretty adv. 相當(dāng)，非常Pretty （用作副詞時）=rather=very=quite非常，相當(dāng)54. kind of = a little有點I think Im kind of unhealthy.我想我有點不健康。二 . 重點句子：1.Howoften do you exercise? 你（你們）多久鍛煉一次身體？How often + 助動詞 do(does 或 did) + 主語 + do sth.? 疑問詞 how often 是問頻率 (多久一次 ),（在這里助動詞do(does 或 did) 是起幫助構(gòu)成疑問的作用）與一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時連用，回答一般是

11、用表示頻率的副詞，如：once, twice, three times , sometimes, often, quite, often, never, everyday, once a week , twice a month, three times a month , three or fourtimes a month 等。How often do yougoto the factory? Twice a week. 你們多久到工廠去一次？ 每星期兩次。2“What do you usuallydo on weekends? ”“I usually playsoccer. ”“周末你通

12、常做什么？”“我通常踢足球?！钡谝粋€ do 為助動詞 , 在這起幫助構(gòu)成疑問的作用；而第二個 do 則是實義動詞。翻譯： What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies. What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.3. “What s your favorite program? ”“Its Animal World. ”“你最喜歡什么節(jié)目？”“動物世界?！?. As for homework, most studentsdo homewo

13、rkevery day .as for. 意思是“至于；關(guān)于”，常用于句首作狀語，其后跟名詞、代詞或動詞的 -i ng 形式（即動名詞）。如：As for him ，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永遠不希望在這里見到。As for the story ， you'd better not believe it. 關(guān)于那故事，你最好不要相信。至于我自己，我現(xiàn)在不想去。 As for myself, I don twant to go now.至于那個人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothingabout him.

14、5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth. 意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me ？你想和我一起去看電影嗎？The teacherdoesn't want us to eat hamburgers. 老師不想讓我們吃漢堡包。有很多動詞后面用這種結(jié)構(gòu)做動詞的復(fù)合賓語ask sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事tell sb. to do

15、sth.告訴某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事6. She says its good for my health.be good for. 表示“對有益（有好處）”;其反義為： be bad for. 。（這里 for 是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞）如：It's good for us to do more reading. 多讀書對我們有好處。Readingin bed is bad for your eyes. 在床上讀書對你的眼睛有害。7.How many hours do you sleep every night?8.I exercise

16、every day , usually when I come home from school .9.My eatinghabits are pretty good . 這里 pretty 相當(dāng)于 very 。10.I try to eat a lot of vegetables, usually tento eleven times a week .try to do sth. 表示“盡力做某事 ”，不包含是否成功的意思而try doingsth.表示“（用某一辦法）試著去做某事”。如:You d better try doing the experimentin anotherway.你

17、最好試試用另一種方法做這個試驗。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. help sb.(to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.這里 better 是 well 的比較級，而不是 good 的比較級13.Is her lifestyle thesame as yoursor different?Is her lifestyle thesame as yourlifestyleor is her lifestyle different

18、from yours?be the same as / be differentfrom 14. What sports do you play ?15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth. 表示“盡力做某事 ”,不包含是否成功的意思 ,less 是 little 的比較級17. That soundsinteresting.這

19、是“主語+系動詞 +表語”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。sound （聽起來）， look （看起來）， smell（聞起來）， taste （嘗起來）， feel （覺得）， seem （好象）， grow （變得） ,get（變得）等詞在英語中可用作系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語。如：It tastes good. 這味道好。The music soundsvery sweet. 這音樂聽起來很入耳。The smoke grew heavierand heavier. 煙霧變得越來越濃了。18. I think Im kind of unhealthy. 我想我有點不健康。 kind of = a little

20、a kind of 一種三知識結(jié)構(gòu)1. 注意 sometimes 與幾個形似的詞的區(qū)別。(1) sometime 是副詞，意為“在某個時候”，“某時”Will you come again sometime next week?(2) some time 是名詞詞組，意為“一段時間”，做時間狀語用(3) some times 是名詞詞組，意為“幾次，幾倍”I met him some times in the street last month.上個月我在街上遇到他好幾次了。（ 4） sometimes 是頻度副詞，意為“有時”He sometimesgoes skateboardingon

21、weekends.他有時周末去滑滑板。2time 意為“時間”時，為不可數(shù)名詞。意為“次數(shù)，倍數(shù)”時，為可數(shù)名詞，What time is it?I go to the moviesthree times a week.注意“次數(shù)”的表達方法一次once ， 兩次twice ，三次或三次以上用基數(shù)詞加上times ：three times 、 five times 、one hundredtimes.表示“幾次”的表達方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year3same 與 differ

22、ent1.same 指“相同的”，前面通常要有一個定冠詞 the ，但是如果 same 前面已經(jīng)有 t his ，those 等詞，就不能再與 the 連用了。 如：We are in the same class.我們在同一個班級。結(jié)構(gòu)： the same as與. 一樣如：His mark is the same as mine.他的分數(shù)和我的分數(shù)一樣。2.different 譯為“不同的”，其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：We are in differentclasses.我們在不同的班級。結(jié)構(gòu)： be differentfrom與 . 不同如：This sweateris diffe

23、rentfrom that one.這件毛衣與那一件不同。different 的名詞形式為 difference,復(fù)數(shù)形式為 differences 。4hard / hardlyhard: hard 既可作形容詞，也可作副詞。adj. 辛苦的，困難的adv. 努力，使勁地He had a hard (adj.)timein the past.It's a hard (adj.) question.(=difficult)這是一個難的問題。The boy studies very hard (adv.).那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力He works hard. 他努力工作。句子結(jié)構(gòu) ：It

24、9;s hard for sb to do sth 做某事對某人來說是難的。如：It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那項工作對他來說很難。注意區(qū)分： hard work 困難的工作work hard 努力工作hardly 是頻度副詞，表示否定的意思。（=almostnot ）通常用在形容詞、副詞和動詞之前。 hardly: adv. 幾乎不，簡直不I can hardly see it.我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?。He hardly works.他幾乎不工作。It hardly rainshere, does it?5 how often / how l

25、ong / how soon / how farhow often : “隔多久一次”，指動作的頻率，答語常用often, never,twice a week等表示頻率的副詞或短語。（用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時）How often do you go to the movies?Once a week./ I never go to the movies.how long: 1)“（延續(xù)）多長時間”，回答用for 時間段或 since 時間點。（用于各種時態(tài)）； 2) 詢問物體的長度。How long is the Yellow River?How long have you learned

26、English?I have learnedit for 5 years.I have learnedit since5 years ago.how soon : “還要多久才，多久以后”，答語常用“in時間段”。（用于一般將來時）How soon will she come back?She ll come back inan hour.how far: “多遠”，詢問距離。Can you tell me how far it is fromhere to your home?How far is it from your home to our school?Its2 kilometers

27、 away.人教新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊Unit 2 what s the matter?一重點短語歸納1. foot-feet 腳 < 復(fù)>tooth-teeth 牙齒 <復(fù)>2. have a cold =catcha cold =geta cold感冒3. have a stomachache 胃疼4. have a sore back 背疼5. have a sore throat 喉嚨疼6. have a fever 發(fā)燒7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息have a rest 休息8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的

28、熱茶9. see a dentist 看牙醫(yī) see a doctor 看醫(yī)生10.drinklots of water 多喝水11.lotsof ,a lot of,a lota lot of=lotsof，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of ） booksin our library.There is a lot of water on the grounda lot, 是一個副詞詞組，跟動詞連用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanksa lot.12. have a toothache 牙疼13. That s a g

29、ood idea 好主意14. go to bed 去睡覺 go to bed early 早上床睡覺15. feel well 感到好feel ill 感到不舒服I don tfeel well= Im not feeling well我感覺不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth 開始做某事TO DO 是一件事情完成了，開始做另外一件事情DOING 是原來的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開始做了，是同一件事情。17. two days ago 兩天前18. get some rest 多休息 , 休息一會兒19. I think so 我認為是這樣20. be thirsty

30、 口渴21. be hungry 饑餓22. be stressed out 緊張23. listen to music 聽音樂24. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese doctors 傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)26. need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache.I need to see a dentist.我牙痛 , 我需要去看牙醫(yī) .We need to keep our classroomclean. 我們需要保持教室的干凈.27. a balance of yin and yang 陰陽平衡28. for

31、 example 例如29. too much yin 太多的陰 , 陰氣太盛 too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 太多的 much too +形 /副 實在太 極其，非常 too many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 太多的30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 對什么有益 ，對什么有好處 be bad for sth./ doing sth. 對什么有害be good to 對好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅長be good(bad) for 、be good at 的相關(guān)用法1.be good for 對. 有益Doing morningexerc

32、isesis good for your health.做早操對你們的建康有益。2.be good at 擅長于 .Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅長于籃球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長于打籃球。be good at = do well in 如：I'm good at math. = I do well in math.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3.be good to 對. 好Parentsare alwaysgood to their children. 父母親總是對他們的孩子好。31.getgoo

33、d grades取得好成績32. angry 用法 be angry with sb 生某人的氣I was angry withhim for keepingme waiting. 我對他很生氣，因為他讓我等了好久。be angry at/ about sth 就某事生氣33.Chinesemedicine 中藥34.be popularin + some place 在某地很流行Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 現(xiàn)在中藥在許多西方國家受歡迎。35.in westerncountries 在西方國家36.It

34、s easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。 Its importantto do sth .做某事很重要。37.balanceddiet 平衡飲食38.gettired 感到疲倦be/get tired39.go out at night 在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldntgo out at night . 疲倦時，晚上你不該外出40.stayhealthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keepin good health41.at the moment 此時，此刻 = nowIm not feelingvery well at the

35、moment42.enjoysth. =like sth. (名詞 )喜歡某物 ,enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 =like dong sthenjoy oneself(myself,yourself,herself,himself,themselves,ourselves,itself反身代詞 ) 玩得高興，過得愉快 =have a good time = have a wonderful ti me =have fun43. conversation practice 會話練習(xí)44. host family 寄宿家庭45. have a lot of headaches 經(jīng)常

36、疼痛Im tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭痛。46. a few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 少許a little + 不可數(shù)名詞 /形/副一點47.He shouldn teat anything=He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西 .48.givesb some advice 給某人建議 give adviceadvice是不可數(shù)名詞a piece of advice一則建議take one s advice提出建議采納或聽從某人的建議He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的

37、意見。49.sleep8 hours a night 每晚睡眠八小時50.takemedicine吃藥 服藥I have to take medicinethree times a day for my cold. 因為感冒，我不得不一天吃三次藥。51、what,sthematter=what,swrong=what,syour trouble .what,sthematter 后加人稱代詞賓格用with 連接 .二 固定結(jié)構(gòu)Its +形容詞 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事對某人來說是的。Its importantto do sth . 做某事很重要。Its importa

38、ntfor me to eat a balanceddiet. 平衡飲食對我來說是很重要的 .Its easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案對我們來說是容易的三重點句子1.What s the matter ? What s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？=What s the troublewith you?=What s wrong with you?I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache2.That s t

39、oo bad. You should/ shouldn t那太糟糕了 . 你應(yīng)該 /不該You shouldlie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist/ see a doctor .He shouldn teat anything= He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西 .3.I m not felling well .這里 well 表示身體狀況，不能用good 代替I don tfeel well= Im not feelingwell 我感覺不舒服 .4.Whendid it sta

40、rt ? About two days ago .什么時候開始的？大約兩天前5.I hope you fell better soon .我希望你很快好起來這里 better 是 well 的比較級6.TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelievewe need a balanceof yin and yangto be healthy.傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認為我們需要陰陽調(diào)和以保持身體健康。這里 to be healthy 是動詞不定式短語，作目的狀語7.You shouldeat hot yang foods,like beef. 你應(yīng)該吃一些像牛肉之類的陽性食物。8.EatingD

41、angshenand Huangqiherbs is alsogood for this.吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對這有好處。9.Peoplewho are too stressedout and angry may have too much yang.太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽性食物。 too much 后跟不可數(shù)名詞，而 too many 后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)10.It s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and its important to eat a balance d diet . 有一個健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的。 Its e

42、asy to do sth . 做某事容易 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要11.You should rest for a few nights. 你應(yīng)該休息幾個晚上12.I study late every night , sometimes until 2 am, but I don t think Im im proving.我每天晚上學(xué)到很晚，有時到凌晨2點鐘，但我認為我沒有提高。13believein 信任某人，強調(diào)品質(zhì)， believesb. 相信某人的話I believehim, but I can tbelievein him.他的話是真的，

43、但是我不信任他這個人。14 .Ihave a toothache .I need to see a dentist . need 意思為 “需要”，作實義動詞時，后跟動詞不定式，否定式為 don t /do esn t / didn t need (to do sth.) ；作情態(tài)動詞時，只能用于否定句或疑問句中，否定式為 needn t(do sth.) ，除有過去式外，沒有其它的形態(tài)變化四知識結(jié)構(gòu)1.情態(tài)動詞 should 的用法should 是情態(tài)動詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為 "應(yīng)該 ."。should （應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該

44、）用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。eg. You should wait a little more.你應(yīng)該再多等一會兒。- I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厲害。- You should lie down and have a rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。2maybe 與 maybe1.maybe 是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps ”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個問題。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。2.may be 中的 may 為情態(tài)動詞，譯

45、為“可能是 . ”。如：He may be from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。She may beour English teacher.她可能是我們的英語老師與 much too3 too many,too much1.too many 意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：There are too many studentsin our class.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。2.too much 意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：We have too much work to do.我們有太多的工作要做。3.much too 表示“太”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如

46、： The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動它。4few 、a few 、little 、a little 的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：1.few / a few 用來修飾可數(shù)名詞， few 表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有； a f ew 表示有肯定意思， 有幾個。 例如：He has few friendshere, he feels lonely.他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket. 籃子里有幾個雞蛋。2.little / a little 用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，

47、little 表示否定意思，沒有，幾乎沒有。a little 表示肯定意思，有一點兒。例如：There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點兒墨水嗎？5not until 直到 (否定句 ) 才，動詞為短暫性或瞬間性動詞 She didn tleave until we came.He went shoppingafter he got up.=He didn tgo shopping until /before he got up. until/till 直到··&

48、#183;（肯定句）動詞為延續(xù)性動詞 We stayed here till/until 12 o clock.人教新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?一重點短語歸納1. go camping 去野營2. go shopping 去購物3. go skateboarding 去滑滑板4. go swimming 去游泳5. go boating 去劃船6. go skating 去滑冰7. go hiking (in the mountains) 去山上徒步旅行 /遠足8. go climbing 去登山9. go fishing

49、去釣魚10. go bike riding / cycling 騎自行車旅行11. go sightseeing 去觀光12. visit my grandma/ cousins/ my friends in Hong Kong 拜訪我的祖母 /堂兄弟 /香港的朋友13. spend time with friends 和朋友度過14. babysit her sister 照顧她的妹妹15. relax at home 在家休息16. go to sports camp 去運動野營17. go to the beach 去沙灘18. take a vacation 去度假19. go to Tibet for a week 去西藏一個星期20. go away 離開，走開It made me sad to hear you have to go away. 聽到你非走不可，我覺得很傷心21. (for) too long 太久22. how long 多長（時間）23. have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得高興，玩得開心24. get back to school/ home 回學(xué)校 /回家go back= come back=get back 回來get back t