虛擬語氣語法歸納

1、WOR格式虛擬語氣語法歸納虛擬語氣的使用主要體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：虛擬條件句、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn) 用，以及虛擬語氣的一些特殊用法。虛擬條件句虛擬條件句就是對現(xiàn)實(shí)條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實(shí)或與 事實(shí)相反或在現(xiàn)實(shí)中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時(shí)間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種， 即與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實(shí)相反的 虛擬條件句。具體情況請看下表：rj -與現(xiàn)MSM反I件主吾+過去式（從句中系動詞 be多用wetre形式）主舀+ w；翡輿廡汁動詞原最rouht與過去事實(shí)相反If4主語+hati+過去分主語+nvcukishould+have+i 去分

2、詞Scould與將來事實(shí)相反 were憶褊詞康形could例句：1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you.If I were you ， I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.2. 表示與過去事實(shí)相反If he had taken your advice， he wouldnt have made

3、 such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy.If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式3.表示與將來事實(shí)相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.If he were to be given another chance to do it again more.h

4、e could certainly achieveIf it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.1. 虛擬條件句的倒裝在虛擬條件句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性，或突出說話人的一種主觀愿望，虛擬條件句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if,把條件從句謂語中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在句首實(shí)現(xiàn)的，句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should + 主語”。如：Had I been(二 If I had been ) in that situation， I would not have let

5、 the thief escapeawaywith so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought， what should we do at that time ?Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有時(shí)條件從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間并不一致，這時(shí)謂語動詞的形式

6、應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表示的具體時(shí)間來決定。例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years smoothly.， things wouldnt be going soIf the Party hadn t led the Chinese people toliberate the country still live a life in painChinese people wouldand poverty.3.含蓄條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)情并以件 的況不條專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個(gè)介詞或介詞短語otherwi , with

7、o seut蓄條件句。例如：but ， in that forposition )Wit如:，、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來。這種句子稱為含專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式But for the help from you,but , you see , my babyI would not have had the chance to go to college.I would never mind you making such loud noises is in a deepsleep.It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop.虛擬語氣在某些從

8、句中的運(yùn)用在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣，表示愿望、建議或命令等。根據(jù)虛擬語氣的形式不同，虛擬語氣可以分為“ should類”和“過去時(shí)態(tài)類 ”。2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1 ）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。 “ wish +賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是？就好了 ”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“ would/could +動詞原形”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“ had +過去分詞”或“ could（should） + have +過去分詞 ”。如：I wish it were spr

9、ing all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird. 在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise 、propose、demand、require 、insistrequest 、command、order等后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。如：She suggested we （should）leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2 ）虛擬語氣在同

10、位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞 advise 、idea、order 、demand、plan 、proposal 、suggestion 、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“（should ） + 動詞原形”。如：專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.(3 )虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。不相信、理在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣

11、用“ should + 動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、應(yīng)如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she shouldfinish her homewo

12、rk this afternoon.注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。 反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：It is pity that you t swim.can等引導(dǎo)的表語從句指將來狀3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用(1 ) 虛擬語氣在 as if/as though、even if/even though或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時(shí)；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時(shí)；況則用過去將來時(shí)。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were her

13、e, she could not solve the problem.(2 )虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。(b用 e這種從句常用于句“It is (high)time中，？定語”從句的謂語動詞用一般型(that)過去時(shí)were) should 動詞原形，意思“(現(xiàn)在)該？”。如：或+是I s time that I picked up my daughter.tI s high time we were going.t(3 )虛擬語氣用if引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：在only專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.專

14、業(yè)資料整理WOR格式(4 )虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運(yùn)用。 情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door? 用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.should + 動詞原、should 類這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動詞使用形”體現(xiàn)出來的，should可以

15、省略其具體運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)在：1. 在 suggest， order ， demand ， propose， command，request， desire ， insist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the

16、 view of development.2.與 suggest，orderdemand詞相對應(yīng)的sue名詞.、ion虛擬語氣。如：，ord ，erproposedemandcommandpropos al，request，desi ， insis re等動語后句表語從句或同位中要使用The general sent the order that the battle(should) be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy.專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline

17、 for handing in the plan.3.It is/was suggested,結(jié)構(gòu)以demandedproposedetc. )及necessa在(orderedryessent,import，,natur等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：ialantstrangeal專業(yè)資料整理WOR格式Its requested that we (should) keep the stability of the society for the peoples peacefullife.It is necessary that the badly wounded man(shoul

18、d) be treated immediately.二、過去時(shí)態(tài)類英語中，還有一些詞或短語后接的從句或句子，也要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(女如:一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)等 )來體現(xiàn)的。1. wish ， would rather后的賓語從句。如：He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if， as though引導(dǎo)的從句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only ( 要是？，那