寫作范文與指導(dǎo)：09書信寫作(教師版)

1、09書信寫作（教師版）英語四級英文書信寫作要領(lǐng)及參考范文第一節(jié)英文書信的結(jié)構(gòu)英文書信一般由以下六部分組成：信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)尾、簽名。1信頭（Heading）信頭是指發(fā)信人的地址和日期，通常寫在第一頁的右上角。行首可以齊頭寫，也可以逐行縮進寫。地址的書寫順序 由小到大：門牌號、街道、城市、?。ㄖ荩?、郵編、國名，最后寫發(fā)信日期。私人信件一般只寫寄信日期即可。例如：123 Tianhe RoadTianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510620Guangdong ProvinceP. R. C.March 15, 20022 信內(nèi)地址（Inside Address ）信內(nèi)地

2、址要寫收信人的姓名和地址。在公務(wù)信件中要寫明這一項，在私人信件中，這一項常常省略。該項寫在寫信 日期下一行的左上角，格式與寄信人地址一樣。3 稱呼（Salutation ）稱呼是對收信人的稱謂，應(yīng)與左邊線對齊，寫在收信人地址下面1-2行處。在稱呼后，英國人常用逗號，美國人則常用冒號。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公務(wù)信件中一定要寫收信人的姓。大部分信件在稱呼前加“Dear”如：Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen:Dear Dr. Johnson,對不相識的人可按性別稱呼：Dear Sir: 或 Dear Madam: Dear Ladies 。如果不知收信人的性別則可用

3、Dear Sir or Madam:4 正文(Body of Letter )正文是書信的主體。與中文信件不同的是，英文書信的 正文的開頭不是先寫一些問候語，再闡明寫信的目的，而是 直接說明寫信人的身份及寫信的目的，然后提出寫信人的情 況、想法或要求，并加以必要的解釋或說明。英文書信陳述 目的時，應(yīng)該直截了當(dāng)，意思明確，層次清楚，言簡意賅。書信正文的第一句話或第一段，通常被稱為起首語。一 般說來，人們習(xí)慣用一些客套的寫法作為書信正文的起始， 即先將對方來信的日期、主題加以簡單描述，以便使對方一 看便知該信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次給別人寫信， 也可用開頭語作必要的自我介紹，并表明自己寫信的

4、主要目 的。5 結(jié)尾禮詞(Complimentary Close )公務(wù)信件的結(jié)尾禮詞包含兩部分：發(fā)信人的結(jié)尾套語與署名。結(jié)尾套語寫在簽名上面一行，第一個字母要大寫，套 語結(jié)尾后面要加逗號。在公務(wù)信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結(jié)尾套 語有：Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Respectfully yours, Cordially yours, Yours cordially等。私人信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結(jié)尾套語有：Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son/daughter 等。6 簽名(Signatu

5、re )寫信人的簽名常位于結(jié)尾禮詞正下方一二行。除非是給 很熟悉的人寫信，簽名一般須寫出全名。第二節(jié) 書信作文的出題形式和寫作要領(lǐng)2001年6月四級考試的作文題：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday.Youshoul

6、d write at least 120 words according to the suggestion given below in Chinese:1. 表示歡迎2. 提出對度假安排的建議3. 提醒應(yīng)注意的事項A Letter to a SchoolmateJune 23, 2001Dear Xiao Wang,Yours,Zhang Ying從上面的例子可見，書信作文不僅給出正文部分的內(nèi)容 的提綱，而且還給出書信各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)的框架。也就是說， 我們只要考慮如何表達提綱部分的內(nèi)容，而不用考慮書信的 結(jié)構(gòu)。在寫書信作文時，首先要把書信正文的提綱內(nèi)容細化， 擴展成更細的英文提綱，然后用簡潔

7、、明了、禮貌、正確和 得體的語言表達出細化了的提綱內(nèi)容。例如前面的那封信就 可以列出下面的提綱：Topic: A Letter to a SchoolmateQuestion: What are the holiday arrangements and points for attention?Outline: I. Extending my welcomeII. Holiday schedule1. 1st day - campus2. 2nd day - the art gallery & music hall3. 3rd day mountain climbing4. next

8、3 days other places of interest (SwanCave, Golden Lake )5. Last day - departureIII. Points for attention1. Train number & time of arrival2. SunglassesIV. Looking forward to seeing you.范文：A Letter to A SchoolmateJune 23, 2001Dear Xiao Wang,I m very glad to learn that you re going to visit me duri

9、ng the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I amsure you will enjoy every minute here.I have arranged our schedule for the holiday asfollows. On the first day you arrive, Ill show youaround our campus. On the second day, well visit theart gallery and the music hall. Nex

10、t day, well climba hill in the northeastern part of thecity. On the topof the hill, we can have a wonderful birds eye viewof the city. During the next three days, well makesomeshort trips to someplaces of interest nearby, suchas the Swan Cave, the Golden Lake, etc. On the last day, I ll see you off

11、at the railway station.Please remember to call and tell me your train number and time of arrival so that I can meet you at the railway station. By the way, it s very hot hereand we have a lot of sunshine, so don t forget to wear you sunglasses.I m looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Zhang Ying上

12、面舉的是私人信件的例子，下面我們再來看一封投訴 信(Letter of Complaint )。投訴信的目的是為了讓收信人讀信后同情你的遭遇，解決你所遇到的問題。所以寫投訴信時應(yīng)該實事求是地反映情 況，注意措辭，不使用過多的諷刺或責(zé)備的語言，也不要因 為發(fā)泄怒氣而離題，以避免引起收信人的不信任或反感。一般而言，投訴信包括以下內(nèi)容：提出要求和理由；解 釋詳細的情況；把請求具體化以及希望收信人采取行動的日 期等。例如：September 1,2001Dear Sir or Madam:I mwriting to complain about a typewriter I bought seven

13、months ago.In February of 2001 I bought a Jones Typewriter,Portable Special Model, at ABCStore, I had used it only a few days when the space bar broke.I took it to a local shop, they told me it wasfactory defect and suggest I take it back to ABC. ABC accepted the machine and sent the part in. I wait

14、ed three months, and since your company did not send a replacement, they let me have the space bar from another typewriter.Now, six months later, it has broken again. I tookit back to ABC. They are no longer carrying your typewriter, but they assured me that the guarantee is still good and suggested

15、 that I write you for further instructions as to what steps to take.I will appreciate anything you can do to help uson this matter.Respectfully,(Signature)James Bergen寫信日期 稱呼正文第一段：表明寫信的目的正文第二段：具體說明購買產(chǎn)品的時間、地點及出現(xiàn)的問題第三段: 說明嘗試的解決方法 第四段：說明嘗試的解決方案無效， 請求幫助。結(jié)尾禮詞，簽名，打印的姓名下面我們進行寫作練習(xí)。我將給大家一個作文題，請大 家根據(jù)這一講的內(nèi)容，在3

16、0分鐘內(nèi)完成。大家在寫作的過程中要注意審題，考慮文章 的結(jié)構(gòu)、采用的起首語和結(jié)束語等。練習(xí)五：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Xiao Li. Write a letter to Xiao Zhang, a roommate of yours who is a heavy smoker. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestion given below in

17、 Chinese:1. 吸煙已成為宿舍的一大問題2. 吸煙的危害3. 建議戒煙A Letter to a RoommateMarch 16, 2002Dear Xiao Zhang,Yours sincerely,Xiao Li參考文早：A Letter to a RoommateMarch 16, 2002Dear Xiao Zhang,March 16, 2002Dear Xiao Zhang, Recently I have noticed that you have been smoking heavily, which is becoming a serious problem. A

18、s long as you are in, our bedroom is filled with that terrible smell. The ashtray always overflows with cigarette butts.You are ruining your health, destroying brain cells which can never be replaced, not to mention the damage to your lungs and windpipes. Smoking, especiallyheavysmoking, correlates highlywith lung cancer.It ispossible that you ll be caught up with it. I m notscaring you. Besides, smoking is also harmful to the health of our roommates and the friendship among us. The roommates avoid being in the bedroom for fear of being polluted. As a result, the