Derivational and inflectional morphemes 衍生詞素與屈折詞素（課堂PPT）

1、1Derivational and inflectional morphemes2Derivational Morphemes（衍生詞素） When derivational morphemes are conjoined to other morphemes(or words), new words are derived, or formed. Examples: computer-computerize black-blacken affection-affectionate(-en,-ize,-ate are called derivational morphemes) Include

2、: prefixes&suffixes3Derivational Morphemes Prefixes: 1.most of them do not change grammatical class of words e.g:inter+collegiate(adj.), multi+media(n.) macro+economics(n.), tele+commute(v.) 2.some of them change grammatical class of words e.g: en+able(adj.-v.), be+friend(n.-v.) em+power(n.-v.),

3、 a+sleep(v.-adj.)4Derivational Morphemes Suffixes: 1. some of them do not change grammatical class of words e.g: physic+ian(n.), fad+ism(n.) Americ+an(n.) 2. some of them change grammatical class of words e.g:arrange+ment(v.-n.), mean+ness(adj.-n.) fool+ish(n.-adj.), quick+en(adj.-v.)5remarks As men

4、tioned previously, a morpheme can be defined as a minimal unit of meaning. However, this definition is too simple. Because it is difficult to find a constant meaning when a morpheme combines with different morphemes. E.g: -ceive has different meaning in words like receive,perceive and conceive.6 The

5、y are planning to computerize their entire accounting system. It is wet today. Cathy found it exciting to drive on the elevated road. Conclusion: It is not always possible to assign a lexical meaning to some of the morphemes.7Inflectional Morphemes（屈折詞素） Look at these sentences: 1. John has noticed the change in his friend.(-ed) 2. As he was walking to the station, he noticed one of his former supervisors.(-ing) Here, -ed and ing endings are morphemes which do not add lexical meaning but represent