初中英語數(shù)詞講解及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、掌握分數(shù)、時間、日期的表達法。【復(fù)習(xí)要點】（一）基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目，或者說表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。最基本的基 數(shù)詞如下表所示。1 one11 eleven100 a hundred2 two12 twelve20 twenty1000 a thousand3 three13 thirteen30 thirty1, 000, 000 a million4 four14 fourteen40 forty10, 000, 000 ten million5 five15 fifteen50 fifty100, 000, 000 a hundred million6 six16 sixteen60

2、sixty1, 000, 000, 000 a billion7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten說明：1. 1319是由個位數(shù)加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。注意其中13、15的拼寫是thirteen 和 fifteen。2.2090由個位數(shù)加后綴-ty構(gòu)成，注意其中2050的拼寫分別是twenty, thirty, forty 和 fifty;80 的拼寫是 eighty。3 .其它非整十的兩位數(shù)21 99是由整十位數(shù)加連字符-”,再加個位數(shù)構(gòu)成。如： 81 e

3、ighty-one。4 . 101 999的基數(shù)詞先寫百位數(shù)，后加and再寫十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)。如：691 six hundred and ninety-one。5 . 1000以上的基數(shù)詞先寫千位數(shù)，后寫百位數(shù)，再加 and,最后寫十位 數(shù)和個位數(shù)。如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three 。 在基數(shù)詞中只有表示 百”、千”的單位詞，沒有單獨表示萬“、憶”的單位詞，而是 用thousand （千）和 million （百萬）來表達，其換算關(guān)系為： 1萬=10 thousand;1 彳乙=100 million; 10 彳乙=a tho

4、usand million=a billion 。6 .多位數(shù)的讀法：1 ） 1000以上的多位數(shù)，要使用計數(shù)間隔或逗號；”。即從個位起，每隔三位加一個間隔或逗號。第一個間隔或逗號前是thousand （千），第二個間隔或逗號前是 million （百萬），第三個間隔或逗號前是a thousandmillion 或 a billion（十億）。2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101 999。讀的時候十位數(shù)（或個位數(shù)）的前面一般要加 and。如：888, 000, 000 讀作：eight hundred and eighty-eight million 。 基數(shù)詞的用法：2 .基數(shù)詞在句中的作用基

5、數(shù)詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，在句中可作定語、主語、賓語（介賓）、表語、同位語等。例如： Three and five is eight. 3+5=8（作表語）How many oranges doyou want?你要多少桔子？I want eight.我要八個。（作賓語）There are eight boats in the lake.湖里有八條小船。（作定語）2. Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score這些詞前面如有表示具體數(shù)字的詞，它們不能加“s反之則須加飛”并要與of短語連用。例如：three hundred people, five th

6、ousand years;thousands of people, hundreds of students, thousands of trees（二）序數(shù)詞表示順序的詞，叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)詞順序。除特殊情況 外，序數(shù)詞一般都由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構(gòu)成。請見下表：/6A*ZS；r.第二十以上第到第1第1 到用十幾firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiet

7、hseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth說明：1 .英語中表示第一、第二、第三的序數(shù)詞屬特殊形式，要注意它們 的拼寫。2 .表示 幾十”的序數(shù)詞通常是將基數(shù)詞詞尾y變成i再加上后綴-eth。3 .其余的二位數(shù)序數(shù)詞是以相應(yīng)的整十基數(shù)詞加個位序數(shù)詞。如： fifty-first （第五H一、）。4 .少數(shù)序數(shù)詞拼法不規(guī)則，如： fifth （第五），eighth （第八），ninth （第九），twelfth （第十二）等。注息：1 .序數(shù)詞可縮寫為阿拉

8、伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個字母。例如：第一：（the） first=1st第二：（the） second=2nd第三：（the） third=3rd第五：（the） fifth=5th第九十七：（the） ninety-seventh=97th第一百零一：（the） one hundred （and）first=101st2 .編了號的事物要用基數(shù)詞表示順序，但是基數(shù)詞要后置。例如：第一課：Lesson One第三十二頁：Page 32第305房間：Room 305第12路公共7車：Bus No.12序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞表順序，主要作定語，其前面須加上定冠詞the,此外，也作主語、賓語、表語 和定語

9、等，這時，被它所修飾的名詞往往被省略。如：The first （ person ） to arrive is Kate.例如：The first is bigger than the second.（作主語）第一個比第二個大。Give me the first.（作賓語）把第一個給我。She' s oftethe first to go to school.（作表語）她經(jīng)常第一個去上學(xué)。Wd re goingto learn the eighth lesson.（作定語）我們將要學(xué)習(xí)第八 課。（三）分數(shù)表達法先寫基數(shù)詞表示分子，后寫序數(shù)詞表示分母，如果分子大于1時，分母用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：o

10、ne-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths（四）小數(shù)表達法小數(shù)點前的整數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的規(guī)則表示，小數(shù)點寫作point,小數(shù)后的數(shù)字應(yīng)按其數(shù)字直接表示出來。如：18.38可寫成：eighteen point three eight。注意：小數(shù)在句中常作定語，尤其在比較方式狀語從句中被使用。如：This stone is 3.5 times heavier than that one.（五）百分數(shù)表達法（根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇使用）在數(shù)詞后力口 percent。例如：15%讀作：fifteen percent; 60%讀作：sixty percent（六）表示倍數(shù)（根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選

11、擇使用）1）幾倍大?。ㄩL短，數(shù)量） =幾倍（或分數(shù)）+the size（length, amount）。例如： The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。2）比-幾倍=倍數(shù)（或分數(shù)）+形容詞（副詞）比較級 +than+被 比部分。例如： His house is three times bigger than mine. 他的房子比我的房子 大三倍。3）是倍=倍數(shù)（或分數(shù)）+as +形容詞+as +被比部分。例如： This factory is four times as big as that one. 這個工

12、廠是那個工 廠的四倍。(七)表示約數(shù)(根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇使用)1) 多于“用 more than 或 over。例如：The street is over(more than) 500 metres long. 這條街有 500 多 米長。2)小于"用 less than。例如：Three are less than 30 people in the classroom. 教室里不至U三十 人。3) 或 以上”用 or moreo例如： The building can hold 5000 people or more. 那座建筑物可容納 5000人或5000人以上。4) 或以下”用o

13、r lesso例如： We can finish the work in two weeks or less. 我們可以在兩周內(nèi)或不到兩周完成這件工作。5) 大約“用 about, around, nearly 等。例如：The box weighs about 50 pounds.這箱子重約 50 鎊。6) 左右"用or so.如：In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot. 在過去的十年 里，他們改變了許多。(A)年、月、日和時間的表達法1 .年份用基數(shù)詞表達，分兩位一讀，年份前用介詞 in。例如：1999 ninet

14、een ninety-nine 2000 two thousand 2001 two thousand and one2 .月份的第一個字母要大寫，有些月份名稱有縮寫形式。例如：一月 January(Jan)二月 February(Feb.),三月 March(Mar)四月 (Apr.)，五月 May,六月 June,七月 July,八月 August(Aug.),九月 September(Sep.),十月 October(Oct.), HNovember(Nov.),十二月 December(Dec.)。3 .日期的表達要用序數(shù)詞，讀時前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。例如：在 6月 1

15、 日：on June 1st 讀作：on June the first.年、月、日同時表達時，一般應(yīng)先寫月、日、后寫年。如：在2001年5月4 日：on May 4 th, 2001。4 .年代用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示。例如：20 世紀 90 年代：nineteen nineties; 21 世紀 20 年代：twenty twenties5 .時間表達法：時間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達。例如：5 ： 00 five （o ' clock）6： 18 six eighteen 或 eighteen past six12： 15 twelve fifteen 或 fifteen （a qu

16、arter） past twelve4： 30 four thirty 或 half past four6: 45 six forty-five aquarter to seven汪思：1）表示整點時間，直接用基數(shù)詞表達，后邊可接。clock也可不加）。 表達 幾點幾分”時，絕不能用o' clock2）表達“1分”或“4分”時，常用quarter （刻）。3）在倒讀法中，如果鐘點不過半，須用 分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點數(shù)”的形 式；如果鐘點過半，則用 差多少分鐘數(shù)+to+全鐘點（下個鐘點數(shù)）”的形 式。兩組與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的介詞短語：（1） in+定冠詞the+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示年代。如： i

17、n the 1870s或 1870' sin+物主代詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示某人的年齡。如： in one' s thirties o有時在物主代詞后面可加上形容詞early或late使其含義更確切些。如： The young man is at most in his early thirties.注意：帶有數(shù)詞的名詞作定語的表達：a seven-year-old boy, ahundred-metre race數(shù)詞專項練習(xí)(一)( )1. Lincoln was born on.A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12C. 1809

18、, 12 February D. February 1809,12( )2. A boy can sing the English song very well.A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old( )3. An hour later, minister was sent to see the box by those two men.A. two B. the second C. the two D. second( )4. Abraham Lincoln was President of t

19、he United StatesA. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th( )5. Do you think there is any room for us?A. two B. the two C. second D. the second( )6. How many students are there in your class? 一.A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties( )7. Which number is wrong?.A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Nin

20、th D. Nineteenth( )8. The People ' s Liberation Army was founded.A. on August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August cfC. on August 1 , 1927 D. in August 1, 1927()9. The number 4,123 is read.A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-threeB.four thousand and one hundred twenty-threeC. four thousand and a hun

21、dred and twenty-threeD. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three( )10. The old professor still works hard though he is.A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty數(shù)詞專項練習(xí)(二)( )76. Tuesday is the day of a week in English.A. first B. fifth C. third D. fourth( )77. There are seasons

22、in a year in our country.A. two B. four C. second D. fourth()78. The game of Olympics will be held in Beijing in 2008.A. 29 B. the 29th C. the 29 D. 29th( )79. Most of the stars are much more bigger than the sun. But they are light years away from us.A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousa

23、nds of()80.of the surface(表面)of the earth is covered with water.A. First third B. Two thirds C. One three D. Two three( )81. There are people in my family. We live on the floorin a tall building.A. five, six B. fifth, sixth C. fifth, six D. five, sixth()82. Boys and girls, we are going to learn toda

24、y.A. Four Lesson B. the fourth lessonC. the Lesson Four D. the Four Lesson()83. My lovely daughter is.A. eight years old B. eight-year-old C. eight year old D. eight-years-old()84. The flood happened.A. in the summer of 1998 B. in the summer of 1998sC. in 1998 of the summer D. in 1998s of the summer

25、()85. February 28 should be read as.A. February of the 28th B. February of 28C. 28 of February D. the 28th of February( )86. - How soon will you finish your work? In about.A. one and a half month B. one month and a halfC. one and half a month D. a month and half()87. We will have a holiday. What abo

26、ut going to Suzhou?A. five days B. five day C. five-day D. five-days ( )88. We are sure the century will bring us more hopes.A. twentieth-firstB. twentieth-oneC. twenty-oneD. twenty-first()89. What is 1/2 and 1/3? It' s.A. 2/5 B. 1/5 C. 5/6 D. 4/6()90. At the age of, he had his own lab.A. thirty

27、 B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth D. the thirty()91. Five times five is.A. five B. zero C. ten D. twenty-five( )92.are in the army. A. Two their sons B. Their two sonsC. Their sons two D. Two sons their()93. My sister is a student of.A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First( )94. The

28、 boy can count from one to.A. hundred B. a hundred C. one hundreds D. hundreds()95. Their house is about as big as ours.A. times three B. three time C. time three D. three times()96. 一 Would you like some fruit, madam?Oh, yes., please.A. 5 kilo bananas B. 5 kilos of bananasC. 5 kilo of bananas D. 5 kilos of banana()97. This building is for a.A. famil