2019高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法突破四大篇第三部分專題4數(shù)詞講義(含參考答案)

1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法突破四大篇：專題 4數(shù)詞高頻考點(diǎn)清單0框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖L基數(shù)間的構(gòu)成占數(shù)同七基數(shù)間的位置數(shù)詞.總L序數(shù)間的構(gòu)成 序數(shù)間一匚序數(shù)詞的句法功能倍盤表達(dá)法A+謂唐+倍數(shù)+需+原級(jí)+鋁+ RA+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+ than + BA+ 渭語(yǔ) + 倍數(shù) + the size(width/lcngth 等)+ of + E0基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及作用1 .常用基數(shù)詞表Inmoneeleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninety

2、eighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billi on2 .基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成歌訣1至12逐個(gè)記，13至19 teen 結(jié)尾。20至90整十位，ty結(jié)尾是后綴。要是表示“幾十幾”，連字符十位連個(gè)位。若要表示幾百幾，hundred之后and立。若要用于復(fù)合形容詞，連字符相連不加-So注意： hundred , thousand , million , billion等詞前有基數(shù)詞或 several時(shí)，須用單數(shù)；與of連用時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)，但其前面不能再加數(shù)詞。如：six hundred peoplehundreds of people

3、(2)dozen前有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)， 用單數(shù)，of可省略；當(dāng)dozen后面接these , those , them, us等詞時(shí)，須先接 of,再接這些詞，但 dozen仍不加-s ; dozens of中的of不可省。score 用法和dozen相當(dāng)，但of 一般不省略。several dozen pencilsdozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggstwo dozen of themtwo score of eggsscores of books3.基數(shù)詞的位置常位于 another , all 之后,such , more之前，可置于 la

4、st , next , other 之前或之后。another two daysall the ten books14two such pensone more apple his last two days/his two last days4.基數(shù)詞的句法功能主語(yǔ)Three will be enough.(2)賓語(yǔ)The city has a population of three million.表語(yǔ)The population of this city is nearly two million.(4)同位語(yǔ)They two went to the cinema.定語(yǔ)The river

5、 is about eight miles long.o序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及作用1 .常用序數(shù)詞表Inmfirstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventiethsixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhundredthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth注意：2

6、1以上的多位數(shù)詞，只將末位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞，前面的其他位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞。如：21st -twent y-first ; 22nd-twenty -second ; 33rdfthirty -third ; 100th -one hundredth2 .序數(shù)詞的句法功能定語(yǔ)the first day of the weekmy first visit to Beijing(2)表語(yǔ)You are the first to leave.主語(yǔ)The second was even worse.(4)同位語(yǔ)Tom the first , is here.賓語(yǔ)Do you prefer the first o

7、r the second?注意：序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞the或形容詞性物主代詞。This is the first one.This is her second visit to Japan.序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)可用不定冠詞a,此時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序?！癮+序數(shù)詞”相當(dāng)于 another ,表示“又一個(gè)，再一個(gè)”。You d better try a third time.o數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用1. 用于構(gòu)成分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)one thirdtwo thirds/two-thirdstwo-fifths of the students thirty percent of the water six point fou

8、r注意：表示幾分之幾（ 或百分之幾） 的人或物時(shí)，須在分?jǐn)?shù)（ 或百分?jǐn)?shù)） 和人或物之間加of 。若充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：Seventy percent of her income was spent on clothes.2. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法(1)A +謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)+ as +原級(jí)+ as + BThe bag is twice as big as that one.(2)A 謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)as many/much 名詞as BI have twice as many books as he (does).(3)A 謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)比較級(jí)than BThis classroo

9、m is three times bigger than ours.(4)A 謂語(yǔ)倍數(shù)the size(width/length/height/depth等 ) of BYour piece of bread is three times the size of mine.注意： 表達(dá)倍數(shù)時(shí)，常用 half 表示“一半”， 用 double 或 twice 表示“兩倍”，用基數(shù)詞 times 表示三或三倍以上。3. 日期的表達(dá)(1) 某年：in 數(shù)字in 2018(2) 某月：in 月份in May(3) 某年某月：in 月年in May 2018(4)某年某月某日：on+月十日/on +日+

10、月，十年on May 1(st)/1(st) May,20184. 時(shí)刻的表達(dá)twenty-one past/after eight 或 eight twenty-onefour to/of nine或eight fifty-sixhalf past eight或eight thirtya quarter to/of ten 或 nine forty-five5. 年代的表達(dá)the early 1920s/1920 sthe early twentiesthe mid-eighties6. 其他特殊表達(dá)(1)表示“每一段時(shí)間”或“每隔”every three days/every fourth

11、 dayevery other dayevery few days（2）表示年齡in one s t eensin one s twentiesat the age of 17He is twenty years old.He is a man of twenty.He is a twenty-year-old man.（3）用于習(xí)語(yǔ)中one at a time one by one ten out of teno書面表達(dá)中數(shù)詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦1 .數(shù)詞的拼寫錯(cuò)誤fourty（誤）一forty（正）ninty（誤）-ninety（正）nineth（誤）-ninth（正）twentith（ 誤）一 t

12、wentiet h（正）twentieth-first（誤）一twenty -first（ 正）three fifth（誤）fthree fifths（ 正）the 2th of February（誤）-the 2nd of February（ 正）One Thousand One Nights（ 誤）fOne Thousand and One Nights（正 ）2 .特殊表達(dá)中的錯(cuò)誤every other days（誤）every other day（正 ）in his tens（誤）Tn his teens（ 正 ）several dozens of them（誤）several doz

13、en of them（ 正 ）more two days（ 誤）two more days/another two days（ 正 ）You d better try the third time.（誤）You d better try a third time.（ 正 ）*重溫高考真題與模擬*I .單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Actually , this latest children s version , belonging to a program titled Xiao Xigu （literally , young artists） , is in honor of the thirtiet

14、h（thirty） anniversary of the1987 work, praised as the most classic.（2018安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)高三聯(lián)考）解析 “the +序數(shù)詞”表示特指“第幾個(gè)，故填 thirtieth 。2.I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my ninth（nine） birthday.（2017 東北師范大學(xué)附中模擬）解析 句意為：我依舊感謝叔叔在我九歲生日（第九個(gè)生日）時(shí)教我學(xué)會(huì)騎自行車。3.He missed the gold in the high j

15、ump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.（2012 大綱全國(guó)n ）解析 在序數(shù)t前用a,則表示“再次，還有”之意。athefirst prize in the speech contest.n .單句改錯(cuò)（每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤）1.I am more than happy to know you got（2018 湖南張家界三模）解析the first prize 為固定用法，意為“第一名，一等獎(jiǎng)”，而且英語(yǔ)中表示順序的序數(shù)詞前一般用the來(lái)表示順序。所以句中的a first prize 中的a要改為the。2.During thes

16、xh days , a series of English activities were organized.（2018six南師大附中模擬）on the解析 during后接時(shí)間段，此處表示六天，故用基數(shù)詞。如果表達(dá)在第六天，則說(shuō)sixth day 。3.In the summer holiday followingeighteen my eighteenthbirthday , I tookdrivinglessons.（2017 全國(guó) I ）解析 表達(dá)多少歲生日用序數(shù)詞，因此eighteen 應(yīng)該改為eighteenth 。4.I still remember how hardAthe

17、/myfirst day was.（2017全國(guó)I ）解析句意為：我仍然記得第一天有多艱難。表示第幾天,序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the或者用限定詞進(jìn)行修飾。5.It s a big city with a population of about 7millions行而丁.（2。17 .河南畢業(yè)班局考適應(yīng)性練習(xí)）解析 million前有基數(shù)詞7,須用單數(shù)。6.I want to have a pen friend,hopefully a girl intheherearly twenties,and withinterests similar to mine.(2017河南六市聯(lián)考)解析表示不確定的年

18、齡，用in one s +逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。.熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)I .單句語(yǔ)法填空1 .There is(be) one desk and three chairs in the room.2 . 一What s the date today? It s the fourth(four) of July.3 .There are buses to the station every twentieth(twenty) minute.4 .She was the first woman to win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.5.In ord

19、er to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.n.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)are,I.Two hundred dollars7- not large for us , and it s easy for us to gain in twodays.2.Every yearmillionmillionsof people die from illness caused by smoking.3.I have already got two letters from Susan this year

20、,and this isa third one. theof this building.4.We are told that Professor Chen lives on the，wenty，wofloormachine5.Two-fifths of thetwenty-secondon display are new items. machinesm.數(shù)詞填空(數(shù)詞專練)There are l.four seasons in a year : spring , summer, autumn and winter.A year can also be divided into 2.twel

21、ve months.Each month is divided into 3.three periods : the first , the middle and the last ten- day period.Mother s Day falls on the 4. second Sunday of May while Father s Day on the 5. third Sunday of June every year.The 6.twelfth month of the year is December.There are 7.fifty-two complete weeks p

22、lus an extra day, or 8.two in a year because there are 9.three hundred and sixty-five days in a common year but 10.three hundred and sixty-six days in a leap year.綜合演練I詞法篇代詞、冠詞,介詞和數(shù)詞1I.單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)1We can relax ourselves(we) while reading her blog.2 .That young manis honest , cooperative , always there

23、 when you need his help.In_ short , he s reliable.3 .A successful learner is an independent one, who has both a determined will andamazing patience.4 .They are heading for Florida for their(they) honeymoon and plan to frame thetreasured picture as soon as they get back.5 .The dictionary is what I wa

24、nt , but I don t have enough money with me.6 .She did not hesitate for long ； although her father smoked a pipe only once in awhile , she knew that this was a present which was bound to please him(he). 7 .In the end , the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself.8 .The quality

25、 of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.9 .This region is home to many species of wild flowers.10 .She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor. 11 .At the bad news , the woman put her hands over her eyes and cried out.12 .If you

26、keep on writing , you will have a brighter future, likely to become aJ.K.Rowling.13 .I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.14 .A woman sitting next to_ the boy, discovered he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.15 .We used to mistak

27、e that heavy objects fell faster than light ones. (2)16 .The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with those of nature.17 .He said it _ was not nice to eat meat with one s fingers because they were not always clean.18 .The driver was at a loss when word camethat he

28、 was forbidden to drive for speeding.19 .He knew very well the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself(him) did.20 .Johnny Carson began his career in television in his twenties(twenty).21 .Whether it s your birthday or a friend or family member s, decorating your home can be as enjoyable as

29、the party itself(it).22 .Fresh air , sunlight and enough physical exercise are needed for a healthy body.23 .So if you have not prepared enough, having some indoor amusements is also a good choice , which may be much cheaper and easier to carry out.24 . “Never mind, I said. At least you ll know when

30、 your train s late , mine(I) will be , too.”25 .My father is stout and strong, with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes.n.單句改錯(cuò)（每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤）（一）1.An accident happening 2 a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude.2.I think itA_ good habit that in our spare time we read more books of gre

31、at use. a3 .Yesterday , one of my favorite stamps was lost , whichmade mereally upset.Ilookedfor it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, butstill I couldn tfindthemit4 .To improve my grades , I paid more attention-to- theteachers talkinginclass.5.Three years ago I failed an important exam in

32、my life and became a student in aan ordinary school.6.It is possible that some ofweus may have a brother or sister.7.Classes taught in English provide studentsforwh- a better language environment.8.For the sake of our safety and the otherssafety , we should obey the trafficrules.A9.As I was waiting

33、for my order to come,I noticed an old man in a wheelchair rollhimself over to a table.,，一， A .10.I ve been very busy recently , for I ve been preparing for the coming exam , which is vital for me and my future life.11.I ve always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in English -speakingy

34、ourcountries like 訴 to practise and improve my English.12.Up to now , he has become : member of our family and everyone has enjoyed hiscompany.13.After class , I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out,withof school if she hadn t been helped-by- others.14.If I have such a pe

35、n friend , I think we can share our travelling experiences witheach other , taking care of pets,or whatever we have something in common.15.There was once 菖 elderly woman in a nursing home.（二） A 16.In the middle of the term , I became one of the best players in my school.of17.I take great pride in- t

36、hisexperience because it not only helps me realize thatI can achieve my potential through hard work , butmakes meknow the proverb “ Practicem永es perfect ”a18.Last Sunday I saw the- worst storm in years.Itcame suddenly and went on for overthree hours.19.We all love those things so much that we travel

37、thousand of miles to be aroundthousandspeople who love the things that we love the way that we love them.20.I put a little oil,salt and sugar on the steak and mixedittogether. them21.First , be aware of your advantages and acceptyouyourself .22.A large number of students attended to the contest and

38、showed their wonderfulperformances.23.On the stage , though facing great pressure , the speakers bravely overcame it andchallenged thermemves to achieve great success.A24.Through such an activity , we know a lot more about our students.-eight25.Also moving up on the list this year is spinach（菠菜）,whi

39、ch jumps from the.卜巾to the second most polluted product.m.語(yǔ)法填空(2018 吉林長(zhǎng)春四模)No matter where you are , humans are constantly measuring and checking time.Some of us are good at it planning and doing things ahead of time,1.others are always trying to beat the clock and do things atthe eleventh hour.Tard

40、iness( 拖拉)can be serious.If you 2. (be) one minute late forwork , would you resign? It may sound extreme , but that is exactly3.occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament, the House ofLords , in January 2018.International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late , and, as a result

41、 , was unable to answer a 4.(schedule) question.Instead of trying 5.(make) up for lost time , as manymight do, he resigned on 6. spot.He apologized for his discourtesy(無(wú)禮 ) and stated that he was ashamed.His resignation , though,7. (reject) by the UK prime minister.So, how late is too late ? Many cu

42、ltures take punctuality very seriously.In contrast , others seem to view tardiness 8. just the normal way of things.What is considered acceptable is based on culture.That is , if you don t mind waiting , it might be best to attend your 9.(appoint) in good time.And if the worst comes to the worst , r

43、emember the old English proverb , “10.(well) late than never. ” 語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要討論了不同文化中人們對(duì)遲到的不同看法。1 .答案 while解析 考查連詞。該空的前后兩句話之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，所以這里應(yīng)該填連詞while。2 .答案 were解析 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本句是 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，即非真實(shí)條件句。此處是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，所以這里 be動(dòng)詞為were。3 .答案 what解析 考查連接代詞。本句是表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，這里的主語(yǔ)指代的是事情，所以用 what。4 .答案 scheduled解析考查形容詞。在冠詞a和名詞question之間應(yīng)該用形容詞， 所以把schedule變成形容詞形式scheduled（預(yù)定的）。5 .答案 to make解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式。固定搭配try to do sth.（努力做某事），所以這里填to make。6 .答案 the解析 考查定冠詞。固定短語(yǔ) on the spot（在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）。句意為：他并沒(méi)有像許多人那樣，試 圖彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間，而是當(dāng)場(chǎng)辭職。所以這里應(yīng)該填冠詞the。7 .答案 was r