初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解

1、初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法詳解【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞知識梳理】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣，需要與其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。考點(diǎn)一：can，may，must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”，即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時(shí)may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。（2）.表示許可，常在口語中。如：You c

2、an use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中，此時(shí)cant譯為“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？Can it be our teacher?那個(gè)人有可能是我們老師嗎？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長城呢?！纠}】I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.No. She

3、 _be there, I have just been there. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt【解析】根據(jù)下文“我剛?cè)ミ^那兒”可知，應(yīng)為“不可能”，cant表示推測答案 A2. could的用法：（1）.can的過去式，意為“能、會(huì)”，表示過去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫詩。（2）. could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時(shí)could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的

4、鋼筆嗎?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示請求、許可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？You may go home now.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了?！纠}】_ I borrow your MP3?Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】在此處表示請求，意為“做可以嗎”。答案：A (2) .表示推測，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能會(huì)下雨。She may be

5、at home.她可能在家呢. (3) .may的過去式為might，表示推測時(shí)?？赡苄缘陀趍ay。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他離開學(xué)校了，可能是他生z病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你過得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back

6、.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？(2)其否定形式mustnt表示“一定不要” “千萬別” “禁止,不許”.如：You mustnt play with fire. 你不許玩火。You mustnt be late.你一定不要遲到。（3）對must引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt 或dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？No, you neednt.不，你不必。 (4)must表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句。如: T

7、he light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。5. need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，其否定形式為neednt，意為“沒有必要，不必”。用need提問時(shí)，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt或dont have to。如：Need I stay here any longer? 我還有必要留在這兒嗎？Yes, you must .是的。No. you neednt /dont have to.不，你不必。(2).need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接

8、動(dòng)詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now.我需要馬上做這件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個(gè)女孩。如果是物作主語，一般用need doing與need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇門需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car ne

9、eds to be repaired.你的車需要維修了。6. dare的用法：dare意為“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有兩種詞性：（1）dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，無第三人稱單數(shù)形式，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。如：Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎？I darent ask her will you do it for me?我可不敢問她，你能幫我問問嗎？（2）dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：He doesnt dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。注意：在

10、口語中，dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告訴她我說的話嗎？I didnt dare look at him.我不敢看他。7. shall的用法：shall表示征求對方意見（多用于第一、三人稱），如：Shall we go out for a walk?我們出去散步好嗎？在英語中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對方意見。(1).用“Let's do.”來提出建議。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.(2).用“What/How about.?”來提出

11、建議；about后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?(3).用“Why not.?”來提出建議，表示“何不”not面后接動(dòng)詞原形?！癢hy not.?”實(shí)際上是“Why don't you/we.?”的簡略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?(4).用“Would you like.?”來提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎?”W

12、ould you like后可接名詞或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her?因此，如果我們說：“去游泳好嗎?”英語中可有這樣幾種表達(dá)法：Shall we go for a swim?Let's go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?

13、8. should的用法：（1）.should意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如：We should protect the environment.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。（2）Should have done表示對過去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評。如：You should have finished your homework.你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。（事實(shí)上你沒有完成。）9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就會(huì)幫你。注意：1、will在there be句

14、型中的形式及其句式變換。由于“一般將來時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”來表示，所以there be句型的一般將來時(shí)的形式就是there will be。（一定不能說there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week.一定不能說：There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will與be going to do som

15、ething區(qū)別：. be going to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. be going to含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個(gè)意思，如：She is going to le

16、nd us her book.He will be here in half an hour.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用will,如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.10. had better的用法：had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not。如：We had better go now.我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。You had better not give the book to him.你最好

17、不要把這本書給他?？键c(diǎn)二：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問句的回答:1. 對may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustnt. No, you cant.2.對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to.3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時(shí)could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?Yes, you can

18、.可以。（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱，表示征求對方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.【例題】Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?_.A.

19、Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble【解析】A.意為“對了”，B.意為“樂意效勞”, C.意為“沒關(guān)系” D.意為“不費(fèi)事”。答案：B考點(diǎn)三:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + done (動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。如：You neednt get up so early every day.你不必每天都起這么早。She shouldnt speak to her mother in that way.她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說話。More a

20、nd more trees must be planted in China.在中國必須種植更多的樹木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看不到，因?yàn)樗鼈冸x我們太遠(yuǎn)了?？键c(diǎn)四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法:一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。1、can表示推測時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問句。如：That man cant be her husband。she is still single.Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postm

21、an?2、must表示肯定的推測，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now. Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on.3、might表示推測時(shí)不一定是may的過去時(shí)，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster.Where is Mr Li?He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come?He might not come here.4、Could表示推測時(shí)，語氣can比

22、要弱，說話者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be，because it is not moving.5、Should表示推測的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性小一點(diǎn)。如：It is already 10 oclock now。 They should be there.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對過去可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過的動(dòng)作的推測性用法。1、“must +have done/been-”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)2、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實(shí)際上并沒有做”；“shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說話者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier。 (but in fact you did not f