高考語法-虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)

1、高考語法-虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)清華大學(xué)英語系測試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站： 清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供高考英語語法專題講解-虛擬語氣1 虛擬條件句：1.1 與現(xiàn)在事實不一致，其句型為：If +主語did，主語should（could, would, 或might）do.如：If I were you, I would study hard. （可倒裝）If it rained, I would not be here now.1.2 與過去事實不一致，句型為： If +主語haddone，主語should（could, would, 或might）havedone.如：If the d

2、octor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. （可倒裝）比較這一句：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would be saved. -（混合虛擬:要求根據(jù)語境判斷?。?.3 將來事實不一致，句型為：do，主語should（could ，would, 或might）do. 如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（可倒裝）If I were to go to the moon one day, I could

3、see it with my own eyes.（可倒裝）If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.（混合虛擬）P.S:1、If條件句中絕對不可出現(xiàn)“would”。2、根據(jù)句中的時間狀語，有時可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型。1.4 虛擬倒裝：在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to

4、 go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.1.5 without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短語或句子常暗含虛擬（語氣較為含蓄）,分3種情況動詞作同上的變化。1.5.1 與現(xiàn)在事實相反：Without you, I would never know him. But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well. I would

5、be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor! 1.5.2 與過去事實相反：But that she was afraid, she would have said no. I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working. 2 名詞性虛擬語氣：在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆、感嘆、愿望時的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語氣，具體類型有：2.1 遇到：suggest, suggestion, ins

6、ist, insistence, order, demand, request, command, propose,proposal ,desire, plan, idea時:主語（should）do，如：Mother insisted（堅決要求） that John go to bed at 9 oclock.（賓語從句）（P.S當(dāng)insist意為“堅稱說”，不要虛擬語氣！）We suggested that the meeting should not be held.The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位語從句） （P.S當(dāng)s

7、uggest意為“暗示，表明”，不要虛擬語氣！）It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主語從句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表語從句）2.2It is+natural/ necessary/ important/ surprising/ strange/ funny/extraordinary/ suggusted/ proposed/ requested/ ordered +that+主語+（should）+doIt is + a pi

8、ty/ a shame/ no wonder/ an honor +that+主語+（should）+do如：It is stange that he (should) go himself.P.S. 上述詞只表事實，不表情感 Should+do (表現(xiàn)在或?qū)? 2.3 主語+ be+ sorry/ surprised/ disappointed (表情感的詞) +that +主語+ Should+have+done (表過去)(這里的should意為“竟然”)如：Im sorry that things should have come to this.2.4 Its (high) tim

9、e that+主語shoulddo / 主語did，例如：Its time that you went to school. =Its time that you should go to school. 你該去上學(xué)了。（早該去了，可你沒去）2.5 wish后的賓語從句：與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致: 主語did；I wish I were you.與過去愿望不一致: 主語haddone；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.與未來愿望不一致: 主語would（could）do。I wish I could met yo

10、u tomorrow at the party. wish的感嘆句: How I wish+根據(jù)3種情況的相應(yīng)句法 = If only （用法同wish） 如： How I wish I had known the answer. = If only I had known the answer. P.S. wish+從句，表示不肯能實現(xiàn)的愿望，所以用虛擬語氣；hope+從句，表示可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，不用虛擬語氣2.6 would rather/ as if（though） 2.6.1 與現(xiàn)在/ 未來事實相反：did 如： I would rather you stayed here now. S

11、he loves the children as if they were hers.2.6.2 與過去事實相反：had done 如： I would rather you had stayed here at that time. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. P.S. as if/ though 遇到 It seems/ appears/ sounds/ looks etc.時有時依據(jù)以需要，表示說話者認(rèn)為有可能的事實。如：It sounds as if the bell is ringing.【虛擬語氣專項訓(xùn)練】1、It

12、 is important that a college student a foreign language.Awill masterBmasterCmastersDwould master2、It is strange that she without saying a word.Ashould have gone outBwentCshould go outDgoes out3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.Ahad been, would have preventedBhad been, would preventC

13、were, would preventDwere, would have prevent4、“He is a brave man.”“Yes, I wish I his courage.”AhaveBhadCwill haveDmay have5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.AshouldBwillCis going toDwas to6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sentCshould sendDbe sent7、If you the m

14、edicine, you better now.Atook, would feelBhad taken, feltChad taken, would feelDtook, would have felt8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.AisBwasCwereDhad been9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.Adidnt doBhadnt doChavent doneDcouldnt do10、Id rather he tomorrow afterno

15、on.Awill comeBcomesCcomingDcame11_ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given upC. Did he give D. If he gave up12. We insisted that the meaningless argument _.A. should bring to an endB. was brought to an endC. might come to an end D. come to an end13. I _

16、to your birthday party last Sunday. Unfortunately, you were out on business.A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come14. His suggestion that you _once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try15. _him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.A. Did I

17、persuade B. If I persuade C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade16. Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work17. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _some Eng

18、lish to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned18. - We werent sure which way to go. In the end we turned right. - You _ the wrong way. You _ left. A. went; should have turned B. have gone; must turn C. went; would have tu

19、rned D. had gone; must have turned19. If there were no subjective mood, English much easier.（84，17）A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be20. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules. (85,10)A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey21. If she had worked harder,

20、she . (86,10)A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeedD. would have succeeded22. There was plenty of time. She . (87,6)A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried23. I insist that a doctor immediately.(88,6)A. has been sent for B. sends for C. wil

21、l be sent for D. be sent for24. The rice if you had been more careful.(88,9)A. would not be burning B. would not burnC. Would not have been burnt D. would not burnt25. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.(89,15)A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would

22、prevent D. were; would have prevented26. Jenny have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.(91,33)A. must B. should C. need D. would27. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday. (91,38)A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had n

23、ot been; could climb28. Without electricity human life quite different today.（91MET，38）A .isB. will be C. would have been D. would be29. We last night, but we went to the concert instead.(92,33)A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study30. If he , he that food. (93,25)

24、Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned ;would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken31. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.(94,16)A. had to write it out B. must have written i

25、t outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out32. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. (96,19)A. drove, didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got33. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she somethin

26、g she would regret later.(96上海,21)A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said34. I wish I _ you yesterday. (88, 40)A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see35. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (NMET/上海/2000/36)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. s

27、hould lie36. What would have happened _, as far as the river bank? (NMET/Shanghai/2001/40)A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther37. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (NMET/Shanghai/2001/spr./40

28、)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored38. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (NMET/Shanghai/spr./2002/31)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had39. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the

29、 Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (NMET/Shanghai/2002/37)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. shall fall D. were to fall40. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. (NMET/Shanghai/2003/spr./40)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow41. If the traffic hadnt

30、 been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. (2005/湖南/30) What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been42. We missed you at this mornings meeting, Diana. _, but if I hadnt had to meet a friend, I would have been there. (2005/重慶/35)A. Me, too B. Im sorry C. Never min

31、d D. Thank you43. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. (2006/全國I/31)A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened44. If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006/福建/27)A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not45. _ fired, your he

32、alth care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006/湖北/31)A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be虛擬語氣專項答案：1、B2、A3、A4、B5、A6、D7、C8、C9、B10、D11B 12.D 13 D 14.A 15.D16.C 17.A 18.A選校網(wǎng) 高考頻道 專業(yè)大全 歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線 上萬張大學(xué)圖片 大學(xué)視頻 院校庫高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析Unit13-14重點句型1. Our eating habi

33、ts have changed, as has our way of life.2. Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.3. Each time we celebrate a festival it change a little.4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.5. Not all of them are bad for us.6. Some food do

34、es have nutrients.7. There seems to be no other choice. 重點詞匯1examine vt. 檢查2. energy n. 精力，能量3. fuel n. 燃料，營養(yǎng)物4. diet n. 日常飲食5. product n. 產(chǎn)品6. mineral n. 礦物7. function n. & vi. 功能，作用，起作用8. chemical n. & adj. 化學(xué)制品，化學(xué)的9. balance vt. & vi. 平衡10. supplement n. 補(bǔ)充11. fit adj. 健康的，適合的 v.適合12. digest vt.

35、消化，領(lǐng)會13. gain vt. 增加，獲得14. sleepy adj. 困乏的15. tasty adj. 可口的16. symbol n. 象征17. conflict n. 沖突18argument 7j爭論19. honour n. & vt. 榮譽(yù)，給以榮譽(yù)20. ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗21. respect vt. 尊敬22. celebration n. 慶祝23. light vt. 點燃，照亮24. faith n. 信任，忠實25. creativity n. 創(chuàng)造力26. purpose n. 目的，意圖27. principle n. 法則，原則28.

36、commercial adj. 商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的29. similar adj. 相似的30. advise vt. 建議，勸告 重點短語1. make a choice 做出選擇2. now and then 有時，偶爾3. dross up 盛裝，打扮4. in ones opinion 按照的看法5play a trick on sb開某人的玩笑6. take in 欺騙，攝取7. in the future 未來8. lose weight 減肥9. keep up with 與保持一致10. be good for 對有好處11. be based on 以為基礎(chǔ)12. be care

37、ful with 小心，警惕13. look into the eyes 坦然地正視某人14. care about 關(guān)心15. lead / live an unhealthy life 過著不健康的生活16. be rich in 豐富17. combine.with. 結(jié)合18. a new cycle of life 輪回轉(zhuǎn)世19. in other words 換句話說20. be short of 短缺短語闖關(guān) 下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填人一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過炎，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?1. _ foo

38、d 垃圾食品2. _ to 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該3. plenty _ 許多，大量的4. keep _ with 跟上；趕上5. _ a choice 作出選擇6. now _ then 時而，不時；偶爾7. roll _ (使)成卷(或筒、球)形8. dress _ 盛裝；(喬裝)打扮；裝飾9. _ ones opinion按照的看法10. _ a trick on sb. 開某人玩笑；欺騙某人；捉弄 某人11. take _ 欺騙；攝取12. (be) short _ 缺乏13. _ fit 保持健康14. lose (some) _ 減肥15. be harmful _ 對有害16. be car

39、eful _ 小心，警惕，當(dāng)心17. in _ words換句話說18. make _ with與交朋友19. care _ 關(guān)心2O. get _ 下車21. go _ 適用于；應(yīng)用于22. _ purpose故意地23. as _ as和一一樣好；也24. ask (.) _ (向某人)要求得到某物25. be prepared _ 為做準(zhǔn)備 交際用語1. Ive got a pain here. This place hurts.2. There is something wrong with .3. I dont feel well.4. Lie down and let me exa

40、mine you.5. Drink plenty of water and get some rest.6. In my opinion, we should .7. I hope we can make a decision.8. I don t think it is necessary to . 詞匯短語1. balance vt. / vi. / n. 平衡；使平穩(wěn) balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在結(jié)冰的路上行走很難保持平衡。 When you learn to

41、ride a bike you must learn to balance. 你學(xué)騎自行車時必須學(xué)會保持平衡。 詞組lose / keep ones balance 失去保持平衡 be in the balance 懸而未決；猶豫 on balance 考慮周全 strike a balance 力求公平 balanced diet 均衡的飲食2. fit v. 適合 adj. 健康的，適合的 This dress doesnt fit me. 這衣服不適合我。 Your theory fits all the facts. 你的理論與全部事實相符合。 It would be months b

42、efore he was fit for the job. 他要幾個月才能適應(yīng)這項工作。 You look very fit, Mike. 邁克，你看上去很健康。 詞組 keep fit 保持健康 Martha goes to keep fit classes and does exercises every morning. 瑪莎每天早上去健身班上課做體操。3. light vt. / vi. 點燃；照亮；發(fā)出喜悅的亮光 light adj. 輕的 light n. 光線；燈 lighted adj. 點燃了的 He lighted his cigarette，said good night

43、 and went out. 他點燃煙，說聲晚安就出去了。 One large lamp lit the room. 一只大電燈照亮了整個房子。 詞組 light up 點燃；照亮；變得高興起來 bring / come to light 為人所知 shed / throw light on 使明白，解釋 (to make clear； explain)4. advise vt. 勸告；建議；忠告 advice U 勸告； adviser n. 顧問；勸告者advise sth. 建議某事/ sb. (not) to do sth. (勸告某人) / doing sth. 建議做某事 / sb

44、. + 疑問詞 + 不定式 建議某人怎么樣 / (sb.)that + 主語 + (should) do sth. 建議某人應(yīng)做某事He advised an early start./ me to start early/ starting early/ (me) that I (should) start early. Could you advise me what to do next?5. dress vt./ vi. / n. (1) vt. A. 給穿衣服。表穿的動作，用于dress sb. / oneself 結(jié)構(gòu) She hurriedly dressed her son a

45、nd took him to the kindergarten. 她匆匆忙忙地給她兒子穿好衣服，然后帶他到幼兒園。 B. 用過去分詞作表語，表示穿著的狀況。 The man is poorly dressed 那人衣衫襤褸。 C. be / get dressed in 表示穿著的衣服，后面接表 示衣服或者顏色的詞。 The two foreign students were both dressed in Chinese style clothes. 那兩個外國學(xué)生都穿著中式衣服。 (2) vi. A. 穿衣；穿(夜)禮服，后面常接副詞或表示 目的、場合的介詞短語。 Ill be ready

46、 in a moment; Im dressing. 我一會兒就準(zhǔn)備好；我正在穿衣服。 Few people dress for dinner now. 現(xiàn)在很少有人穿禮服赴宴了。 They all dressed well (badly). 他們都穿得不錯(不好)。 B. dress up 穿上盛裝，喬裝打扮(指歐美人在化裝舞 會或演戲時穿的特殊服裝)。 Dont bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不著講究穿衣服，就穿平常的衣服來吧。 (3) n. 女服；禮服；服裝 dress 作“女服”、“禮服”解時是可數(shù)名詞，作“服裝”講 時，是不可數(shù)名詞。 A

47、t the palace ball, all the women wore their smartest dresses. 詞語比較1. pain, ache, hurt 三詞都可表示“疼痛”，但pain常作名詞，有時也作動 詞，可指一般的疼痛。ache常作動詞，指局部較持久 的疼痛，是隱痛，作名詞常出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合詞中。hurt只 作動詞，常指精神、感情傷害，也指肉體上疼痛。 I have pains (a pain / pain) in the arm. 我手臂痛。 His head aches when the weather is hot. 天氣一熱，他就頭痛。 I was hurt at

48、his words. 我對他的話感到不快。 Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿還疼嗎?2. a bit, a little (1) a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修飾動詞、形容詞、副 詞及其比較級，可以換用，表示“一點兒”。如： The speaker spoke up a bit / a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演講者把嗓音提高一點，以便使別人聽得清楚。 (2) a bit 和 a little 在否定句中，意思正好相反。 not a bit = not at all not a

49、little = very much / extremely Im not a bit tired. = Im not tired at all. 我一點也不累。 Im not a little tired. = Im very tired. 我非常累。 (3) a little 可直接作名詞的定語，而 a bit 則要在后面 加 of 構(gòu)成短語才能作定語，二者都只能修飾不可數(shù) 名詞。 Theres only a little / a bit of food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一點兒食品了。 注意 a bit of 的復(fù)數(shù)是 bits of，而a little不能變復(fù) 數(shù)

50、。3. in a / one word, in other words, in words (1) in a / one word意思是“簡言之，總之”。一般作 插入語，通常位于句首，用逗號與句子隔開。 In a word, we must learn English well. 總之，我們必須學(xué)好英語。 (2) in other words 意思是“換句話說”“換言之”，常位 于句首，對前面所說的話進(jìn)行解釋。 You failed the exam this timeIn other words, you didnt pass the exam this time. 你這次沒有通過考試。換句話說，你這次考試沒及 格。 (3) in words 意思是“用語言，口頭上”，也可以寫為 with words，通常位于句末。 I do not want you simply to promise me with / in words that you will be good. 我并不要求你們只在口頭上答應(yīng)我你們要做好學(xué) 生。 I cant describe it in / with words. 我無法用語言來描述。4. allow, permit, let, promise (1) allow 和 p