本地研發(fā)黑龍江省爾濱市人教版八年級下主謂一致教師版

1、主謂一致_了解主謂一致的定義掌握主謂一致的用法謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。一、“三個(gè)一致”原則1. 語法一致的原則1 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is nesary for a student.（2）由 and 或 bothand 連接的并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用

2、復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Both he and I are right.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.（3）由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由 each, every 修飾時(shí)，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to rec

3、eive education.Eaan and each woman is asked to help.（4）主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.was late for class.Nobody but two boysBread and butter is a daily foodhe west.（5） 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如 people,詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：, clothes 等作主語時(shí)

4、，謂語動A lot of people are dancing outside.（6）由 each, some, any, no, every數(shù)。例如：Theare looking for lost boy.的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞都用單Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.（7）有兩部分的物體的名詞，如 glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors等作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Where are my shoes? I cant find them.Your trousers ar

5、e dirty. Youd better change them.如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of 等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于 pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some ne2. 意義一致的原則irs of shoes.My neir of socks is on the bed.（1）表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.（2）有些集合名詞，如 family, team 等作主語時(shí)，如作為一個(gè)整體動詞用單

6、數(shù)；如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：，謂語My family is big one.My family are watchin.（3）不定代詞由 all, most, more, some, any, none 作主語時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.（4）疑問代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義

7、，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Who is your brother?Who are club members?（5）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”的詞組作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞要以 of 后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：It is saidt 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three fourths of the surfaceof the earth is sea.（6）half, the rest 等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時(shí)，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：I have

8、 read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.（7）由 what 引導(dǎo)于從句作主語時(shí)，通常謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What she said is correct.What she left me are a few old books.（8）凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞（或分詞）”作主語，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。

9、如果這種主語指的是一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The sick have been cured and the los.3. 鄰近一致(就近一致)的原則ve been found.The dead is a famous（1）由連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。例如：Either you or I am right.about it.Neither the children nor the te

10、acher knows anything在“There be” 句型中,謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.就遠(yuǎn)一致as well as 和名詞連用時(shí),謂語動詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他對這件事也有責(zé)任。（4）以 here 開頭的句子，其謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。some books for you.Here is a letter and主謂一致?？记闆r1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式；復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)

11、數(shù)形式。The desk （is / are）Toms. 這張桌子是的。Some water （is / are）he bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。The students （is / are）playing football on the playground.這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。2. moreMoren one + 單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。n one student （has / have）ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過。3. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。Two months （is / are）

12、a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長假。Twenty pounds （is / are）not so heavy. 2 0 磅并不太重。算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這Ten離。（is / are）not a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很長的距Five minus four （is / are）one. 5 減 4 等于 1。4. 主語是 each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl （has / have）got a seat.每個(gè)男孩和有一個(gè)座位。都Every man

13、and every woman （is / are）at work.每個(gè)在工作。5. one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。和女人都One and a half hours （is / are）enough.一個(gè)6. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。足夠了。To see （is / are）to beve. 眼見為實(shí)。ng eye exercises （is / are）good for your eyes.做眼睛眼睛十分有益。7. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A student or two （like / lik

14、es）to listen to this new teachers class.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生喜歡聽這位新老師的課。操對你的8. 當(dāng)主語部分(主語是單數(shù)時(shí))含有 with，together wilong wis well as，besides，except，but，like 等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語動詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。Mike with his father （has / have）been to England.過英格蘭。Mike, like his brother, （enjoy / enjoys）playing footb

15、all.像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。The students as well as the teacher （was / were）presen開會的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們和老師都在場。同他的父親去the meeting.9. 由 and 連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但 and 所連接的并列主語是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。The writer and teacher （is / are）coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和

16、教師指同一個(gè)人)The writer and the teacher （is / are）coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)A knife and fork （is / are）on the table. 桌子上放著一副刀叉。10. people,等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；family, class, group,team 等集體名詞作主語，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)一個(gè)的具體成員時(shí)，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。People here （is / are）very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。His family （is / are）not la

17、rge. 他家的人不多。My family all （like / likes）watchin視。.一家人都喜歡看電不定代詞 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, every- one, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。（Is / Are）everyone here today? 今天大家到齊了嗎？ Something （is / are）wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody （was / were）in. 沒有人在家。each,

18、 either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each of them （has / have）an English dictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neither answer （is / are）correct.兩個(gè)都不正確。13. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如 news,maths, physics 等。Ns （is / are）good news.沒有消息就是好消息。Maths （is / are）very popular in our class在班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。14. 由 bond連接

19、兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。但是如果 either, each, neither 作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。Either my wife or I （am / is / are）going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else （know / knows）the answer. Not only you but also he （is / are）ready to leave.Eac

20、h of us（has / have）got a new story book.Neither of the books（is / are）veryeresting.15. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”時(shí)，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但 a variety of, a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 而 thenumber of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A number of students （is / are）going to visit this place ofThe number of the

21、 students （is / are）over 800erest.16以 here，there 開頭的句子，若主語在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。There （is / are）a book and three pens on the desk.Here （is / are）some books and pr for you.17. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。The poor （is / are）very happy, but the rich （is / are）sad.The beautiful （live / lives

22、）forever. 美是永存的。I. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Two thousand(be) too far for us to travel over a short vacation.2. The oldy country (be) cared for by their children and grandchil-dren. 3. There (be) a pair of trousers on the sofa.4. Ten divided by two (equal) five.5. The Chipeople (be) a great people.6. Nobody b

23、ut Tim and Tom (be)he room.7. Lilike many girls (like) dancing.Every boy and every girl (want) to go there.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth (be) sea.All of the work (be) finished. II.選擇填空。1. The rich not always happy.A. areB. isC. hasD. have2. The old woman, together with her two grandsons,

24、 crossing the road.A. areB. isC. hasD. have3. This pair of trousers Lucys. Your trousers on your bed.A. is, areB. is, isC. are, areD. are, is4. Ten kilometers a very long way to go in a day.A. areB. hasC. isD. have5. Climbing hills bettern having classes.A. areB. isC. wasD. have6. What he wanted to

25、know why they didntl him.A. areB. wasC. wereD .is7. Either you or he to stay at home this afternoon.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is8. Neither of the twins bread.A. likeB. likesC. likedD. is like9. Fish and chips my favorite food.A. isB. areC. hasD.eur city.10. The singer and dancer coA. areB. isC. haveD. h

26、as11. Three-fourths of the water gone.A. isB. areC. haveD. were12. Everybody, men and women, young and old, listening to the radio here.A. enjoysB. enjoyC. is enjoyedD. are enjoyed13. Either Tom or Maria sure to know the answer.A. areB. beC. isD. were14. Neither you nor he how to answer the question

27、.A. knowB. knowsC. knowingD. to know15. I as well as they ready to help you.A. amB. areC. isD. be1. Would you do me the favor to carry the box for me?.A. NoallB. Never mindC. With pleasureD. Yes, its really sorry 2. in or out, he always closes all the windows.A. EitherB. NeitherC. WhetherD. Both3.at

28、tend the meeting in Beijing next month.A. heldB. to be heldC. holdingD. hold4. The headmaster asked his students what they themselves on Saturday. A. did withB. dealt withC. made upD. took upic.A. a; anB. the; anC. a; theD. /；an6. There was a talk betn Korea and The US lastk.A. friendB. friendlyC. f

29、riendshipD. friendless7. Its too late to go to the cinema now. , its starting to rain. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. MeanwhileD. Anyhow5. Such fine weather is unusual chance for us all to go for a單項(xiàng)填空8. Why dont you go home?Ill do so when I my.A. shall finishB. will finishC. have finishedD. finished9. My c

30、lass teacher as well as other teachers very kind to me.10. In front of my house to the sea.A. a riversB. a riverC.a riverD.s a river11. The manhe photo is just like your brother.Well, its .A. a photo of my brotherB. a photo of my brothers C. one of my brotherD. of my brotherHave you any trouble find

31、ing your way in Shanghai?Yes, I tried to find my way to the airport but . A. has been lostB. get lostC. lostD. got lostToday, many polluted rivers cleaner and cleaner. A. becameB. areingC. haveeD.eWas it when he was a young man he joined the army?A. whoB. whatC.tD. and15. Sorry, I cant go to your pa

32、rty.What can you ngt?A. keep; / B. protect; from C. pretend; from D. prevent; from_1. Either Jane or Steven watchinnow.A. wereB. isC. wasD. are2. Two days enough for me to finish the work, I need a thirdday.A. isntB. isC. aretD. are3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day?Six lessons a day. An

33、d each of then 45 minutes.A. lastB. lastsC. haveD. are4. Neither Linor I a basketball player.A. areB. isC. doD. doesA. amB. isC. beD. are5. There many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A. isB. arentC. isntD. are6. The number of the students in our school 1200.A. isB. areC. hasD. have7. Maths m

34、y favorite subject.A. beB. isC. amD. are8. The boy with the two dogscity.when the earthquake rocked theA. were sleC. was slengngB. is sleD. are slengng9. Every one except Tom and Johngan.there when the meeting be-A. are10.B. isC. wereD. wast place is noteresting at all, of us wants to go there.A. Ne

35、itherB. BothC. AllD. Some11. Nobody but Jane the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knowD. is12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?There some eggs and cakes on it.A. isB. areC. wasD. were13. This pair of glasses mine.A. areB. beC. isD. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.A. i

36、nvitedC. had invitedB. was invitedD. were invited15. Two months quite a long time.Yes, Im afraidt he will miss lots of his lessons.A. is16.B. areC. wasD. werehe city the old .A. take good care ofC. is taken good care ofB. are taken good care ofD. are been taken good care of17. His family all very ki

37、nd and friendly, His family a happyone.A. are, isB. is, isC. are, areD. is, are18. The singer and the dancer come to Beijing.A. has B. have19. The childrenC. areD. ishis class each new school bag.A. haveB. hasC. has gotD. are having20. All but one here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were21. If Bo

38、bs wife wont agree to go on holiday in wer,.A.neither he willC. neither will heB. neither wont heD. he wont neither22. I havent finished myyet.C. He has tooA. so has heB. Neither he hasD. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “.”A. I am soB. So am IC. So go ID. So I go24. You a