高考英語學習提升課堂：“查結(jié)構(gòu)、看標點”求解“七選五”

1、高考英語學習提升課堂：“查結(jié)構(gòu)、看標點”求解“七選五”“七選五”的文章有五個空格，共提供七個備選項，要求考生從七個選項中 選出五個合適的選項，填入對應 空白處。每個空格有七種選擇，因此，解題難 度較大。20162021年高考英語全國卷的“七選五”有六次（2016年 全國卷II、 2017年全國卷H、2018年全國卷I、2020年全國卷II、2021年全國甲卷和 乙卷）把標點符號從七個選項中移至語篇當中，甚至把一些單句的主干抽出來 作為選 項，語篇中只留下次要成分，這就打破了設空處是完整的 句子這一局面, 增添了對復合句中主、從句和并列分句的 考查。設空已由單一化向多元化轉(zhuǎn)變， 考查方式變得多樣

2、化，對考生的語篇理解能力的考查更全面。根據(jù)語篇中句子 的殘存部分的內(nèi)容去補全句子，更能考查出考生的語境分析能力和語意判斷能 力。對于“七選五”試題的解答，除了“看位置、析邏輯、找復現(xiàn)”外，句子結(jié)構(gòu) 和標點符號也是非常重要的解題信息。一、根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)求解1.如果題目設在段落標題處，考生可以通過其他段落 的小標題的句式來縮 小選擇范圍。如果其他段落的小標題 是祈使句，本段標題也應該是祈使句；如 果其他段落的小標題是名詞短語，本段標題也應該是名詞短語?？s小選擇范圍 之后，再依據(jù)段落內(nèi)容來鎖定答案。【鏈接高考】（2016年全國卷II節(jié)選）37Some people may think that a g

3、arden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers （月巴 料）.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants. However, there are a number of other reasons that might expla

4、in why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall （回憶）your childhood memoriesKnow why you gardenFind a good place for your own garden【解題思路】本題考查對段落小標題的選擇。首先根據(jù)下文的另一個小標 題“Recall （回憶）your childhood memories （祈使句）”, 可以將選擇范 圍 縮 小 到“A. Know why you garden” 和“B. Find a good place f

5、or your own garden”, 再根據(jù) 段落中 的“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.“可知, 該段主要是 分析建設私人花園的原因。故選Ao2.在很多“總一分”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章中，每個段落都有主 旨句，這些主旨句往往 句式相同。因此，如果設題處在段首，并且是本段的主旨句，那么可根據(jù)其他 段落首句的結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合下文表達的內(nèi)容來確定答案?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021年全國甲卷節(jié)選）Swap. Do

6、nt Shop!You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesnt end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources （資源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing （or throwing out old clothing） is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-

7、good-but-yoifre-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom FL floor? Hold a clothing swap. Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization o

8、f the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. Its really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.38 . They should also prepare plen

9、ty of reusable bags to carry their new” clothes home.Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swa

10、p should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them-things always look different when you put them on.Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go”, or turn on a certain song, or whatever. Just keep music playing throughout. And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember,

11、 its a party!Less people than thatHold a clothing swapIf two people are competingJust keep music playing throughoutDonate whatever clothes are left overHave everyone put their clothes in the right spotsTell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【解題思路】本題要求考生選主旨句。由于每段前都 有實心圓點，因此可 以初步判斷每段的首句

12、都是主旨句，并且都是祈使句，故38題的選擇范圍圈 定在 B、D、E、F、G。再根據(jù)下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their 6new, clothes home.”可知，他們還應 該準備大量的環(huán)保袋，把他們 的“新”衣服帶回家，G選項“告訴每個人帶上完好且干凈的衣服”恰好可以概括 這一段的內(nèi)容，且G項中的“clean clothes”對應下文的“Few，clothes”, “bring” 對應下文中的“carry”，下文中的“They”指代G項中的“everyone”。故選Go3.可以根據(jù)上下文的語意和

13、設空所在句子的殘余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)特征來確定 答案。【鏈接高考1 （2020年全國卷H節(jié)選）Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emesis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37 , encouraging better and more frequent communication.A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational【解題思路】本題要求考生根據(jù)后面的逗號以及作結(jié)果狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞短

14、 語來補全句子的主干部分。空格前一句意為“書面交流常常被解讀為冰冷枯燥, 使用表情符號能增加幽默感和感情，從而保持意圖清晰”，是在說明與書面交 流相比，使用表情符號的好處，故設空處應與 之在語意上一致。再由作結(jié)果狀 語的encouraging better and more frequent communication”中的兩個并歹!j 的比較 級“better and more frequent”可以推斷，句子主干部分含 有比較級，只有A選 項“Messages with emojis feel more conversational”含有比較級。故選 A?！炬溄痈呖? （2020年全國卷I

15、I節(jié)選）40 , and emboli can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emesis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace【解題思路】本題要求

16、考生根據(jù)設空處后面以and連接的并列分句的語意 和結(jié)構(gòu)來確定答案。后面的并列分句意為“表情符號直接有助于產(chǎn)生積極的結(jié) 果”，F(xiàn)項意為“研究表明更加友好的交流會帶來更快樂的工作環(huán)境”，并且該 選項中的“l(fā)eads to a happier workplace”和后面并歹U分 句中的contribute directly to that positive outcome”的語意 和結(jié)構(gòu)相同。故選F。二、利用標點符號求解如果設空處后面是逗號，則此處要么填入復合句中的 主句或從句，要么填 入名詞短語、介詞短語或非謂語動詞短語。如果設空處后面是句號，則要依據(jù) 段落主題和上下文邏輯關(guān)系來解題。如果設空處后

17、面是破折號，則破折號后面 的內(nèi)容是對設空處的內(nèi)容進行解釋和說明。如果設空處后面是問號，則此處應 填入問句，并可由下文的答語推知問句的內(nèi)容。.當設空處后面是逗號，且后面的句子是由從屬連詞 引導的狀語從句時,則設空處為主句?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021年全國乙卷節(jié)選）According to Jessica Haggy, author of How to Be Interesting, its not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. 36 , if youre out of your comfort zone or if

18、 youre wandering into somebodys house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.The first step is to go exploring【解題思路】根據(jù)設空處后面的句子“if youre out of your comfort zone or if you,re wandering into somebody飛 house for the f

19、irst time”是由 if 弓導的條件狀 語從句可知，此空應該填入一個主句。再由下文“be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，本段告訴讀 者在晚宴上要勇于嘗試,選項“B. The first step is to go exploring（第一步是去探索）符合語境。故選B。2.當設空處后面是逗號，且后面的句子沒有連詞引導，則設空處多為狀語 從句?！炬溄痈呖?1 （2021年全國乙卷節(jié)選）People love to talk about themselves. If you can start t

20、he conversation with a question other than What do you do for a living?”, youll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is youre talking to. 37 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly

21、jokes in the back. It just opens up conversation.If you ask the question How did you get here?”【解題思路】根據(jù)此空后的標點符號和標點符號后的句子可推知，此空應 該填入一個從句。再根據(jù)“I have this old, broken-down vehicle， or 4 rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.”可 知, 設 空處內(nèi)容與交通方式有關(guān)。故選項“C. If you a

22、sk the question, How did you get here?，（如果你問“你怎么來 的？ ）符合語境。故選C?！炬溄痈呖?2 （2017 年全國卷 n 節(jié)選）Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now.B. When you want to avoid interruptions at wor

23、k【解題思路】由逗號后面的句子可知，此空應該填 入一個從句。上文講的 是“在工作時被人打斷是最糟糕的事情之一”，再根據(jù)逗號后面的“there are several ways to handle things”可知，設空處的內(nèi)容應該是“當你在工作時 你想避 免被打擾”。故選Bo【鏈接高考 3 （2017 年全國卷 II 節(jié)選）When you need to talk to someone, dont do it in your own office. 39 , its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than i

24、f you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If youre in the other persons office or in a public area【解題思路】由逗號后面的句子可知，此空應該 填入一個從 句。根 據(jù) 逗 號后面 的its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after e

25、xplaining how busy you are” 可知，設空處的內(nèi)容應該是“如果在別人的辦公室或公眾場合”。故選Do3.當設空處后面是句號時，考生要根據(jù)段落主題和前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系 來解題。鏈接高考 1 （ 2021 年全國乙卷節(jié)選）And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is

26、 to give the host a compliment （贊揚）.40 . Just quickly turn around and say5 This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most【解題思路】本段第一句為段落主題句，其意為“如 何應對另一個宴會殺手: 尷尬的沉默？， the only thing that always ge

27、ts everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（贊揚）”是應對宴會殺手 尷尬的沉默的 方法，且G選 項“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most” 中的“He or she （指 代host） ”, awkwardness”為原詞復現(xiàn),G項“他或她 是最 能感受到這種尷尬的人”符合語境，與前面的句子構(gòu) 成了前果后因的關(guān)系。故選 Go4.當設空處后面是破折號時，考生要根據(jù)破折號后面的內(nèi)容來確定答案, 因為它是對前

28、面內(nèi)容的解釋和說明?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?016年全國卷H節(jié)選）Recall （回憶）your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 39 - how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have. Then go outside and work out a plan to