2022高考英語試題分項版解析專題06情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣含解析

1、2021高考英語試題分項版解析專題06情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣（含解析）PAGE PAGE 69專題06 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣2018年高考題1.【2018江蘇】24. Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【答案】B點睛：本題考查虛擬語氣。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主語從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語氣，表達一種要求、命令或者責(zé)備、建議或主觀看法。但是如果只是表示陳

2、述一個事實而不是強烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語氣。試比較： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陳述一個事實：他犯了錯誤讓人有點奇怪。） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虛擬語氣，說話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯。）2.【2018江蘇】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will hav

3、eC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：在這個村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有機會去更多的參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過去時。故選A。點睛：本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語氣：1用wish表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望時，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為：過去式（be動詞用were）。2用wish表示對將來的愿望時，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為：would, could, might+ 動詞原形。3wish用于對過去的事實表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望時，賓語從

4、句中的謂語動詞形式為：had+動詞過去分詞或could, would + have +動詞過去分詞。分析此題需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，可以判斷出此題wish用于對現(xiàn)在的事實表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。3.【2018天津】10. I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【答案

5、】D點睛：情態(tài)動詞是每年高考的熱點也是難點。本題抓住兩點：第一、時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語可以判斷出是對過去事情的推測，故用情態(tài)動詞 + have done；如果是對現(xiàn)在事情的推測，才用情態(tài)動詞+v原形。第二、情態(tài)動詞的選擇。must為肯定推測，表示“一定”，could為不肯定推測，表示“可能”，這樣就能選出正確答案。4.【2018北京】12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情態(tài)

6、動詞。句意：在今天的信息時代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時會對一個公司造成嚴(yán)重的問題。數(shù)據(jù)丟失造成嚴(yán)重問題是客觀上會發(fā)生的情況，即“客觀可能性”，故該空應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞can。C選項正確。其余情態(tài)動詞均沒有該用法。need需要；should應(yīng)該，竟然；must必須，肯定。點睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，會；2. (表示推測)可能，可能會；3.（表示允許，請求）可以；4.（表示客觀可能性）有時會。5.【2018北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would

7、 drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會找到一個更好的旅館。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，該句是表示對過去的虛擬。if _ a few more kilometers是條件句部分，表示對過去的虛擬，條件句部分要用過去完成時態(tài)，故D選項正確。點睛：1. 表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬：if條件句用一般過去時，主句用would/might/could/should+do；2. 表示對過去的虛擬：if條件句用過去完成時，主句用would/might/cou

8、ld/should+have done；3. 表示對將來的虛擬：if條件句用were to do/should do/一般過去時，主句用would/might/could/should+do。6.【2018天津】15. If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時間狀語yesterday

9、可知，從句表示與過去事實相反，故用had + v-ed。故選A。點睛：本題考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動詞形式判斷所考查的動詞的虛擬時間，一般要保持一致，但要注意錯綜時間虛擬語氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時間做出調(diào)整。本題就是錯綜條件虛擬語氣，從句與過去事實相反，故用had + v-ed，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 2017年高考題【2017北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. ne

10、ed【答案】C考點：考查情態(tài)動詞【名師點睛】常用的情態(tài)動詞有can，may，must，need, should等1. can 的用法： 表示能力 “能，會” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他會說一點日語。 表示請求或許可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我?guī)兔? 表示猜測 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? 2.may 的用法：表示請求或允許 “可以”“準(zhǔn)許” eg: May I go home，please?請問我可以回家嗎? 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也許” eg: I think

11、it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 注：might為may的過去式，但也可以代替may，語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。 eg: He might not come today.今天他也許不來了。(語氣不肯定) You might also get a headache when you work too hard，當(dāng)你工作太努力時，你也可能患頭痛3. must的用法： 表示義務(wù)、必要或命令 “必須、應(yīng)該” eg: You must come early tomorrow你明天得早來。 表示推測時“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at

12、home.The light is on 他們肯定在家,燈亮著呢. must not 禁止，不許 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不許撒謊。 注意： must開頭的疑問句，其否定回答通常用 dont have to 或neednt 。而不用mustnt eg: Must I finish my homework first? 我必須先完成作業(yè)嗎？ No, you dont have to/ neednt. 不，你不必。 can 和 must在 表推測時，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。 eg: It can not be Li Lei 那個人不可能是李

13、磊 It must be Li Lei 那個人肯定是李磊。4. need 的用法： 情態(tài)動詞 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑問句中。 eg: You neednt come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必來。 行為動詞 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各種句式中。eg: You dont need to go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 Do we need to finish all the work today? 我們今天需要完成所有的工作嗎？need的用法的助記口訣：實義動詞表“需要”，后接名、代、不

14、定式。 need后接動名詞，主動形式表被動。情態(tài)動詞表“需要”，沒有人稱 數(shù)之變。 其后直接加動原，多用疑問與否定。【2017北京卷】34. If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A考點：考查虛擬語氣。【名師點睛】英語中的三種語氣，語氣是動詞的一種形式，用來說明我們對自己的話所采取的態(tài)度。陳述語氣（疑問，否定，肯定，感嘆）祈使語氣（命令，要求，建議，警告）虛

15、擬語氣：不可能發(fā)生的事，愿望，建議，與事實相反的假設(shè)等.虛擬語氣在條件中的具體用法真實條件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虛擬條件句（假設(shè)情況不存在，實現(xiàn)機會很?。㊣f I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if從句的謂語動詞主句謂語動詞1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+動詞原形2.與過去事實相反had done would/could/might/should+have done3.與將來事實可能相反a.動詞過去式（b

16、e一律用were）b.should+動詞原形（不能用would）c.were to+動詞原形would/could/might/should+動詞原形與現(xiàn)在事實相反if從句：動詞過去式（bewere）主句：would/could/might/should+動詞原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldnt do that.If it werent raining, we wouldnt stay.與過去事實相反if從句：had done主句：would/could/might/should+have doneIf

17、 the teacher hadnt helped us, we couldnt have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadnt been ill, he might have come.3.與將來事實可能相反if從句：a.動詞過去式（be一律用were） b.should+動詞原形（不能用would） c.were to+動詞原形主句：would/could/might/should+動詞原形If he came tomorrow, I would tell him every

18、thing.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.錯綜時間條件句在虛擬語氣中，有時條件從句動作發(fā)生的時間和主句動作發(fā)生的時間是不一致的，稱為錯綜時間條件句。這種句子的形式往往要根據(jù)句子的時間相調(diào)整，分別處理。If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would kno

19、w what to do now.If you had followed the doctors advice then, you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.(有時時間會省略） 含蓄條件句有時虛擬條件不用if條件從句，而用介詞或介詞短語來表示。They would not be able to live without him.（如果沒有）He would have failed but for his teachers tim

20、ely advice.（要不是）=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(要是就好了）You would have done the same thing in her position.With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.虛擬結(jié)合條件句在虛擬語氣中，假設(shè)的情況有時間可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，并且虛擬的情況和真實的情況同時存在。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would

21、have taken part in the singing competition.（實虛）=I was ill that day. If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.He would have bought the piano, but he didnt have enough money.（虛實）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didnt hav

22、e enough money. 省略if倒裝條件句在虛擬語氣中，if從句假設(shè)的情況中如果有助動詞had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首構(gòu)成倒裝，簡稱省略if倒裝條件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.If I were you, I wouldnt d

23、o that. =were I you, I wouldnt do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it. =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.【2017江蘇卷】22. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【名師點睛】在虛擬語氣中，be動詞只能用we

24、re；虛擬條件句省去連詞if時，從句主謂部分倒裝：Were/Had/Should+主語+謂語動詞.e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我會拒絕。I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我會去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞，我們就準(zhǔn)時到達了。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt置于句首

25、?？键c：考查虛擬語氣和倒裝【2017天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. darentB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt【答案】C【解析】試題分析： 句意：我的房間很亂，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打掃，我可以明天早晨再打掃。A.不敢；B.不應(yīng)該；C不需要；D.不許。根據(jù)句意，故選C。考點：考查情態(tài)動詞?！久麕燑c睛】情態(tài)動詞主要考查句意和說話人的語氣的強弱，這幾個情態(tài)動詞的否定形式意思各不相同，確定各自的含義，弄清它們

26、的區(qū)別再結(jié)合上下文語境就不難理解了。 darent通常表示“不敢”，shouldnt強調(diào)的是沒有義務(wù)，必要性；neednt表示“不需要”，mustnt 表示不許，語氣比較強烈，它們之間有明顯不同。 【2017天津卷】15. Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【名師點睛】if的虛擬語氣非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，從句：

27、If主語+過去時(be動詞用were)；主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句：If主語+had+done；主句：主語+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測，從句：if+主語+were to doif+主語+should+do if+主語+did（動詞過去式）/were ；主句：主語+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意從句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。這句話的虛擬語氣是根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞otherwise和句意推

28、斷出主句是對過去的虛擬。2016年高考題1.【2016北京】31. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：我喜歡周末，因為周六和周日我不需要早起。A. neednt不需要；B. mustnt禁止；C. wouldnt不愿；D. shouldnt不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故選A。考點：考查情態(tài)動詞【名師點睛】 常用的情態(tài)動詞有can，may，mus

29、t，need,should, had better.1. can 的用法： 表示能力 “能，會” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他會說一點日語。 表示請求或許可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我?guī)兔? 表示猜測 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? 2.may 的用法：表示請求或允許 “可以”“準(zhǔn)許” eg: May I go home，please?請問我可以回家嗎? 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也許” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想

30、今天下午可能下雨。 注：might為may的過去式，但也可以代替may，語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。 eg: He might not come today.今天他也許不來了。(語氣不肯定) You might also get a headache when you work too hard，當(dāng)你工作太努力時，你也可能患頭痛3. must的用法： 表示義務(wù)、必要或命令 “必須、應(yīng)該” eg: You must come early tomorrow你明天得早來。 表示推測時“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他們肯定在家,燈亮

31、著呢. must not 禁止，不許 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不許撒謊。 注意： must開頭的疑問句，其否定回答通常用 dont have to 或neednt 。而不用mustnt eg: Must I finish my homework first? 我必須先完成作業(yè)嗎？ No, you dont have to/ neednt. 不，你不必。 can 和 must在 表推測時，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。 eg: It can not be Li Lei 那個人不可能是李磊 It must be Li Lei 那個人肯定是李磊。4

32、. need 的用法： 情態(tài)動詞 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑問句中。 eg: You neednt come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必來。 行為動詞 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各種句式中。eg: You dont need to go now. 你不必現(xiàn)在就走。 I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 Do we need to finish all the work today? 我們今天需要完成所有的工作嗎？need的用法的助記口訣：實義動詞表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接動名詞，主動形式表被動。情態(tài)動詞表“需要

33、”，沒有人稱 數(shù)之變。 其后直接加動原，多用疑問與否定。2.【2016北京】34. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B考點：考查虛擬語氣【名師點睛】英語中的三種語氣，語氣是動詞的一種形式，用來說明我們對自己的話所采取的態(tài)度。陳述語氣（疑問，否定，肯定，感嘆）祈使語氣（命令，要求，建議，警告）虛擬語氣：不可能發(fā)生的事，愿望，建議，與事實相反的假設(shè)等.虛擬語氣

34、在條件中的具體用法真實條件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虛擬條件句（假設(shè)情況不存在，實現(xiàn)機會很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.if從句的謂語動詞主句謂語動詞1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+動詞原形2.與過去事實相反had done would/could/might/should+have done3.與

35、將來事實可能相反a.動詞過去式（be一律用were）b.should+動詞原形（不能用would）c.were to+動詞原形would/could/might/should+動詞原形與現(xiàn)在事實相反if從句：動詞過去式（bewere）主句：would/could/might/should+動詞原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldnt do that.If it werent raining, we wouldnt stay.與過去事實相反if從句：had done主句：would/could/might/s

36、hould+have doneIf the teacher hadnt helped us, we couldnt have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadnt been ill, he might have come.3.與將來事實可能相反if從句：a.動詞過去式（be一律用were） b.should+動詞原形（不能用would） c.were to+動詞原形主句：would/could/might/should+動詞原形If he came tomorrow, I wou

37、ld tell him everything.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.錯綜時間條件句在虛擬語氣中，有時條件從句動作發(fā)生的時間和主句動作發(fā)生的時間是不一致的，稱為錯綜時間條件句。這種句子的形式往往要根據(jù)句子的時間相調(diào)整，分別處理。If you had spoken to him yesterd

38、ay, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctors advice then, you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.(有時時間會省略） 含蓄條件句有時虛擬條件不用if條件從句，而用介詞或介詞短語來表示。They would not be able to live without him.（如果沒有）He would have failed but for

39、 his teachers timely advice.（要不是）=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(要是就好了）You would have done the same thing in her position.With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.虛擬結(jié)合條件句在虛擬語氣中，假設(shè)的情況有時間可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，并且虛擬的情況和真實的情況同時存在。I was ill that day. Ot

40、herwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.（實虛）=I was ill that day. If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.He would have bought the piano, but he didnt have enough money.（虛實）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in

41、fact he didnt have enough money. 省略if倒裝條件句在虛擬語氣中，if從句假設(shè)的情況中如果有助動詞had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首構(gòu)成倒裝，簡稱省略if倒裝條件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you. =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.If I were

42、 you, I wouldnt do that. =were I you, I wouldnt do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it. =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.3.【2016江蘇】27.If itfor his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been【答

43、案】A【名師點睛】有時條件從句和主句所表示的動作在時間上可以不一致（例如一個與過去事實相反，另一個與現(xiàn)在事實相反），這種虛擬條件句就稱為錯綜時間虛擬條件句。在這種條件句中，動詞的形式要根據(jù)具體情況進行調(diào)整。例句：She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.如果她有一些常識的話，她就決不會像那樣做了。If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.假如我有自行車，昨天早就借給你了。句型說明：錯綜時間條件句中，特別注意時間狀語，在這種

44、情況下必須明確給以時間或通過上下文可明白看出時間不同，否則就按一般時間搭配使用。 考點：考查虛擬語氣4.【2016天津】5. It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B考點：考查情態(tài)動詞。【名師點睛】情態(tài)動詞主要考查句意和說話人的語氣的強弱，這幾個情態(tài)動詞的否定形式意思各不相同，確定各自的含義，弄清它們的區(qū)別再結(jié)合上下文語境就不難理解了。couldnt通常表示“沒有能力”，wouldnt帶

45、有意愿色彩，shouldnt強調(diào)的是沒有義務(wù)，必要性；neednt表示“沒有需要”，之間有明顯不同。5.【2016天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：我當(dāng)時系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶，我就會受傷了。使用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)if條件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示對過去

46、情況的虛擬，而且I和injure是被動關(guān)系。故選D?！久麕燑c睛】if的虛擬語氣非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，從句：If主語+過去時(be動詞用were)；主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句：If主語+had+done；主句：主語+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測，從句：if+主語+were to doif+主語+should+do if+主語+did（動詞過去式）/were ；主句：主語+should /would/ could

47、 /might+do，另外要注意從句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。這句話的虛擬語氣比較明顯，if條件句使用了過去完成進行時和過去相反，沒有倒裝形式，學(xué)生容易看出。6.【2016浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【答案】D 考點：考

48、查虛擬語氣?！久麕燑c睛】if的虛擬語氣非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，從句：If主語+過去時(be動詞用were)；主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句：If主語+had+done；主句：主語+should/ would/ could/ might+have done3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測，從句：if+主語+were to doif+主語+should+do if+主語+did（動詞過去式）/were ；主句：主語+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意從句也可

49、以省略if，把had，were，should提前。這句話的虛擬語氣比較明顯，if條件句省略了if，將had提前，說明使用了過去完成進行時和過去相反，學(xué)生看出這點就容易做題了。7.【2016浙江】17. George _ too far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. cant have gone D. neednt have gone【答案】C【解析】試題分析：喬治不可能走得太遠了。他的咖啡仍然是溫的。cant have done是對過去的否定推測；must have done過去一定做了某

50、事；might have done過去可能做了某事；neednt have done過去本不必做某事。故選C。考點：考查情態(tài)動詞+have done?！久麕燑c睛】熟練掌握情態(tài)動詞的用法，對準(zhǔn)確理解語法填空、完形填空、閱讀理解、聽力理解中含有情態(tài)動詞的句子是很有益處的，并且在寫作中也可能會用到情態(tài)動詞。因此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)好情態(tài)動詞，尤其要掌握好常用情態(tài)動詞的用法。情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法：情態(tài)動詞無論是表達“推測和可能性”，還是表達“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行描述，一律用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu)；對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖虑檫M行描述，用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞或系動詞原

51、形”。注意不同的情態(tài)動詞和have done搭配的含義。表示推測的can have done一般用于疑問和否定句中。2015年高考題1.【2015北京】29Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C【考點定位】考查情態(tài)動詞辨析【名師點睛】本題是考查情態(tài)動詞，這里考查的是語氣的強度，在這里結(jié)合語境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此類辨析題需掌握情態(tài)動詞選項的語氣并結(jié)合語境。2.【2015北

52、京】34. If I _it with my own eyes ,I wouldnt have believed it.A . didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：如果不是我親眼看到，我不會相信。根據(jù)后半句wouldnt have believed可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。所以從句是if+主語+ had+done的形式。故選D?！究键c定位】虛擬語氣【名師點睛】條件句中有if引導(dǎo)時,首先要根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是真實條件句還是虛擬條件句,如果符合虛擬的結(jié)構(gòu),就可以根據(jù)句子中的時間和語意判斷應(yīng)

53、該用哪種虛擬語氣。3.【2015重慶】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【答案】D 【考點定位】 考查虛擬語氣 【名師點睛】虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測建議等含義，表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實，此類的題目一般難度不大，主要找對時間狀語，并且看分清時間狀語與主句還是從句有關(guān)系，再來確定用對現(xiàn)在，過

54、去還是將來的虛擬。4.【2015重慶】12. You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall【答案】A 【解析】 試題分析：句意：你肯定是卡羅，這些年你一點也沒有變化。 must表示對現(xiàn)在的肯定推測。 故選A。 【考點定位】考查情態(tài)動詞?！久麕燑c睛】must表推測的用法must表示很有把握的推測，其意為“一定會”“肯定會”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問句。表示對現(xiàn)在或未來的情況作推測，后接動詞原形。You have worked hard all

55、 day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天，一定累了（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）I didnt hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。5.【2015浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D neednt【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：太吵了，以致我們不能夠聽到我們在說什么？A的意思是不能，B的意思是不應(yīng)該，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。該題用到了一個so +形容詞+ th

56、at的句式，做題時應(yīng)該正確理解句意及這個句式的用法。正確理解這是表達不能還是表達其他的東西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止，這一點尤其要注意因為往往會出錯。如果表示一種可能往往是can 的形式（過去時態(tài)使用could）【考點定位】考查情態(tài)動詞【名師點睛】情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞，但它不能單獨作謂語，只能和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞是每年高考的熱點也是難點，每年單項填空題必考一題?？键c集中在：情態(tài)動詞表示推測的基本用法及區(qū)別，情態(tài)動詞否定式的用法辨析，“情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法區(qū)別等。6.【2015天津】7. I _ have

57、 worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightntB. mustntC. needntD. couldnt【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：我來新學(xué)校之前本沒有必要擔(dān)心，因為在這里我的同學(xué)對我非常友好。neednt have done本沒有必要做某事，表示實際上已經(jīng)做了某事。根據(jù)句意可知選C。【考點定位】考查情態(tài)動詞。【名師點睛】本題考查情態(tài)動詞。分析此題需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly t

58、o me.可知此處為本沒有必要做某事，mightnt也許不；mustnt不允許；couldnt不可能。再根據(jù)句意可以選出正確答案。7.【2015天津】13. I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【答案】D【考點定位】考查虛擬語氣。【名師點睛】本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語氣：1用wish表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望時，它所引起的賓

59、語從句中謂語動詞形式為：過去式（be動詞用were）。2用wish表示對將來的愿望時，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式為：would, could, might+ 動詞原形。3wish用于對過去的事實表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望時，賓語從句中的謂語動詞形式為：had+動詞過去分詞或could, would + have +動詞過去分詞。分析此題需抓住時間狀語last Tuesday，可以判斷出此題wish用于對過去的事實表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。8.【2015四川】2.You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D

60、. will【答案】A【解析】試題分析：考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)下文的it costs可知，照相機很昂貴，故選擇A，意為：你一定要非常小心對待照相機，它很昂貴?！究键c定位】考查情態(tài)動詞【名師點睛】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。情態(tài)動詞是每年高考的熱點也是難點，此題主要考查情態(tài)動詞基本意義的辨析。因此考生需要熟知選項中每個選項的具體意義以及之間的用法區(qū)別，然后根據(jù)句意選擇正確的選項。選項B意為可能；選項C意為能夠、有時會；選項D意為會、愿意等。根據(jù)句意，是說話人提出的要求，故選擇A，表示必須。9.【2015陜西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but