有機化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯化學(xué)考研加

1、有機化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞醛-ene-醇-aldehyde alkali- 堿 allylethoxy有機化學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞醛-ene-醇-aldehyde alkali- 堿 allylethoxyethylpropenyl(alkoxy-amideamino-amidine-amine-ane 烷 anhydride 酐 anilino aquo- 含水的-ase-ate-atriyneazofluoroform-glycolhemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇 hydro hydroxylhypohy

2、perbenzenebibis-borane bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基-ic-ide-il-imine iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代iso-ite-carbinolcarbonyl-carboxylic 10-chlorocisketoketonecyclo-lactonedeca10-mega- 106 metamethoxymethyl-dinedodeca10-10-tertetra- 四 tetradeca tetrakis- 四個 thio- 硫代transthio- 硫代 tri- 三 trideca tris- 三個mono- ( mon-10-nitro- 硝基

3、 nitroso nona- 九octa-oic-ol-oneundecauniunsymortho10-10-tertetra- 四 tetradeca tetrakis- 四個 thio- 硫代transthio- 硫代 tri- 三 trideca tris- 三個mono- ( mon-10-nitro- 硝基 nitroso nona- 九octa-oic-ol-oneundecauniunsymortho-ousoxa-oxide-oxime-yl-ylene-yne-anic compounds 有機化合物 compounds of carbon 碳化合物 anic chemis

4、try 有機化學(xué) structureofmolecule分子結(jié)構(gòu) bond 化學(xué)鍵 covalent bond 共價鍵hybrid orbitalpara- 對位，仲 penta- 五 pentadeca per- 高，過length angle 鍵角 energy10-polypolaritytion energyquadriquinqueconstitution contiguration conformation transsemi七symsynisomerismisomerconstitutionalisomer structural formula 結(jié)構(gòu)式 octetCommon r

5、ingMedium rimg LargeringBridged-ring system 橋環(huán)體系 Spiro compound 螺環(huán)化合物 Helical molecule 螺旋型分子 Octahedralcompound Conjugation 共軛Conjugated-system 共軛體系 Acyl cation ?；x子 Benzyliccation Arenirm ion 芳基正離子eclipsed staggered conformationfunctional group 官能團 chain compoud 鏈狀化合物carbocyclic compoundheterocycl

6、ic compoundvan der eractionsKetyl radical基constitutionalisomer structural formula 結(jié)構(gòu)式 octetCommon ringMedium rimg LargeringBridged-ring system 橋環(huán)體系 Spiro compound 螺環(huán)化合物 Helical molecule 螺旋型分子 Octahedralcompound Conjugation 共軛Conjugated-system 共軛體系 Acyl cation ?；x子 Benzyliccation Arenirm ion 芳基正離子ec

7、lipsed staggered conformationfunctional group 官能團 chain compoud 鏈狀化合物carbocyclic compoundheterocyclic compoundvan der eractionsKetyl radical基hydrogen bonding 氫鍵 dipole moment electronegativity 電負(fù)性 physicalproperty melting poIsomerism Aci form 酸式Fluxional structureboiling reaction mechanismhomolysisO

8、pticalactivity Dextro isomer 右旋異構(gòu)體 Laevo isomer 左旋異構(gòu)體Tetrahedralconfigurationfree redical 基ionic typeelectrophilic reagent electrophilicreaction nucleophilic reagent nucleophilic reaction 親核反應(yīng)英文名 漢文名Angularmethylgroup Alkylidene group 亞烷基 Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic Phenyl group 苯基 Aryl group 芳基 Benzyl g

9、roup 芐基 Benzylic 芐型的Activatinggroup Chromophore 生色團 Auxochrome 助色團Asymmetric atom 不對稱原子 Asymmetric carbon 不對稱碳 PseudoasymmetriccarbonPhantom atom 虛擬原子 Homotopic 等位的 Heterotopic 異位的 Enantiotopic 對映異位的 Diastereotopic Configuration 構(gòu)型Absolute configurationChiralitycentermoleculeMagneticallySmally ring磁

10、AchiralprojectionNeoman projectionD-L R-S D-LSynclinalconformation Synclinalconformation Eclipsed conformationR-SGauche conformation, skew con-formationStaggeredconformationStericeffect Steric hindrance 位阻 Atropismer 阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體 Puckered ring 折疊環(huán)Cahn-Ingold-Plane factorsymmetryMirror symmetry 鏡面對稱 Enantio

11、mer 對映異構(gòu)體 DiastereomermerAnomer 端基差向異構(gòu)體 Erythroconfiguration Erythro isomer 赤型異構(gòu)體 Threo configuration 蘇型構(gòu)型 Threo isomer 蘇型異構(gòu)體 Trigonal carbon 三角型碳ConformationalChairconformation Boat conformation 船型構(gòu)象 TwistconformationD-L R-S D-LSynclinalconformation Synclinalconformation Eclipsed conformationR-SGau

12、che conformation, skew con-formationStaggeredconformationStericeffect Steric hindrance 位阻 Atropismer 阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體 Puckered ring 折疊環(huán)Cahn-Ingold-Plane factorsymmetryMirror symmetry 鏡面對稱 Enantiomer 對映異構(gòu)體 DiastereomermerAnomer 端基差向異構(gòu)體 Erythroconfiguration Erythro isomer 赤型異構(gòu)體 Threo configuration 蘇型構(gòu)型 Threo iso

13、mer 蘇型異構(gòu)體 Trigonal carbon 三角型碳ConformationalChairconformation Boat conformation 船型構(gòu)象 TwistconformationSkewboatconformation Half-chair conformation 半椅型構(gòu)ionEnvelopeconformationAxial bond 直立鍵 Equatorial bond 平伏鍵 CisoidconformationTransoid conformation 反向構(gòu)象 RetentionofconfigurationRegioselectivityRegios

14、pecificityCis-transisomerism E isomer EZ isomer Zsomer Exo isomer 外型異構(gòu)體 Prochirality 前手性roupRPro-S proupSReface Si fa ReicompoundConformersolutionMeso Conformationaleffect Crams rube 克拉姆規(guī)則 Prelogrule 普雷洛格規(guī)則Quasirecemate Conformation 構(gòu)象 Conformational 構(gòu)象分析Stereochemicalorien angleRotameronformation 反

15、式構(gòu)象 Bisecting conformation 等分構(gòu)象 AntiperiplanarconformationSynperiplanarconformationConformational ition 本位 ition 鄰位 ition 間位 itionitionitionPauling electronegativity Polarizability 可極化性 Inductive effect 誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng) Field effect 場效應(yīng) Electricaleffect tautomerism 互變異構(gòu) TautomerizationKeto-enoltautomerismPhenol

16、-ketotautomerismImine-enamineatutomerismTrigonal MolecularorbiralmethodValencebondmethod Delocalezed bond 離域鍵 Crossconjugation Vinylog 插烯物itionitionPauling electronegativity Polarizability 可極化性 Inductive effect 誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng) Field effect 場效應(yīng) Electricaleffect tautomerism 互變異構(gòu) TautomerizationKeto-enoltautomeri

17、smPhenol-ketotautomerismImine-enamineatutomerismTrigonal MolecularorbiralmethodValencebondmethod Delocalezed bond 離域鍵 Crossconjugation Vinylog 插烯物IsovalentNo-bond resonance 無鍵 Aromaticity 芳香性 AromaticsexterRing-automerismValence tautomerismAmbident 兩可的 SolventeffectAcid-basecatalyxedreactionBasic so

18、lvent 堿性溶劑 Dielectricconstant Solvated electronring 流ringcruuentcatalyzedreactionAlternant hydrocarbonNon-alternanthydrocarbonPericyclic reactionacidityThermElectrocyclicrearrangement oryKinetic acidityElectron donof-plexHost 主體 GuestPrimaryisotopeeffectSecondaryisotopeeffectInverseisotopeeffectKine

19、tic control 動力學(xué)控制 Thermodynamiccontrol Substrate 底物oryCycloaddition 環(huán)加成 Symmetryforbidden-reactionlreactionl reactionMobius systemLeois structureCoordinate-covalent鍵Banana bondunimolecu-larelectrophilicsubstitutionUnimoleculareliminationBimoleculareliminationUnimolecular elimination through theconju

20、gatebaseBimolecular elimination through theconjugatebaseBimolecular elimination for-mationofacarbonylgroupUnimolecular acid-acyl-oxygencleavageunimolecu-larelectrophilicsubstitutionUnimoleculareliminationBimoleculareliminationUnimolecular elimination through theconjugatebaseBimolecular elimination t

21、hrough theconjugatebaseBimolecular elimination for-mationofacarbonylgroupUnimolecular acid-acyl-oxygencleavageBimolecular base-acyl-oxygencleavageUnimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygencleavageBimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygencleavage-allylcomplexmechanism烯丙Borderline mechanismHomolysisHete

22、rolysisHeterolytic michanismCounrergegenion Ion pair 離子對 Carbocation 碳正離子NonclassicalcarbocationCarbanionMasked carbanionCarbenoidCarbeneermediatereversibilityLinearfree tulateenergy能eractional effectstrainRestricted ro Eclipsingeffect Eclipsing Small-anglestrain Large angle eractionWaldeninver Isor

23、acemization 等消旋 Homochiral 純手性的 Mechanism 機理 UnimolecularnucleophilicBimolecular sub-stitutionBimolecular substi-rearrange-ment)（含烯丙型重排ernal nucleophilic substiru-tion Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香親核取代 Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tutionNitrene 氮

24、賓 Carbine 碳炔 Neighboring group 鄰additionNeighboring proup assistance,anchimericassistanceNeighboringgroupeffectElectrophileDiaxial addition 雙直鍵加成 Markovnikovsrubel Anti-Michael additionBriddgeheaddisplacementAryl actionBenzyneZaitsev ruleSubstitution 取代 ElectrophilicsubstitutionAnti-ZaitsevNitrene 氮

25、賓 Carbine 碳炔 Neighboring group 鄰additionNeighboring proup assistance,anchimericassistanceNeighboringgroupeffectElectrophileDiaxial addition 雙直鍵加成 Markovnikovsrubel Anti-Michael additionBriddgeheaddisplacementAryl actionBenzyneZaitsev ruleSubstitution 取代 ElectrophilicsubstitutionAnti-ZaitsevionAdditi

26、on-elimination加Hofmannsrule Bredt rule 布雷特規(guī)則 Anionic cleavage 負(fù)離子裂解 Partialbondfixation023AlkylationCalkylationC-烷基化 OalkylationO-烷基化 N-alkylation N-烷基化 Silylation 硅烷基化Exhaustivemethylation Seco alkylation 斷裂烷基化 Demethylation 脫甲基化 Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化 Acylation ?；?FormylationCarbalkoxylation

27、Carboamidation 氨羰基化 Carboxylation 羧基化 Amination 氨基化 Bisamination 雙氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代 Transamination 氨基交換 Hydroxylation 羥基化 acyloxyation 酰氧基化 DecarboxylativenitrationAllylic halogenationsubstitu-Electrontransfer groupElectron-WithdrawinggroupgroupOrtho-paraMeta directing groupOrthoeffect Parti

28、alrate factorreactionernalreturn -effect Push-pulleffect Leaving group 離去基團 Electrofuge 離電體 Nucleofuge 離核體Phase-transfer化DehalogenationNitrationRetroDiels-AlderreactionEne synthesisAnioniccycloadditionDipolar addition化Chlorosulfonation-elimination -消除 Dehydrohalogenation Deamination 脫氨基Pyrolytic eli

29、mination 熱解消除 Elimination-addition 消除-加成 Decarboxylation 脫羧 Decarboxamidation 脫酰胺 Decyanation 脫Alkylolysis,alkylcleavageDehalogenationNitrationRetroDiels-AlderreactionEne synthesisAnioniccycloadditionDipolar addition化Chlorosulfonation-elimination -消除 Dehydrohalogenation Deamination 脫氨基Pyrolytic elim

30、ination 熱解消除 Elimination-addition 消除-加成 Decarboxylation 脫羧 Decarboxamidation 脫酰胺 Decyanation 脫Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂Acylolysis,acylcleavageFlash pyrolysisChlorosulfenation Chlorocarbonylation Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移 Coupling reaction 偶聯(lián)反應(yīng) Diazonium couplingCross-coupling 1,4-addi

31、tion 1，4Conjugateaddition Dimerization 二聚 TrimefizationionAdditivedimerization sulfurization 硫化 Selenylation 硒化 Hydroboration 硼氫化 Oxyamination carbonylation 羧基化Chiletropicreaction Chelation 螯環(huán)化 Esterification 酯化 Transesterification 酯交換 Saponification 皂化 Alcoholysis 醇解EnolysisHydroformylationHydroacy

32、lationAminomethylation 氨甲基化 Hydroxymethylation Hydroxyalkylation 羥烷基化 Cholromethylation 氯甲基化 Haloalkylation 鹵烷基化 Transacetalation 縮醛交換 Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reactionCondensationAldol condensation 羥醛縮合 CrossaldolcondensationRetrogradealdolcondensationOxo sDecarbonylation 脫羰 Hydrocarboxylation Homol

33、ogization 同系化Ring clsure 環(huán)合脫Diene synthesis 雙烯 Dienophile 親雙烯體 Endoaddition Exo addition 外型加成Diels-AlderreactionAcyloin condensation 偶姻縮合 Cyclization 環(huán)化 Annulation,annelation Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán) Autoxidation 自氧化RearrangementPrototropicrearrangementondmigration migration 烯丙型重排 migration 烯丙型遷移Allylic

34、Epoxidation Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical Ring contractionRing ,ring -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排 Pinacol rearrangement 頻哪醇重排 RetropinacolrearrangementSemipinacolrearrangementAcyloin condensation 偶姻縮合 Cyclization 環(huán)化 Annulation,annelation Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán) Autoxidation 自氧化RearrangementPrototropicrear

35、rangementondmigration migration 烯丙型重排 migration 烯丙型遷移Allylic Epoxidation Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical Ring contractionRing ,ring -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排 Pinacol rearrangement 頻哪醇重排 RetropinacolrearrangementSemipinacolrearrangementBenzilicrearrangementAcyl rearrangement ?；嘏?Migratory aptitude 遷移

36、傾向 Transannular insertion 跨環(huán) TransannularrearrangementMigrationPrototropy 質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移 CationotropicrearrangementAnionotropy 負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移 AnionotropicrearrangementSigmatropicrearrangementHomosigmatropicrearrangementElectrophilicrearrangementPhotosensitization 光敏化 Forbidden transition 禁阻躍遷 photooxidation 光氧化 Photoi

37、somerization 光異構(gòu)化 Photochemicalrearrangement24Aliphatic compoundHpdrocarbon羧AromatizationCatalytichydrogenation Heterogeneoushydrogenation化氫Transfer hydrogenationHydrogenolysisDissolvingmetal移electrontransferBimolecularreduction ElectrochemicalreductionalkylationacylationDeoxygenation 脫氧 Desulfuriza

38、tion Deselenization 脫硒 Mitallation 金屬化 Lithiation 鋰化化Oxymercuration 羥Aminomercuration 氨Abstraction 奪取反應(yīng)ernalabstractionAlkane 烷 Wax 蠟 Paraffinwax Alkene 烯 Alkyen 炔OximeAldimine 醛肟 Oxime aldoxime 硝酮 Hydrazone 腙AzineSemicarbazone Cyanohydrin 羥腈 Pinacol 頻哪醇hydrogen acidSuperacid Diene 雙烯 Triene 三烯 Allene 丙二烯CcumuleneetheresterAlkane 烷 Wax 蠟 Paraffinwax Alkene 烯 Alkyen