牛津譯林版7B英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及習(xí)題操練

1、. z.初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及操練初三英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一學(xué)業(yè)考試中的第五大題是通過(guò)多項(xiàng)選擇，來(lái)考核學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)所掌握的情況和程度。學(xué)生在分析、判斷所選詞語(yǔ)的正誤時(shí)，不但要從語(yǔ)法角度去考慮，而且要從整句邏輯、習(xí)慣說(shuō)法、詞語(yǔ)不重復(fù)、用語(yǔ)須禮貌等各個(gè)方面去審視。這樣，才能防止往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失誤。這一大題需要注意的是：在掌握英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的一般規(guī)律之外，還需要注意英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的特殊規(guī)律。在英語(yǔ)中，有許多語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造與詞語(yǔ)搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不一樣的，因此，不能像數(shù)學(xué)公式那樣去生搬硬套。對(duì)于*些有特殊規(guī)律的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)，學(xué)生一定要在平時(shí)加強(qiáng)注意和不斷積累，在這方面是沒(méi)有捷徑可行的。

2、此外，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)還要防止只重語(yǔ)感、不諳其意的片面傾向。一. 冠詞: 冠詞用在名詞的前面，有定冠詞the與不定冠詞a；an之分。定冠詞表示確指，譯作這(那)個(gè)；不定冠詞表示泛指，譯作一個(gè)。例題解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A) A, theB) The, anC) The, aD) The, theover there意為那邊的，是后置定語(yǔ)，它表示前面名詞lady女士是確指的說(shuō)法，因此要加上定冠詞the。后半句意為一位大學(xué)教師，是泛指的說(shuō)法，因此要加上不定冠詞a或an。由于university的讀音起始于輔音j，因此要加定冠詞a

3、。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A) the, the B) the, /C) / , /D) / , thepiano意為鋼琴，屬于樂(lè)器，要求前面加定冠詞the。后半句中hockey意為曲棍球，屬于球類活動(dòng)，要求不加任何冠詞。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選B。( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our pany. A) / B) a C) anD) themanager表示被選的職位，前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。 此外，冠詞還有許多特殊的用法： 1. 由普通名

4、詞組成的專有名詞前，要加定冠詞，如：the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城 2. 在拼音名詞前，一般不加任何冠詞，如：Thomas Green；Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名詞，也要加定冠詞the，如：the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用單數(shù)名詞加a；復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加the來(lái)表示泛指的意思。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. There is _ u in _ word uniform. A) an, aB) an, the C) a, aD) a, the( )

5、2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A) A, aB) A, theC) The, aD) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her e*perience. A) a, becauseB) the, becauseC) / , because ofD) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote _ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) theB) anC) aD) /( ) 5. Q

6、: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. A) a, AB) a, TheC) the, TheD) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A) a, theB) a, /C) an, theD) an, /( ) 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A) / , theB) / , /C) t

7、he, /D) the, the( ) 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _.A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk.A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes C) ten minutes D) ten-minutes二.名詞: 名詞表示人或物體的名稱，有普通名詞(park)、專有名詞(Peter；Party)、集合名詞

8、(family, class, police)、縮寫名詞(SARS, CEO, WTO)等?？傮w上說(shuō)，它們可以分成兩大類；即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們?cè)诰渲械牟煌蠛妥兓?。例題解析:( ) His grandfather is _.A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green英語(yǔ)中，人的*排列是倒過(guò)來(lái)的；先是名，即first name，后為姓，即second name，也可叫做family name或surname。做這類題目，必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表示名字，哪個(gè)單詞是表示姓氏，名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說(shuō)的是爺爺，

9、是男名，所以此題答案應(yīng)該選B。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Browns C) Browns D) Browns英語(yǔ)中，姓氏前加定冠詞the，后面加s，有一家人之意。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。( ) Be careful. There is a _ hole in the ground. A) two-foot-deepB) two-feet-deepC) two-foot deepD) two-feet deep 這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各

10、個(gè)單詞都要用短橫來(lái)連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞，因此，在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中，一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞應(yīng)譯為a two-foot-deep hole，所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _. A) dentistB) the dentistC) the dentistsD) see the dentists去看牙科醫(yī)生可譯為go to see the dentist或go to the dentists。后一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中的the dentists表示the dentists clinic。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。(

11、 ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble. A) woman, boyB) woman, boysC) women, boyD) women, boys 英語(yǔ)中，女教師們應(yīng)該譯為women teachers，而男學(xué)生們 應(yīng)該譯為boy students。 所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A newsB) MessageC) WordD) Words據(jù)說(shuō)在英語(yǔ)中有多種說(shuō)法：

12、It was said that、Word came that、News came that、A message came that等。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _. A) his eyeB) his eyesC) his own eyesD) eyes of his owncatch ones eye是固定詞組，意為引起*人注意；即be noticed by sb.。此句中，eye是視線之意，由eyesight演變而來(lái)。隨著語(yǔ)言的開(kāi)展，一些詞語(yǔ)會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變，大致上都是朝簡(jiǎn)單化方向開(kāi)展，如：cou

13、ntrysidecountry、mankindman、 campsitecamp、in the daytimein the day等。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。( ) The lady with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _. A) hair, hairB) hair, hairsC) hairs, hairD) hairs, hair 要掌握英語(yǔ)中哪些是可數(shù)名詞，哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì)，要靠具體說(shuō)法來(lái)判別。如這道題中的hair頭發(fā)就是這類詞。前半句說(shuō)的是一頭長(zhǎng)發(fā)，是不可數(shù)名詞；后半句說(shuō)的

14、是三根白發(fā)，是可數(shù)名詞。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選B。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. He has got _ to tell you. A) a good news B) some newsC) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Greens C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ m

15、ine. A) old asB) age asC) old likeD) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us _. A) healthB) strongC) energyD) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) freshD) sweet( ) 6. What kind of _ do you like best A) watermelon B) the watermelonC) a watermelonD) watermelons(

16、 ) 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the _ about eating habits. A) quizB) listC) cookingD) dinner三.代詞: 代詞是名詞的代用詞，有指示代詞(this, those)、人稱代詞主賓格(I, me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(mine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中，它們的變化和要求都不一樣，這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí)，不能掉以輕心。例題解析:( ) Would yo

17、u please give _ A) him itB) it himC) to him itD) it to him 英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)人與間接賓語(yǔ)物都用人稱代詞時(shí)，一定要先講間接賓語(yǔ)物后講直接賓語(yǔ)人，而且要在直接賓語(yǔ)人前加上介詞to。 所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) She always thinks of _ more than _. A) others, herB) the others, sheC) others, herselfD) the others, herself 在英語(yǔ)中，別人屬于泛指，應(yīng)譯為others。后半句是介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。由于這里的她與主語(yǔ)的她是屬于同一個(gè)人，因此不能

18、用人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ)，要用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)才對(duì)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer TV series. A) the othersB) the otherC) othersD) another 在英語(yǔ)中，一些，另一些有兩種譯法：Some , the others 是屬于非此即彼的兩局部情況，而Some , others 是指有第三局部的情況存在。此題意為一局部人喜歡看體育消息，而另一局部人比擬欣賞電視劇，顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容，所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) The light in the

19、room was too poor for _ to see it clearly. A) everyoneB) someoneC) anyoneD) none 英語(yǔ)中，too to意為太而不能，具有否認(rèn)的含義。因此，for sb.中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否認(rèn)句中的anyone才對(duì)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) _ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A) SomeB) MuchC) The most ofD) Most of 帶有定冠詞the的名詞前，應(yīng)該用代詞詞組：some of意為其中一些

20、、much of意為其中許多、most of意為其中大多數(shù)等。the mose of意為其中最多的在本句中的譯法欠妥，所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday Im afraid _ day is possible A) eitherB) eachC) bothD) neither 在英語(yǔ)中，有兩者和三者以上的不同詞語(yǔ)說(shuō)法：both意為兩者都、all意為三者以上都、neither意為兩者都不、none或no one意為三者以上都不、either意為兩者之一、one意為三者以上之一、between意為兩者之間、a

21、mong意為三者以上之間。根據(jù)此題句意，答句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)我恐怕沒(méi)有一天能行， 所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. A) otherB) the otherC) othersD) the others 在英語(yǔ)中，另兩個(gè)的譯法有多種：the other two、the others、the rest。由于本句中講到三間浴室，另兩間的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是確指的，因此，必須有定冠詞the。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫了two，因此這里要選作形容詞用的other。 所以此題答案應(yīng)

22、該選B。( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _ on Table Two. A) thatB) thoseC) dishesD) /要注意所比擬的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱性：這句是the dishes on Table One一桌上的菜和the dishes on Table Two二桌上的菜作比擬，因此后半句中的菜字不能省略。that與those是比擬級(jí)句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比擬的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù)，因此，要用those來(lái)代替前面的名詞。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選B。( ) There are more people in this room tha

23、n _ in that one. A) thatB) thoseC) peopleD) /要注意在There is 或There are 的比擬級(jí)句型中，習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. Show your watch _ me. _ is slow. A) to, MineB) to, MyC) for, MineD) for, My( ) 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter

24、holidays A) What, betterB) What, bestC) Which, betterD) Which, best( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _ taken in her housing estate. A) herselfB) herC) hersD) myself( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _ among _. A) talk it over, usB) talk over it, us C) talk it over, ourselvesD) talk

25、over it, ourselves( ) 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _ help. A) anyones elseB) anyone elsesC) anyone othersD) other anyones( ) 6. I heard _ until my friend told me about it. A) everythingB) somethingC) nothingD) anything( ) 7. Would you like _ more bread, Jack A) anyB) anotherC) littleD) a litt

26、le( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _ didnt. A) the otherB) anotherC) othersD) the rest( ) 9. He doesnt think _ of them will go there with you. A) none B) some C) many D) much( )10. The film is dull and _ people like it. A) a few B) few C) a little D) little( )11. Have you all _ A) g

27、ot ready everything B) got everything ready for C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything( )12. Help _ to some sweets, everyone. A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself( )13. He has si* uncles. Five of them are doctors and _ is a driver. A) another B) the si*th C) other D) the

28、 other( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _. A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves( )15. A: Are these two books yours B: No, _ of them is mine. A) either B) none C) both D) neither( )16. Neither of the twins _ the toy train. A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like四.數(shù)詞: 數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之分：基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量概念；序數(shù)詞表示順序

29、概念。首先要注意一些數(shù)詞在寫法上的變化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth更要注意它們?cè)诰渥又械牟煌梅ê妥兓?。例題解析:( ) About _ students went to the picture show that day. A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred ofD) two hundredabout意為大約，是指具體數(shù)量，因此，不能用表示不定數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)hundreds of意為成百個(gè)。在表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中的hundred不加s，即不變復(fù)數(shù)。再由于students前沒(méi)有定冠詞the，不是其中之意，因此，也不能加介

30、詞of。 所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) _ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, theC) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, / 英語(yǔ)中，幾分之幾的表達(dá)方式是分子用基數(shù)詞、分母用序數(shù)詞，中間用短橫連接。當(dāng)分子大于一時(shí)，分母序數(shù)詞要加s。再由于此題句中數(shù)量用的是of詞組，即意為其中的五分之三，因此后面的名詞students必定是確指的，要加定冠詞the。 所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。在這里要特別注意的是：不要看到studen

31、ts前有修飾詞Class Four就不敢加定冠詞the，要懂得這里的the是修飾students的。同樣，the English language詞語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式也類似于此種情況。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _ ones, three times as many as John. A) thirteenB) fifteenC) thirty-si*D) forty-eight( ) 2.The post code used in o

32、ur neighbourhood is _. A) 56348574B) 200333C) a quarterD) a dozen( ) 3.Today is her brothers birthday. _ is on _.A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifthC) Hers, May fifthD) Hers, May the fifth( ) 4. _ of the students go to school by bike. A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third( ) 5.The

33、re are about _ seats in the hall. A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds ofD) two hundred of( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper B: _. A) In one weeks timeB) Once a monthC) After two weeksD) For half a month( ) 7. About _ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday. A) hundr

34、eds of B) two hundred C) two hundred ofD) two hundreds 五.介詞: 介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)使用，后面要跟名詞、人稱代詞賓格或動(dòng)名詞。同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，搭配不同的介詞，可以衍變出各種不同含義的詞組來(lái)，而且在不同場(chǎng)合所用介詞也各不一樣。因此，介詞的用法是比擬復(fù)雜的，要求我們?nèi)ブ饌€(gè)記住。只有在看懂、理解整個(gè)句意的前提下，才能選對(duì)正確的介詞。例題解析:( ) Mr. Brown flew to Washington _ the night before last.A) inB) onC) atD) / 在表達(dá)*一天的具體時(shí)間時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞on。但是本

35、句是表達(dá)在前天的夜里，與在前天(the day before yesterday相仿，前面不該用任何介詞，所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) The school gate is _ the north of the classroom building. A) in B) to C) onD) at在英語(yǔ)中，表達(dá)東、南、西、北的方位介詞常見(jiàn)有三個(gè)：表示在方位區(qū)域的內(nèi)部時(shí)，用介詞in。如：The playground is in the south of the school.操場(chǎng)在學(xué)校的南面。表示在與方位區(qū)域連壤的外部時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞on。如：Room 203 is on the west of R

36、oom 205.203室在205室的西面。表示在與方位區(qū)域不連壤的外部時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞to。如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.*在*的東面。此題的校門在教學(xué)大樓的北面，應(yīng)該用介詞to，所以答案應(yīng)該選B。( ) Youll get one thousand dollars _.A) after allB) at allC) in all D) all togetherafter all意為到底、畢竟、終于；at all通常與not連用，意為完全不、一點(diǎn)也不；in all通常用于數(shù)量詞后面，意為總共，同義詞是altogether。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( )

37、This bus can run _ 70 miles an hour. A) forB) withC) atD) in在表示速度、溫度、價(jià)格意思時(shí)，應(yīng)該用介詞at。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) Its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoon.A) onB) atC) untilD) byat two oclock that afternoon意為在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘，時(shí)態(tài)通常用過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)；by two oclock that afternoon意為在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘前， 時(shí)態(tài)通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；until two oclock

38、 that afternoon意為直到昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘， 時(shí)態(tài)通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。本句中stay是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，因此可用until句型；如果句中謂語(yǔ)是瞬間動(dòng)詞的話，就應(yīng)該用not until句型了。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) Tom didnt attend the lecture yesterday evening _ his illness. A) asB) forC) because D)because of 在本句中，因?yàn)樯∈且粋€(gè)詞語(yǔ)，而不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因此，不能選連詞as、for或because來(lái)連接，而要用介詞詞組because of。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) Now its q

39、uite important _ us to make full use of time. A) forB) toC) ofD) withIts important to sb. 意為它對(duì)*人來(lái)說(shuō)很重要是詞語(yǔ)搭配，Its for sb. to do 意為做*事對(duì)*人來(lái)說(shuō)是怎樣的是句型。當(dāng)兩者穿插、重疊使用時(shí)，詞語(yǔ)要讓位于句型。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。同樣，I like it so much that 句型中用so、而不用very，也屬于這種類型的表達(dá)方式。( ) Its nice _ you to get the ticket _ F1. Its said the car-race is ver

40、y e*citing. A) of, forB) for, forC) of, ofD) for, of 這句是Its of sb. to do句型，意為*人真是怎么樣，做了*事。后半句中ticket for是固定詞語(yǔ)，意為什么內(nèi)容的票子。 所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. You can draw it _ paints and brushes. A) byB) withC) in D) use( ) 2. What did you have _ breakfast A) asB

41、) withC) aboutD) for( ) 3. The police _ helping to make our city a safe place to live and work _. A) is, in B) are, inC) is, / D) are, /( ) 4. Ive got three question _ you to think about. A) ofB) forC) giveD) to show( ) 5. We can ask people _ the Festival to do the quiz. A) inB) onC) atD) for( ) 6.

42、What happens when we put some sugar _ a glass of warm water A) on B) off C) outD) into( ) 7. _ they arrived at the village after all. A) At the endB) In the endC) LastD) Attentively( ) 8. The class teacher was sent _ Christmas cards _ some of the students. A) to, byB) / , byC) to, fromD) / , to( ) 9

43、. Q: What is that film _ A: Its a science film. A) likeB) aboutC) onD) for( )10. Why not ask your friend _ some advice if youre really in trouble A) offerB) to giveC) toD) for( )11. The beautiful house is _ sale. But it wont be _ sale. A) on, forB) for, onC) with, forD) with, on( )12. The weather he

44、re was _ cold last week. A) a kind B) a kind ofC) kind ofD) kinds of( )13. The singing group is made _ four handsome lads. A) ofB) fromC) up ofD) up from( )14. Something _ wrong _ my watch, Im afraid. A) is, with B) is, in C) are, with D) are, in( )15. There _ a man and two women _ the picture. A) i

45、s, on B) are, in C) are, on D) is, in( )16. Mary doesnt know what lies ahead. _ , shes only 12.A) At all B) In all C) After all D) For all( )17. Should we _ the postage _ the parcel by ourselves A) pay, onB) pay, ofC) pay for, onD) pay for, of( )18. Alice _ her service to the public. A) was awarded

46、the prize forB) was deserved to get the prize for C) was proud forD) was pleased for六.動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和幾種變化形式八種時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (經(jīng)常,反復(fù),愛(ài)好,特點(diǎn),條件,真理) do; does am;is;are done一般過(guò)去時(shí) (過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果) did; -ed was;were done一般將來(lái)時(shí) (將要發(fā)生的事) will do will be done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí) (現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being don

47、e過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí) (當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事) was;were doing was;were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果) have;has done have;has been done過(guò)去完成時(shí) (過(guò)去完成的事；過(guò)去以前發(fā)生的事) had done had been done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) (過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的事) would do would be done * * * * * * * * * * * * * *不定式: do; not do; to do; not to do 命令式: do; dont do 現(xiàn)在分詞: doing 動(dòng)名詞: doing 過(guò)去分詞:

48、done例題解析:( ) Look. Mary _ a nice dog. She _ it just now. A) has drawn, drewB) drew, has drawnC) is drawing, drewD) is drawing, has drawn在Look、Its evening、Where is sb. 等句子后面，可能要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)，也有可能要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。反正，要根據(jù)具體情況來(lái)具體分析，考慮問(wèn)題一定要從整體情況著眼。此題后半句just now意為剛剛，很明顯要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此前句如用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)就不妥，造成句意邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。前句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)才對(duì)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該

49、選A。( ) This kind of fridge _ very well. A) sell B) sells C) are sold D) is sold在英語(yǔ)中，表達(dá)*物銷路不錯(cuò)，要用表示特點(diǎn)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，而不能用被賣這種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示。由于本句主語(yǔ)this kind of fridge是單數(shù)第三人稱，所以此題答案應(yīng)該選B。( ) What _ Mr. Smith He looks worried so much. A) happens withB) happens toC) happened withD) happened to在英語(yǔ)中，發(fā)生通?？勺g為happened或took

50、 place，要注意它不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此題之意是史密斯先生發(fā)生了什么事？他顯得很焦慮。因此，發(fā)生不能用表示經(jīng)常行為的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的happened to sb.固定詞組來(lái)表達(dá)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) Mary:Shall I tell Michael about the newsJack: No, you _. Hes already known it. A) cantB)mustnt C)neednt D) dont 此題是考核情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句型的正確答復(fù)。在Must I do 、Shall I do 、Would you like me to do 問(wèn)句后面都可以用No

51、, you neednt.(不必要)來(lái)答復(fù)。此題根據(jù)后句的句意應(yīng)該選此答復(fù)為妥。所以答案應(yīng)該選C。在May I 問(wèn)句后面，通常有以下幾種否認(rèn)答復(fù)：1. No, you mustnt. 2.No, you may not. 3. Sorry, you cant. 4.Im afraid you cant. 5. No, you cant.( ) _ clothes are usually _ near a fire in winter. A) Washed, hungB) Washed, hangedC) Washing, hungD) Washing, hangedwashed意為被洗過(guò)的，可

52、以修飾衣服；washing意為正在洗的，它該修飾人、不該修飾衣服。后句意為被掛在火爐旁，該用過(guò)去分詞hung才對(duì)。hanged也是hang的過(guò)去分詞，但是它的意思是被絞死。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。( ) The book _ by me. I _ it to a friend of mine. A) is written, sentB) is written, have sent C) was written, sentD) was written, have sent書(shū)是被*人寫的、書(shū)是在*地方被寫的都是表示發(fā)生在以前的動(dòng)作，該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如過(guò)說(shuō)書(shū)是被用英語(yǔ)寫的，那就是指書(shū)的特點(diǎn)了，

53、就該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)了。后半句意為我把它寄給朋友了是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在書(shū)不在我這里。不是強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去寄的，不該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。這種類型的時(shí)態(tài)，學(xué)生最容易錯(cuò)，千萬(wàn)要注意。英語(yǔ)中有許多動(dòng)作是以前發(fā)生的、但沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。( ) Mr. Jackson _ the city quite well since he _ in the city for a couple of years. A) knows, wasB) has known, wasC) knows, has beenD) has known, has been 本句中的since不是自

54、從之意，因此，前半句與后半句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式做是錯(cuò)誤的。本句中的since意為由于，與as近義。根據(jù)句意，熟悉城市是表示杰克遜先生的特點(diǎn)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)；他來(lái)到這個(gè)城市有兩、三年了是表示到現(xiàn)在為止的結(jié)果情況，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。( ) Could you tell me _ A) how to do it B) why do it C) how to do D) what to do it 由于do通常用作及物動(dòng)詞，因此要注意它有否賓語(yǔ)。要防止C的沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)和D的重疊賓語(yǔ)的錯(cuò)誤。B是不定式遺漏了to，所以此題答案應(yīng)該選A。關(guān)于do的這種特點(diǎn)很重要，為了熟記

55、它，可以背一句口訣：how to do it, what to do。( ) English is his favourite subject. He can _ it very fluently. A) sayB) talkC) speakD) tell 由于后句it指的是English，因此要用動(dòng)詞speak才對(duì)。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選C。talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不跟賓語(yǔ)。speak既可作不及物動(dòng)詞用，也可作及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)只能是語(yǔ)言。tell的賓語(yǔ)有限；有a story、the difference、the truth、a lie、the time等。say可跟的賓語(yǔ)最多，不再一一例舉。由此

56、句我們得到啟示；即我們?cè)谧隽?xí)題時(shí)不要被單詞的外表現(xiàn)象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的內(nèi)涵，即注意到它的真正含義是什么。再舉兩個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明注意內(nèi)涵的重要性：例1. A recorder is used to learn English in our class. 例2. His spoken English is poor. He onlyspeaks a word of it.( ) Mr. Black is the manager of this pany. He _ this pany. A) takes charge ofB) is responsible toC) is in the char

57、ge ofD) has the duty from 在英語(yǔ)中，他負(fù)責(zé)這家公司有多種說(shuō)法，如：1. He is in charge of this pany. 2. His job isto be in charge of this pany. 3. This pany is in the charge of him.4. He is responsible forthis pany. 5. He has the duty ofthis pany. 6. He takes charge ofthis pany. 在這里要注意動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系，不要記錯(cuò)了。此題答案應(yīng)該選A。( )10. Ple

58、ase _ the city map before you go sightseeing. A) look atB) have a lookC) watchD) read在英語(yǔ)中，看在不同場(chǎng)合有不同的譯法。look at意為粗略地看；have a look意為看一下，其后不能跟賓語(yǔ)；watch意為注視、仔細(xì)地看，雖然可以跟地圖搭配，但是，它只是表示一種看的狀態(tài)，沒(méi)有查看路線之意。看書(shū)、看地圖都要用動(dòng)詞read，意為閱讀、查看。所以此題答案應(yīng)該選D。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. They _ any

59、food. Theyve got plenty of _ for the piic. A) neednt, itB) neednt, themC) dont need, itD) dont need, them( ) 2. His favourite _ is _ a ta*i driver. A) job, to beB) job, / C) work, to beD) work, /( ) 3. Why does _ like _ this uniform A) he not, wearingB) not he, wearingC) he not, wearD) not he, wear(

60、 ) 4. You can not only learn _ make the delicious drink, you can also _ it.A) to , eat B) to, eatC) how to, enjoyD) how to, enjoy ( ) 5. Have you all _ your pens yet A) preparedB) prepared forC) preparationD) preparation for( ) 6. Danny practises _ twice _ week. A) to swim, aB) to swim, every C) swi