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1、關(guān)于初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞連詞第1頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類,短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞的含義第2頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四什么是介詞?它的作用是什么?1.Look at me.( )2.He goes to school by bike.( )3.He is interested in drawing.( )4.The book is on the desk.( )代詞名詞 動(dòng)名詞 介詞:通常用在_、_、_ 之前,

2、表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與 另一個(gè)之間的_。名詞代詞名詞動(dòng)名詞關(guān)系第3頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四介詞的主要分類:1. at the cinema, in the hospital _2. Write with a pen, go by bus _ 3. in summer, on Septemper 1st _4. by the way, at last, in the end _地點(diǎn)介詞方式介詞時(shí)間介詞固定搭配第4頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四一.地點(diǎn)介詞1.at the village , at home, at the co

3、rner of the street. _2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space _3. in the box, on the chair, under the desk, next to Kate, on the right of Lucy, in front of the house, behind the door _表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具體不同的介詞 第5頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四填上正確的地點(diǎn)介詞:1.在廣州 _ Guangzhou 2.在

4、電影院 _ the cinema3.在湖邊 _ the lake 4.在海里 _ the sea5.樹(shù)上的蘋果 apples _ the tree6.書(shū)上的小鳥(niǎo) birds _ the tree7.在天空上 _ the sky8.在教室外 _ the classroom9.在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上 _ the farm10.在街道上 _ the streetinatbyinonininoutsideonin第6頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四二.方式介詞1.write with a pen, cut with a knife, lock with a lock _2. see wit

5、h our eyes, do with our hands, smell with our noses, eat with our mouths _3. in English , in French , in your own words, in three language _4. in a loud voice, in a low voice _5. in this way, by this means _使用工具用介詞 with使用器官用介詞 with使用語(yǔ)言用介詞 in使用聲音用介詞 in使用方法用介詞 in 或 by第7頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四6.b

6、y bike, by bus, by train, by plane, by ship, by car (on foot) by land 陸路, by sea 水路,by air 空運(yùn) _ 但:on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car7. Shanghai lies _the east of China.( ) Japan lies _the east of China.( ) Hubei lies _the north of Hunan.( )8.in a read coat,

7、the girl in yellow, the boy in white _9.lie in bed, after a while, in the sun(在陽(yáng)光下) under the sun(天下,世界上;到底,究竟)使用交通工具用 byintoon在中國(guó)內(nèi)部在中國(guó)外部?jī)傻亟尤辣硎敬┮路?in固定搭配( )第8頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四三.時(shí)間介詞1.at six oclock, at noon, at that time, at half past three, at mid-night _2.on Sunday, on New Years Day, o

8、n March 21st, on my birthday _3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May, in 1998 _4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening _ 但: on the morning of May 1st5. at night = _ _ night6. in the day = in the _表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用 at表示在某一天用 on表示大于一天的時(shí)間用 in在早上/下午/傍晚 用 inintheday-time第9頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月

9、20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四later單獨(dú)使用可用將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)The others will join us later。later on 后來(lái),再過(guò)些時(shí)候7. 具體時(shí)間用不同的介詞:在放假期間 _the holiday 在圣誕節(jié)期間 _ Christmas 三天之后 three days _ (一般過(guò)去時(shí)) _ three days (一般過(guò)去時(shí)) _ three days(一般將來(lái)時(shí))duringlateratafterin注意第10頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四 在歲時(shí) _ the age of 有時(shí) _ times/sometimes 開(kāi)始,在起初 _

10、the beginning of 此刻 _ the/this moment = now 在結(jié)尾,在盡頭_ the end of 例如 _ example =such_ 代替 instead _ 到的時(shí)候 _ the time=when 從到 _ 在戶外,在野外 _ the open air atatatatatforofbyfromtoinas四.固定搭配的含介詞的詞組:第11頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四 相鄰,靠近 next _ 遍及 all_ 將來(lái) _ the future 由于,幸虧 thanks _ 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒 _ a while 在地球上 _ the e

11、arth 到底、究竟_ earth 下課/放學(xué)/下班后 _class/school/work 展出 _ show 值日 _ duty 獨(dú)立, 單獨(dú) all _ oneself 令(某人)驚訝 _ ones surprisetointoafteronafterononbytooveron第12頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四arrive _/_a place find _ (發(fā)現(xiàn),找到)get on/along _ be afraid _ sth. hand _(上交) hand _(分發(fā))be angry _ sb. be angry _ sth. be strict

12、 _ sb. be strict _ sth. be ready _ be full _=be filled_be good _=do well _ be busy _ sth. be late _ be interested _eat _ give _ (放棄) grow _ inatwithupinforatforupupoutofwithwithofinatoutwithinwithin第13頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四常用易混淆介詞辨析after/ in 皆可表示時(shí)間在之后,其區(qū)別為:after .表示“在某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后”,用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如: Well go

13、out for a walk after supper.表示“一段時(shí)間之后”,用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如: My mother came home after half an hour.in表示“一段時(shí)間之后”,用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如: Well go to school in two weeks.第14頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四between /among1) between 多指兩者之間。如:Whats the difference between the two words? 2) among 指三者或三者以上的同類事物之間,在或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在中間,在之中

14、”。如:The young people lived and worked among the workers. 注意:我們可以說(shuō)between you and me,但不能說(shuō) between you and I,因?yàn)閎etween是介詞。 3) between還可以用來(lái)指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間。三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的名詞用and連接,前面用between,而不用among。如:There is not much difference between the three of them. Switzerland lies _ France, Ger-many, Austria and I

15、taly. between第15頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四aboveoveronbelowunderaboveoverunderonBe careful, there is a heavy box_ your head.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.There are some stamps _ the desk.The little mouse is _ the table, so it is not easy to find it.The temperature will stay _ zero in the d

16、ay time,but at night it will fall _ zero again.白天氣溫將保持在零度以上,但在晚上又將降到零度以下。overabove onunderbelowbelowabove第16頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某個(gè)范圍以外;in the front of 表示“在的前部”,在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)例如:There are some tall trees in front of the building.在樓前有一些高樹(shù)。The teacher is sitting in the fron

17、t of the classroom.老師坐在教室前面in front of, in the front of第17頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四表示在上時(shí),不是都用on,有時(shí)須用in。在樹(shù)上in the tree 用于指樹(shù)上的鳥(niǎo)、人等。on the tree用于指生長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上的葉子、果實(shí)。在墻上in the wall鑲嵌在墻內(nèi),指窗戶、門、釘子等。on the wall在墻的表面之上,指地圖、畫(huà)像等。在報(bào)紙上in the newspaper用于指報(bào)上的內(nèi)容。on the newspaper用于指放在報(bào)紙上的東西,如眼鏡等。in, on第18頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,

18、5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四be made of 從成品上看得出的材料be made from從成品上看不出的原料be made in產(chǎn)地 be made by制造者be made up of由組成,由構(gòu)成be made into 被制成Eg:It is said that this kind of cloth is made of silk and it is made in China.據(jù)說(shuō)這種布料是由絲綢制成的并且由中國(guó)制造。This wine is made from grapes.這酒是葡萄釀的。This machine is made by Uncle Wang.這機(jī)器是王伯伯

19、制造的。The article is made up of four parts.這篇文章有四部分組成。Flour(面粉)can be made into bread.be made of、 be made from、 be made in、 be made by、be made up of、be made into第19頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四1.We usually have lunch_ noon.2.Lin Tao was born_ February 18th.3.Ann sits_ my right,_ Kates left.She sits_us

20、.4.My father is leaving_ Suzhou tomorrow.5.We must learn_ each other. at on on on between for from 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空practice第20頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四6.They went_ the gate and entered the garden.7.We can do all things _our hands._the end of the last cap,he caught up _the others.9.Be kind_people.Dont sh

21、out _people.10.Last month he worked_ a teacher _three weeks. through with Atwith to at as forpractice第21頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四1.There is a good play_TV this evening. A. on B. by C. in 2. How far is it _ Guangzhou_Beijing? A. fromto B. fromfor C. awayto3. Japan lies _the east of China. A. to B

22、. in C. on4. Mr. Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in5. A: What time did you get there this morning? B: _ eight. A. In B. At C. On6. We all agree _you. Lets start at once. A. to B. for C. withAAACBCpractice第22頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四7.He is rich _ unhappy

23、. A.or B.and C.so D.but8.Paper is made_wood. A.from B.of C.by D.in9.The basket is full_apples. A.with B.of C.in D.by10.Kate cant come. Lets ask wei Hua instead_her. A.of B.for C.to D.with11.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time. A. to B.from C.on D.for DABABpractice第23頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20

24、日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四12.Take a rest _ you finish the work. A.before B.after C.until D.while13.You cant pass the exam, _ you study hard. A.if B.of C.unless D.and14._our team tried best, _ we failed. A.Though,but B.Because,so C.If,and D. Though,/15.Dont get off _the bus stops. A.when B.after C.until D.soBDCCpr

25、actice第24頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四16. My aunt arrived here _a warm spring morning. A. in B. at C. on17. A:When did your uncle arrive _ China? B: He got to Guangzhou_the morning of the 16th of April. A. in, on B. in, in C. at, on18. Hawaii is famous _its beautiful beaches. A. in B. for C. with19.

26、 We must stop children from_with fire. A. play B. played C. playingCABC第25頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四連 詞 (Conjunction)一、連詞定義: 用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的詞。 e.g. I study English and Chinese. Does he work at school or in the hospital? I get up early, but my brother gets up late. 第26頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四二、用

27、法 1.并列連詞 - 連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞,短語(yǔ)或句子。 常見(jiàn)的有:(1)表并列關(guān)系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor,as well as(也,和)等。(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or, eitheror等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, however等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。第27頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四 考點(diǎn)一:1)判斷改錯(cuò): They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men si

28、tting behind and ate there.FFFeatingsingtalkedand (“和,并且”) 與 or (“否則”)“and” 連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)。 第28頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四(1)肯定句中用“and” 表“和”;(2)否定句中用“or”表“和” 。2)翻譯: 我喜歡英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。 我不喜歡英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。 I like English _ math. I dont like English _ math.and or第29頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四= Study hard, _ your math will b

29、e worse.3)用 “and” 或“or” 填空: Study hard, _ your math will be better.and or “and”意為“這樣,那么”; “or” 意為 “否則” 。第30頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四1. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or2. Now we have no time _ money. A. so B. and C. oror: 1. 用于疑問(wèn)句, 表選擇 2. 用于否定句, 表并列(肯定句用and)3.Christi

30、ne, Aileen _ (和) I are good friends. Study hard, _ (否則)youll fall behind. 4. Are you coming by bus _(或者) on foot? andoror第31頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四1. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or2. He or the twins _ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is from4. Not Tom but I _ going to g

31、ive the talk. A. am B. is C. areadj.比 + and + adj.比 表示越來(lái)越A or B 和 not A but B 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用就近原則。and, or, but, so 特殊用法第32頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四 表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but 和however: e.g. (他努力工作,但以失敗告終。) He worked hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he failed at last.區(qū)別: but 后沒(méi)有逗號(hào),直接連接分句; however 后有逗號(hào)

32、相隔,可放句末。考點(diǎn)二 :butHowever第33頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四觀察句子 : (1)Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.改為:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.(2)“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”*although/ tho

33、ugh 和but這兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能同時(shí)用。 ?同樣,此句錯(cuò)誤, because 和 so 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞都不能同時(shí)使用??键c(diǎn)三 :第34頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四either A or B “或者A或者B”neither A nor B “既不A也不B”not only A but also B “不僅A而且B” - 連詞詞組 :Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我將去晚會(huì)。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.(我和他都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影。)Not only you but also h

34、e _ French.(不但你而且他也講法語(yǔ)。) 【連接主語(yǔ) 時(shí),謂語(yǔ)“就近原則”】amhasspeaks考點(diǎn)四 第35頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四2. 從屬連詞-用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。常見(jiàn)的從屬連詞有:(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的if, unless等。(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的because, as, since等。(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, in order that等。(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的though,

35、 although, even if等。(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的than, asas等。(8)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that, if , whether等。第36頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四三者均可譯為“在時(shí)候”。when引導(dǎo)的從句,動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是終止性的。while引導(dǎo)的從句中,動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的,一般來(lái)說(shuō),當(dāng)while引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),主句的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生;若主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,且強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊一邊”這樣的意思,一般用 as。 When I came into the ro

36、om, I found him lying there asleep. She sang as she walked. 她一邊走一邊唱歌。注意:while 可以表示對(duì)比關(guān)系“然而”。He is short while his brother is tall.when,while,as連 詞 用 法 比 較第37頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四 Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street. A. where B. while C. when D. whetherCWhile Mr. White

37、 was taking a shower,the UFO landed on the street.考點(diǎn)一 “when” 和 “while”when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作多為終止性動(dòng)詞,也為可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞;但while只能是可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞。第38頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四考點(diǎn)二 我父親直到我們吃完飯時(shí)才回來(lái)。 My father _ come back until we had supper.notuntil/ till 直到才till 直到為止翻譯:他直到3歲才會(huì)講話。He _get up until his mother wakes him up.didnt 他經(jīng)常等

38、到媽媽叫他才起床。 He _ speak until he was 3.couldntdoesnt第39頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四1) sothat中的so是個(gè)副詞,其后只能跟形容詞或副詞 而such.that中的such是個(gè)形容詞,后接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。例如:Im so tired that I cant walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名詞之前有many, much, little, few時(shí),用so,不用such。例如:He has so little e

39、ducation that he is unable to get a job.sothat, such.that連 詞 用 法 比 較第40頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A. because B. so that C. whenB考點(diǎn)三 他起早是為了趕上早班車。(表目的) He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.He got up early so that

40、he caught the early bus.他起早,結(jié)果趕上了早班車。(表結(jié)果) He got up so early that he caught the early bus. sothatso that:為了; 所以,結(jié)果如此以致第41頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四if和whether都可作“是否”講,在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句是一般可互換。例如:I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.在下列情況下,只能用whether,不能用if:.在不定式前。例如:I havent made up my mind w

41、hether to go there or not.與or(not)連用時(shí)。例如:I dont now whether he comes or not.從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只用whether不用if。It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看是不是晴天。.作discuss等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),用whether不用if。We discussed whether we should close the shop.我們討論是不是該關(guān)掉商店if, whether連 詞 用 法 比 較第42頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四連接條件狀語(yǔ)從句:1、Yo

42、ull be late _(如果) you dont get up early tomorrow.2、Ill come to see you _(如果) Im free next Saturday. 3、Well have a picnic tomorrow _(如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.* 注意狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài):“主將從現(xiàn)”。ififif連 詞 練 習(xí)第43頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句I was cleaning the floor _(當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候) she knocked at the door. Dick climb

43、ed up into a tree _(一就) he saw the bear. I knew nothing about it _(直到才) my friend told me yesterday. I havent heard from Bill _(自從) we graduated from middle school.whenas soon asuntilsince第44頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四連接原因、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句You should return the digital camera to Sally _ she will not be angry

44、. A. so that B. because C. before 2. He was hurt _ badly _ he had to see a doctor. A. tooto B. so that C. so that 3.He took off his coat _ it was too hot in the room. A.And B. since C. but 4. Solo missed the bus _ he was late for school. A. because B. so C. or第45頁(yè),共51頁(yè),2022年,5月20日,11點(diǎn)58分,星期四連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Tom is still doing his homework _ it is very late. A. so that B. even though C. if 2. I never seem to put on any weight,_ hard I try. A. though B. no matter how 3. I enjoy learning English, _ it takes me a lot of time. A. unless B. although C. because 4. I will never

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