最新高中英語虛擬語氣知識點及練習

虛擬語氣：虛擬證據(jù)表示說的話不是事實，或者不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或者與事實相反的假設等，一般常用于正式的書面語中。一、虛擬語氣在if條件從句中的用法：1、a.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.b.IfIlivednearmyoffice,Iwouldwalktotheoffice.與現(xiàn)在事實相反，If條件從句謂語：過去式〔be用were〕主句謂語：should/would/could/might+動詞原形2、a.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,Youcouldhavepassedtheexam.b.Ifyouhadturnedoffthegas,thehousewouldn’thavecaughtfire.與過去事實相反，If條件從句謂語：had+動詞過去分詞主句謂語：should/would/could/might+havedone3、a.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.b.ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.c.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.與將來事實相反：If條件從句謂語：過去式/should+v原形/were+todo主句謂語：should/would/could/might+do二、混合虛擬條件句：不同時間的虛擬，各遵守各的規(guī)那么，如：a.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.從句表達與過去事實相反〔had+done〕，主句表達與現(xiàn)在事實相反〔would+v〕b.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.從句表達與現(xiàn)在事實相反〔過去式〕，主句表達與過去事實相反〔wouldhavedone〕三、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的適用：a.Theydemandedthattheblackpeople(should)betreatedaswellaswhitepeople.b.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffatonce.〔建議〕Hissmilesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.〔暗示，說明〕c.Iinsistedthatyou(should)givememymoneyback.〔堅決〔持〕，要求〕Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.〔堅持說/堅持認為〕這類動詞有：一堅持〔insist〕，二命令〔order,command〕，三建議〔advise,suggest,recommend,propose〕，四要求〔require,request,demand,desire〕d.IwishIwereabird.Idowishyouwouldcomeearliernexttime.IwishIhaddonebetterinmywork.四、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的適用：1.Itwas/isimportant/vital/necessary/appropriate/proper/rightthat……eg:Itisimportantthatwe(should)thinkbeforewedecide.2.Itisimportantthatwe(should)thinkbeforewedecide.據(jù)建議/要求/命令……eg:Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildrenalone.五、虛擬語氣在表語從句中的適用〔與表示決定、主張、要求、建議、命令的名詞。如：suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等〕構(gòu)成的表語從句常用should+do結(jié)構(gòu)eg：Oursuggestionisthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.六、虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的適用〔與表示決定、主張、要求、建議、命令的名詞。如：suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等〕構(gòu)成的同位語從句中常用should+do結(jié)構(gòu)eg:Doctorsgiveussomeadvicethatwe(should)paymoreattentiontoourhealth.七、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣：由butfor〔要不是〕，Without〔要是沒有〕，otherwise〔要不然〕,but等引導如：butforthestorm,Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedthedrivingtest.Iwastoobusyatthattime.OtherwiseIwouldhavecalledyou.Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.注意：句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應變能力的最正確試題。八、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、It’s(high)timethat從句:(從句用過去式或者should+動詞原形eg：It’shightimethatyouwenttoschool.2、Ifonly〔要是……就好了……〕用一般過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，用過去完成的表示與過去事實相反。eg：IfonlyIwereafilmstar.IfonlyIhadknownhisphoneunmber.3、asif引導的方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣：eg:HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadlearnedEnglishinAmericaforyears.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgoabroad.4、wouldrather+that從句中的虛擬語氣eg:Iwouldratherthatyoupaidmenow.Iwouldratherthatyouhadn’tdoneitbefore.5、虛擬語氣也常用于“ifitwere/hadbeennotfor……〞句型中，意為“要不是……〞eg:Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifithadnotbeenforyouradvice,Iwouldnothaveacceptedthejob.6、省略if的虛擬語氣：從句中有were,had,should等詞語，省略if，將were,had,should提到句首，如：a.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.b.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.→Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.c.IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear,Iwouldhaveboughtthehouse.→HadIhadthemoneylastyear,Iwouldhaveboughtthehouse.〔〕1.Ifweadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven’tmade B.wouldn’tmake C.didn’tmake D.hadn’tmade〔〕2.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttaking.A.willdo B.hasdone C.do D.did〔〕3.Don’thandlethevaseasifitmadeofsteel.A.is B.were C.hasbeen D.hadbeen〔〕4.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehad B.hadhad C.have D.had〔〕5.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewemoreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visited B.hadvisited C.wouldvisit D.wouldhavevisited〔〕6.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.lives B.wouldlive C.haslived D.weretolive〔〕7.Wethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?A.shouldface B.mightface C.couldhavefaced D.musthavefaced〔〕8.Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.was B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.wouldbe〔〕9.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,theysecondthoughts.A.mayhave B.couldhave C.musthavehad D.mighthavehad〔〕10.―Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.―Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen〔〕11.Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegone B.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgo D.hadn’tgone〔〕12.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudied D.wasstudying〔〕13.Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallow B.donotallow C.mustn’tallow D.couldn’tallow〔〕14.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow〔〕15.―Johnwenttothehospitalalone.―Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtell B.tells C.told D.hadtold〔〕16.―Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.―Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables.A.wouldn’tdie