考研考博-英語-巴中職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-巴中職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

現(xiàn)代城市對人類的悲劇性影響在于它扼殺了人類的美感。一個(gè)富足社會的物質(zhì)利益使人們的注意力從城市和文化的底蘊(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)移到科技產(chǎn)品上：洗衣機(jī)、中央供暖、自動炊具、電視機(jī)、電腦和尺寸形狀恰好的地毯。此時(shí)此刻，他們沉醉在民主、小康、有車開的幸福中，生活從來沒有這么好。

他們不愿意走路。統(tǒng)計(jì)表明：他們把從停車場到購物中心的距離設(shè)計(jì)得很短，由于沒有足夠的遠(yuǎn)離街道的停車設(shè)施，城市到處都是在馬路隨便?？康钠嚭屯＼囉?jì)價(jià)表。擁擠成為影響環(huán)境的主要因素，從統(tǒng)計(jì)中看出：每個(gè)家庭擁有兩輛車的狀況會使事情更糟。

同時(shí)，“地價(jià)”帶來的不僅是傷害，還有侮辱。土地的價(jià)值緣于它的用途，它的收入來自它提供的服務(wù)。當(dāng)它的用途被加強(qiáng)，它的收入和價(jià)值也就增加?！俺浞趾侠砝猛恋亍背蔀槌鞘邪l(fā)展主要經(jīng)濟(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種投機(jī)的方法和人口增長帶來的壓力導(dǎo)致了城市的“垂直”上升，人們也不得不適應(yīng)這種擁擠來維持這些相對虛假的土地價(jià)值?；闹嚨氖窃噲D消除擁擠的良方就是創(chuàng)造更多的擁擠。

部分的分散，或者叫虛假的分散，在遠(yuǎn)離傳統(tǒng)市鎮(zhèn)中心的地方大片開發(fā)，只是把疾病轉(zhuǎn)移到市鎮(zhèn)的周邊。如果沒有和市鎮(zhèn)交通系統(tǒng)重建相結(jié)合起來的話，就無法治愈。對于這一點(diǎn)，鋪設(shè)復(fù)雜的十字路口的必要性強(qiáng)烈影響工程解決辦法，反過來，又被夸張的地價(jià)挫敗。

【答案】Thetragicinfluenceofmoderncitiesonhumanbeingsisthattheykillthebeautyofhumanbeings.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietydivertattentionfromthecityanditsculturalheritagetotechnologicalproducts:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisions,computersandfloorcoveringsoftherightsizeandshape.Atthismoment,theyareintoxicatedindemocracy,well-off,carhappiness,lifehasneverbeensogood.

Theyareunwillingtowalk.Statisticsshowthattheyhavedesignedashortdistancefromtheparkinglottothecenterofshopping.Sincetherearenotenoughparkingfacilitiesfarawayfromthestreet,thecityisfullofcarsandparkingmetersrandomlyparkedonthestreet.Crowdinghasbecomeamajorfactorintheenvironment,andbyallaccounts,havingtwocarsperfamilymakesthingsworse.

Atthesametime,“l(fā)andprice”bringsnotonlyhurt,butalsoinsult.Landisvaluedforitsuse,anditsincomecomesfromtheservicesitprovides.Whenitsuseisstrengthened,itsincomeandvalueincrease.“Makefullandreasonableuseofland”becamethemaineconomicstandardofurbandevelopment.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressuresofpopulationgrowthhaveledtoa“vertical”riseincities,andpeoplehavehadtoadapttothecrowdingtomaintaintheserelativelyfalselandvalues.Paradoxically,thebestwaytotrytoeliminatecongestionistocreatemore.

Partialdispersions,orfalsedispersions,developlargetractsoflandfarfromthetraditionaltowncenter,merelymovingdiseasetotheperipheryofthetown.Thereisnocureifitisnotcombinedwiththereconstructionofthetown’stransportsystem.Tothisend,thenecessityoflayingcomplexintersectionsstronglyinfluencesengineeringsolutions,whichinturnarefrustratedbyexaggeratedlandprices.

2.單選題

Thescientistswereveryfrustratingastheytriedagainandagaintousethemechanicalarmtopickupthesmooth,slipperyobjectfromthebottomoftheseaandbringitintothevessel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wereveryfrustrating

B.asthey

C.againandagain

D.bringitintothevessel.

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞誤用。frustrating改為frustrated。frustrated：挫敗的，泄氣的，符合句意。frustrating：令人沮喪的。

3.翻譯題

1.Ahealthysystemofhighereducationoffersmanyrewards:scientificdiscoveries,eventualandevenunforeseenapplications,thoughtfulpoliticalleadership,intelligentpublicdiscourse,culturalvitality,andaneducatedworkforce.Higherlearningservesseveralgoalsincoordination,goalsthataremutuallyreinforcing.Theaimsareatoncepersonalandsocial,privateandpublic,economic,ethical,andintellectual.Ofcourse,highereducationhasautilitarianfunction.Inthatregard,asRobertBellah（羅伯特·貝拉）states,itpossesses"itsownlegitimacy".Yet,itiscrucialtocombineandintegratethatfunctionwithotheraimsandends,withwhatBellahcalls"educationforthedevelopmentofcharacter,citizenship,andculture.''

2.Whileitistruethatlivingorganismsareprofoundlyaffectedbytheirenvironment,itisequallyimportanttorememberthatmanyorganismsarealsocapableofalteringtheirhabitantsignificantly,sometimeslimitingtheirowngrowth.Theinfluenceofthebiologicalcomponentofanecosystemisoftengreaterinfreshwatersthanthatinmarineorterrestrialsystems,becauseofthesmallsizeofmanyfreshwaterbodies.

【答案】1.健康的高等教育系統(tǒng)提供許多獎勵：科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)（最終甚至不可預(yù)見的應(yīng)用）、深思熟慮的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、智慧的公共演講、文化活力以及受過教育的勞動力。高等院校有以下幾個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)目標(biāo),這幾個(gè)目標(biāo)是相輔相成的。其目的在于個(gè)人與社會，私人和公共，經(jīng)濟(jì)、道德和智力之間的協(xié)調(diào)。當(dāng)然，高等教育具有實(shí)用功能。在這方面，正如羅伯特·貝拉指出的那樣，它擁有"自己的合法性"。然而，關(guān)鍵是要結(jié)合和整合其他意圖和目的的功能，就像貝拉所呼吁的那樣"教育為品格、公民身份和文化的發(fā)展服務(wù)"。

2.盡管生物會深受其環(huán)境的影響是確鑿無疑的，但同樣重要的是，我們應(yīng)記住，許多生物也能極大地改變它們的棲息地，從而在某些情況下限制著它們自身的生長。某一生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的生物組成部分的影響在淡水環(huán)境中往往要比在海洋或陸地系統(tǒng)中大，因?yàn)榈性S多生物體的身體尺寸都很小。

4.寫作題

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300word.

1.WriteapieceofArgumentationwiththetopic“Exam”.Youressayshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Showyourviewwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyourviewwithnofewerthan2concretedetails;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

2.Inordertoenhanceandcultivatecultureconfidence,theMinisteroftheMinistryofEducationproposedtoinvolvetraditionalcultureinthecurriculumoncampus.

1)Stateyouropinionabouttheproposalwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyouropinionwithnofewerthan2concretedetail;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

【答案】略

5.翻譯題

緊跟世界新軍事革命加速發(fā)展的潮流，積極穩(wěn)妥進(jìn)行國防和軍隊(duì)改革，推動中國特色軍事變革深入發(fā)展。堅(jiān)持以創(chuàng)新發(fā)展軍事理論為先導(dǎo)，著力提高國防科技工業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新能力，深入推進(jìn)軍隊(duì)組織形態(tài)現(xiàn)代化，構(gòu)建中國特色現(xiàn)代軍事力量體系。高度關(guān)注海洋、太空、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間安全，積極運(yùn)籌和平時(shí)期軍事力量運(yùn)用，不斷拓展和深化軍事斗爭準(zhǔn)備，提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務(wù)能力。

【答案】答：

Weshouldcloselyfollowthenewglobalmilitaryrevolutionthatisgatheringpace,advancereformofournationaldefenseandarmedforcesinabothactiveandprudentway,anddeepenmilitarytransformationwithChinesecharacteristics.Withinnovativemilitarytheoriestakingthelead,weshouldenhanceourcapacityforinnovationindefense-orientedresearchandindustries,modernizethemilitaryorganizationalstructure,andbuildasystemofmodernmilitaryforceswithChinesecharacteristics.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetomaritime,spaceandcyberspacesecurity.Weshouldmakeactiveplanningfortheuseofmilitaryforcesinpeacetime,expandandintensifymilitarypreparedness,andenhancethecapabilitytoaccomplishawiderangeofmilitarytasks,themostimportantofwhichistowinlocalwarinaninformationage.

6.單選題

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“即將來臨的，迫近的”；B選項(xiàng)“可回收利用的”；C選項(xiàng)“有臭味的”；D選項(xiàng)“有毒的，惡毒的”；題干中toxic“有毒的，中毒的”，句意：最緊迫的事情是找到一個(gè)傾倒有毒工業(yè)廢料的地方。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源”；B選項(xiàng)generation“產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)descent“下降”；D選項(xiàng)cause“原因”。

句意：這個(gè)詞的起源尚不清楚，但肯定不是來自希臘語。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.填空題

Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact

thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite

A

B

C

discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!

D

【答案】Ddiscouraged改為discouraging

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】discouraged的意思為“沮喪的，氣餒的”，指的是人自己的感受，discouraging的意思為“使人沮喪的，令人氣餒的”，指的是某個(gè)事物令人沮喪，這里指的是倒數(shù)第一這件事令人沮喪，因此D部分應(yīng)為“discouraging”。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為把學(xué)生按成績分班有很多弊端。這沒有考慮到兒童發(fā)展的速度不同這一事實(shí)。這對聰明的孩子和不那么聰明的孩子都有消極的影響。畢竟，在高手如云的班級中倒數(shù)第一這件事，相當(dāng)令人沮喪！

9.單選題

Nearlyalltreeshaveseedsthatfalltotheearth,takeroot,andeventually().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generatenewseeds

B.newseedsgenerated

C.generatesnewseeds

D.newseedsaregenerated

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法知識。本句的that用來引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞seeds，定語從句中有三個(gè)并列的動作：fall，takeroot，generate；三個(gè)動作形式保持一致，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

ThetragedyoftheCHALLENGER（

）anongoingcontroversyonallaspectsofAmerica’sspaceprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aroused

B.rose

C.arose

D.lifted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。arouse意為“激起，引起（反應(yīng)或態(tài)度）”；rise意為“上升，攀升，提高”，其過去式為rose；arise是不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”，其過去式為arose；lift意為“舉起，抬起”。

句意：挑戰(zhàn)者的悲劇在美國太空計(jì)劃的各個(gè)方面引起了持續(xù)不斷的爭議。

11.單選題

Althoughitrulesthattheseisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect’’,a（

）moralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.century’sold

B.centuryold

C.centuries’sold

D.centuries-old

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞所有格?？崭窈笥忻~principle，因此空格處為定語。名詞不能直接修飾名詞，需要加上名詞所有格形式，century加上’s，可表示“長達(dá)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的”，前面的冠詞a決定century為單數(shù)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed，buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?（

）

2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?（

）

3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat（

）.

4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.

B.Advancesintechnology.

C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.

D.Prosperityofmedia.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.

B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.

C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.

D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized

B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror

C.theAmericanmediaiseffective

D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives

B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower

C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive

D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,緊接著后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分別對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B，C，D，只有選項(xiàng)A沒有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主義的策略就是創(chuàng)造一種和實(shí)際并不相符的恐懼氛圍。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。選項(xiàng)D與第六段第四句重現(xiàn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段，最后一句指出：這種威脅的隨機(jī)性和普遍性給人的印象是其破壞能力大大增強(qiáng)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查過去分詞的用法。句子的主語時(shí)thebanana，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知cultivate是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，其與thebanana的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，選項(xiàng)C與D可以排除。主句中用的時(shí)態(tài)是was過去時(shí)，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

TheTitanicturnedjustintimeandnarrowlymissedtobestruckbytheimmensewallofice

A

B

whichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.

C

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.just

B.tobestruck

C.rose

D.beside

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。missdoingsth.意為“避免做某事”，此處表示被動，因此用過去分詞。

試題答案：B;beingstruck

15.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1._time_

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.__/___

schoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.

3._the__

Peoplewhosellgoodsandservicesoverthetelephoneare

calledtelemarketers.India,thePhilippines,ChinaandSouthAfrica

areamongcountrieswhiletelemarketingisagrowingindustry.Others,

1.______

suchasMauritius,wanttoenterintothebusiness.Thisshouldnotbe

2.______

difficultforcountriesofthetechnologyandinterests.Manyinternational

3.______

companieshavestartedtomovetheircallcenterjobstonationswhere

thewagesarehigher.Peoplemayhavenoideaifacallcenterworkeris

4.______

ontheothersideoftheworld.

Mostcallcentersareusednotonlyfortelemarketing.Workersalso

helpcustomers.Theycollectinformationwithcompanies.Infact,India’s

5.______

callcenterindustryhasdescribedas“thebackofficeoftheworld.”

6.______

AboutseventycompaniestheredotelemarketingforAmericanbusinesses.

Someexpertsestimatethatmorethan250,000telemarketingjobshave

alreadymovedoutoftheUnitedStates.Theseandotherjobsinthe

servicesindustryareexpectedtocontinuetoleaveofthecountry.

7.______

Thisamountcouldincreasedependingonhowalegalbattleovera

National“donotcall”listissettled.Morethanfifty-millionAmericanshave

signedontoanewgovernmentlisttopreventphonecallsfrom

telemarketers.Thesecallsofteninterferewithfamilytimesordinner.President

8.______

Bushsupportsthedo-not-calllist,thattookeffectthismonth.Telemarketers

9.______

couldfacelargefinesforviolations,thoughsomekindsofcallsarestill

permitted.Theindustrysaysthelistviolatestherightoffreespeech.Inaddition,

10.______

lawmakerswhorepresentareaswithcallcentersworryaboutthelossofjobs.

ThefearisthatmoreAmericancallcenterswillcloseormoveoverseasifthe

listisenforced.

【答案】1.while→where

2.into→/

3.of→with

4.higher→lower

5.with→for

6.has∧→been

7.of→/

8.times→time

9.that→which

10.of→to

【解析】1.考查關(guān)系代詞的使用。由關(guān)鍵詞countries“國家”可知，這里的先行詞是指地點(diǎn)，所以應(yīng)該用表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系代詞where。

2.考查動詞用法。enter在句子中表示“進(jìn)入”，為及物動詞，后面不需要跟介詞into，所以把into去掉。

3.考查介詞用法。of表示“……的”；根據(jù)句子Thisshouldnotbedifficultforcountriesofthetechnologyandinterests可知，句意為：這對擁有技術(shù)和利益的國家來說應(yīng)該不難。所以該句應(yīng)該用表達(dá)“有”的介詞with。

4.考查形容詞用法。根據(jù)句子Manyinternationalcompanieshavestartedtomovetheircallcenterjobstonationswherethewagesarehigher并結(jié)合上文可知句意為：許多跨國公司已經(jīng)開始將他們的呼叫中心工作轉(zhuǎn)移到工資更低的國家。higher表示“更高的”，所以這里應(yīng)該改為lower，表示“更低的”。

5.考查介詞用法。根據(jù)句子Theycollectinformationwithcompanies可知，句意為：他們?yōu)楣臼占畔?。而with表示“和，有”的意思，所以應(yīng)該把with改為for，表示“為了”。

6.考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子India’scallcenterindustryhasdescribedas“thebackofficeoftheworld.”可知，句意為：印度的呼叫中心行業(yè)被稱為“世界的后臺辦公室”。callcenterindustry和described之間是被動的語態(tài)，所以應(yīng)該在has后面跟been表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。

7.考查介詞的使用。leave是及物動詞，表示“離開”，后面不需要跟介詞，所以應(yīng)該將of去掉。

8.考查名詞的使用。times表示“倍數(shù)”，文中指的是“家庭時(shí)間”，應(yīng)該使用time，表示“時(shí)間”。

9.考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)list后面的逗號可知，這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，而that不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，所以只能用關(guān)系代詞which。

10.考查固定搭配。righttosth.固定搭配，表示“……的權(quán)利”，所以這里應(yīng)該將介詞of改為to。

16.單選題

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,taste,andcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy.However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationformtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticallocus,initself,turnedouttohavelittleexplanatoryvalue.Studiesshowedthatsensationsasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture,andpressureapparentlymayarisetothroughactivationof

thesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitationitisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogeneousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,by1950,attemptstocorrelatementalexperiencewithbrainprocesseswouldprobablyhavebeenviewedwith（）.

2.Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”inline12primarilyinordertoemphasizethe（）

3.Thedescriptioninlines15-17ofanexperimentinwhichelectricstimuliwereappliedtodifferentsensoryfieldsofthecerebralcortextendstosupportthetheorythat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sopinionofthesuggestionthatdifferentareasofthebraindetermineperceptionsproducedbysensorynerveimpulses?（）

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indignation

B.impatience

C.pessimism

D.indifference

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings

B.similarityofthesensationsthatallhumanbeingsexperience

C.similaritiesintheviewsofscientistswhohavestudiedthehumannervoussystem

D.continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thesimplepresenceofdifferentcorticalareascannotaccountforthediversityofmentalexperience

B.variationinspatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulsescorrelateswithvariationinsubjectiveexperience

C.nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousandarerelativelyunaffectedastheytravelthroughthenervoussystem

D.thementalexperiencesproducedbysensorynerveimpulsesaredeterminedbythecorticalareaactivate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisaplausibleexplanation,butithasnotbeencompletelyproved.

B.Itisthebestexplanationofbrainprocessescurrentlyavailable.

C.Itisdisprovedbythefactthatthevariousareasofthebrainarephysiologicallyverysimilar.

D.Thereissomeevidencetosupportit,butitfailstoexplainthediversityofmentalexperience.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Nervecells

B.Nerveimpulses

C.Corticalareas

D.Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句話By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging提到直到1950年，試圖將大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程與心理活動聯(lián)系起來的努力并不鼓舞人心?？芍遣粯酚^的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.題干中的commoncurrency出現(xiàn)在句子：thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem中，與句子中的homogeneous的意思相似，選項(xiàng)A的lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulses與nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneous的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第15-17行描述的實(shí)驗(yàn)是電刺激作用于有意識的人體大腦皮層的某一特定感覺區(qū)域?qū)嶒?yàn)，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的理論來源，itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview，選項(xiàng)D“感覺神經(jīng)沖動產(chǎn)生的心理體驗(yàn)是由皮質(zhì)區(qū)域激活”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第二段第二句話However，subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity提到據(jù)此開發(fā)的記錄和分析神經(jīng)潛力的方法不能反應(yīng)這種多樣性。選項(xiàng)D與其表達(dá)一致，符合題意。

5.文章最后一段“inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetween...couldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.”提到神經(jīng)細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)沖動、皮質(zhì)區(qū)域都可以產(chǎn)生質(zhì)的變化，而神經(jīng)沖動的空間模式并沒有達(dá)到質(zhì)變。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot（）.Youshouldnotrefertothem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accurate

B.fixed

C.delicate

D.rigid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accurate“精確的”；fixed“確定的，固執(zhí)的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；rigid“嚴(yán)格的，僵硬的”。句意：那份報(bào)告中的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是不精確的，你不應(yīng)該參考它們。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.

TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.

Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthe