考研考博-英語-四川中醫(yī)藥高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川中醫(yī)藥高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose（）paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valueless

B.worthless

C.priceless

D.featureless

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless無價(jià)的,貴重的;featureless無特色的。句意：只有一雙敏銳的眼睛才能從這些多余的材料中找出那些無價(jià)的畫。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Theelectricfandoesnotworkbecauseofthe（

）ofservice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pause

B.break

C.interruption

D.breakdown

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于服務(wù)中止，所以電風(fēng)扇不轉(zhuǎn)了。

名詞辨析。Pause暫停，間歇;break停頓，間歇;interruption中止，中斷;breakdown損壞，故障。根據(jù)題目前半部分的信息可知theofservice這個(gè)部分應(yīng)該表示“服務(wù)中止/中斷”的意思，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.單選題

Itistimethenationsoftheworld（

）ahalttothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldcall

B.call

C.called

D.willcall

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Itistime(that)sb.didsth.意為“是做某事的時(shí)候了...”。句意：世界各國是時(shí)候停止制造核武器了。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.單選題

SeveralofAsianprofessorswhospokeattheconferenceexpressedtheirsupportfortheideaofholdingaspecialmeetinginPerthtofacilitatemultinationalresearchontheeconomicAproblemsfacingthecountriesaroundtheIndianOcean.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.SeveralofAsianprofessors

B.attheconference

C.problemsfacingthe

D.countriesaroundthe

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】介詞多余。Several后面去掉Of。

5.單選題

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不動(dòng)的,靜止的;stagnant停滯的,遲鈍的;briskness敏捷,活潑;sluggish行動(dòng)遲緩的。句意：上周，學(xué)校董事會(huì)主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT數(shù)學(xué)成績的提高，也哀嘆語文成績停滯不前。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Wearemakinglittle（）inpollutioncontrol.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.headway

B.sideway

C.edgeways

D.leeway

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)headway“前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步；航行速度；間隔時(shí)間”；B選項(xiàng)sideway“人行道；小巷”；C選項(xiàng)edgeways“側(cè)著；邊對(duì)邊地；在邊上的”；D選項(xiàng)leeway“退路；留有余地；風(fēng)壓差；余地”。根據(jù)固定搭配makelittleheadway“前進(jìn)的步伐很?。粵]什么進(jìn)展”可知該題選headway。句意：我們在控制污染方面成績甚微。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

10.In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inserted

B.pitched

C.plunged

D.imposed

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。insert“插入，嵌入”后接in/into/between；pitch“用力扔，投，拋”；plunge“使…陷入（某種狀態(tài)），把…拋進(jìn)”，常和介詞into搭配使用;impose“迫使，把…強(qiáng)加于”，常和介詞on/upon搭配使用。句意：1914年，發(fā)生在東歐一個(gè)偏僻地區(qū)的一件微不足道的小事使歐洲陷入了一場大戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)題干介詞into可知只有C項(xiàng)符合。答案選C。

8.單選題

GraycloudsmoveaslowassmokeoverthetreetopsatLoloPass.Thegroundiswhite.ThedayisJune10.IthasbeensnowingforthepastfourdaysintheBitterrootMountains.WayneFairchildisgettingworriedaboutourtrekovertheLoloTrail—95milesfromLoloMontanatoWeippeinIdaho,acrosssomeoftheroughestcountryintheWest.LewisandClarkwerenearlydefeated200yearsagobysnowstormsontheLolo.TodayFairchildisnervouslycheckingtheweatherreports.Hehasagreedtotakemeacrossthetoughest,middlesectionofthetrail—“butwiththisweather?’’

WhenLewisclimbedatopLemhiPass,140milessouthofMissoula,onAug.12,1805,hewasastonishedbywhatwasinfrontofhim:“immenserangesofhighmountainsstilltotheWestofuswiththeirtopspartiallycoveredwithsnow”.NobodyinwhatwasthentheUSknewtheRockyMountainsexisted,withpeakstwiceashighasanythingintheAppalachiansbackEast.LewisandClarkweren’tmerelyoffthemap;theyweretravelingoutsidetheAmericanimagination.

Todaytheirpathwaythroughthosemountainsholdsmoreattractionthananyothergroundoverwhichtheytraveled,foritsrawwildernessisatestimonytothecharacteroftwocultures:theexplorerswhobraveditshardshipsandtheNative-Americanswhoprizeandconservethepathasasacredgift.ItremainstodayinvirtuallythesameconditionaswhenLewisandClarkwalkedit.

TheLoloispassableonlyfromJulytomid-September.Ourluckisholdingwiththeweather,althoughthesnowseepsgettingdeeper.AsweclimbtoIndianPostoffice,thehighestpointonthetrailat7,033ft.,thedriftsare15ft,andup.Wehavecovered12milesinsoftsnow,andwebarelyhaveenoughenergytomakedinner.Afteramealofchickenandcouscous,Isitonarockontopoftheridge.Thereisnolightvisibleinanydirection,notevenanothercampfire.Forfourdayswedonotseeanotherhumanbeing.Weareisolatedinawaythatmixesfearwithjoy.InourimaginationwehavefinallycaughtupwithLewisandClark.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatbefore1805

（

）.

2.Judgingfromthecontext,theword“trek”(Line3,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.WelearnfromthepassagethattheLoloPass

（

）.

4.Judgingfromthecontext.LewisandClarkweremostprobably

（

）.

5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatincrossingtheLoloPasstheauthor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noAmericansknewabouttheexistenceoftheRockyMountains

B.therewerenopeoplelivinginthewesternpartofAmerica

C.nooneeverimaginedgoingwesttothePacificOcean

D.theAppalachianswerethewesternfrontieroftheUnitesStates

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alonelywalkinisolatedcountry

B.alonghardjourneyoverroughterrain

C.atoughclimbuphighmountains

D.ajourneyoverun-traveledpathways

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.remainsmuchasitwas200yearsago

B.haschangedalotsince1805

C.nowattractslargenumbersoftourists

D.isthemeetingpointoftwocultures

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.twonativeIndians

B.explorersoftheearly19thcentury

C.merchantswhodidbusinesswiththeIndians

D.travelerswhosecuriositytookthemovertheLoloPass

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasfollowingthetrailofLewisandClark

B.wastryingtosetaworldrecord

C.wasattemptingtheimpossible

D.wasgamblingwithweatherandtakingunnecessaryrisks

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的NobodyinwhatwasthentheUSknewtheRockyMountainsexisted（在當(dāng)時(shí)的美國，沒有人知道落基山脈的存在）可知選A。

第2題:詞義題。由文章第一段中的IthasbeensnowingforthepastfourdaysintheBitterrootMountains.（過去四天里，Bitterroot山脈一直在下雪）WayneFairchildisgettingworriedaboutourtrekovertheLoloTrail可推測下雪天使爬山變得更加艱難，因此C選項(xiàng)“艱難的爬上高山”符合題意。trek表示“長途跋涉，艱難的旅程（尤指在山區(qū)）”。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句ItremainstodayinvirtuallythesameconditionaswhenLewisandClarkwalkedit.（如今它保持著與Lewis和Clark那時(shí)攀登上去一樣的條件）可知A選項(xiàng)“保持和200年前一樣”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的WhenLewisclimbedatopLemhiPass,140milessouthofMissoula,onAug.12,1805（1805年8月12日，Lewis爬上米蘇拉以南140英里的LemhiPass）和第三段中的Todaytheirpathwaythroughthosemountainsholdsmoreattractionthananyothergroundoverwhichtheytraveled,foritsrawwildernessisatestimonytothecharacteroftwocultures:theexplorerswhobraveditshardships（今天，他們穿過這些山脈的路徑比他們所走過的任何其他地方都更具吸引力，因?yàn)樵嫉幕囊白C明了兩種文化的特征：勇于面對(duì)艱辛的探險(xiǎn)家）可推測他們是19世紀(jì)早期的探險(xiǎn)家，因此選B。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的最后一句InourimaginationwehavefinallycaughtupwithLewisandClark.（在我們的想象中，我們終于趕上了Lewis和Clark）可推測他們是在追尋Lewis和Clark的足跡，因此選A。

9.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthisandthenForheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項(xiàng)意為“為了揭示一個(gè)生物學(xué)家是如何對(duì)鯨魚研究感興趣的”；B項(xiàng)意為“描述了一個(gè)科學(xué)家與鯨魚一起工作的經(jīng)歷”；C項(xiàng)意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動(dòng)物相似”；D項(xiàng)意為“為了突出進(jìn)行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險(xiǎn)”。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是一個(gè)記敘文，作者描述了自從1967年以來就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠(yuǎn)也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時(shí)間觀。B選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)直接的方法是徒勞的”；B項(xiàng)意為“科學(xué)看起來似乎很神奇”；C項(xiàng)意為“這項(xiàng)工作有多么危險(xiǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“有多么的努力”。根據(jù)劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當(dāng)我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時(shí)候，這種動(dòng)物的龐大身軀不時(shí)地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧，我們到目前為止只完成了這個(gè)鑰匙孔的一個(gè)小的擴(kuò)大。’確定作者要表達(dá)的意思是盡管付出了種種努力，到目前為止我們也不過就相當(dāng)于把那個(gè)鑰匙孔擴(kuò)大了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關(guān)的，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.A項(xiàng)意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”；B項(xiàng)意為“一個(gè)典型的能在鯨魚等動(dòng)物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯然無益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項(xiàng)意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進(jìn)行的對(duì)比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一個(gè)行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔ?huì)把玩耍和快速的行動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起，能夠意識(shí)到鯨魚在玩耍的關(guān)鍵就在于要有不同的思維，它們玩耍要有更長，更緩慢的節(jié)奏，動(dòng)作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項(xiàng)“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識(shí)到，通過被動(dòng)的觀察來發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來更大的回報(bào)。我很快意識(shí)到，被動(dòng)觀察所帶來的約束比實(shí)驗(yàn)工作所帶來的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩形式的限制，使得寫詩變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動(dòng)觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式，其結(jié)果可能是十四行詩，而不是民謠。’根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“passive”觀察，也就是受限制的觀察，C選項(xiàng)“傳達(dá)了對(duì)一個(gè)明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據(jù)最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學(xué)生涯的頭十年里，我是一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)主義者?！_定A選項(xiàng)‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調(diào)查”’有涉及；由這一段后文內(nèi)容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時(shí)需要翻遍方法以及自己對(duì)不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關(guān)注，確定C選項(xiàng)“和鯨魚工作時(shí)所需要的方法的變化”和D選項(xiàng)“作者關(guān)心的是是否有能力進(jìn)行不同類型的研究”兩項(xiàng)有涉及；但B選項(xiàng)“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動(dòng)機(jī)”作者并沒有提到，所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)favorable“有利的，良好的”；B選項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)測的”；C選項(xiàng)dependable“可靠的，可信賴的”；D選項(xiàng)reasonable“合理的”。句意：隨著環(huán)境的不斷變化，結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測的。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

11.單選題

Owingtoanacutelackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.grave

C.stressful

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的，急迫的”，B項(xiàng)grave“重大的，嚴(yán)肅的”，C項(xiàng)stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”，D項(xiàng)increasing“越來越多的，漸增的”。句意：由于低收入者住房的嚴(yán)重匱乏，市政府對(duì)于嚴(yán)重的住房問題感到為難。acute在句中表示“嚴(yán)重的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtletythatitalmostreadlikea______ofherearlierwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parley

B.paranoia

C.parody

D.parole

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)parley“談判，會(huì)談”，B項(xiàng)paranoia“偏執(zhí)狂，妄想狂”，C項(xiàng)parody“拙劣的模仿，詼諧的改編詩文”，D項(xiàng)parole“言語，誓言，諾言”。由Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtlety“她后來的作品缺乏精妙之處”，結(jié)合so…that…“如此……以至于……”的邏輯可知，a______ofherearlierwork表示“早期作品的拙劣模仿”符合語境。句意：她后來的作品缺乏精妙之處，讀起來幾乎像是對(duì)她早期作品的拙劣模仿。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal:wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians-frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDay0’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof（）.

4.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare（）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:本題屬于推斷題，是對(duì)句意的理解和推斷。題干問第一段的第一句話暗示了什么，這句話的意思是“據(jù)說，英國人感覺死亡是迫在眉睫，而加拿大人認(rèn)為死亡是不可避免，但是在加利福尼亞，死亡是可以選擇的?！睆倪@句話的隱含的含義我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人對(duì)自己的醫(yī)療技術(shù)是非常自信的，他們甚至可以控制死亡。因此C項(xiàng)就是這句話想要表達(dá)的意思，A項(xiàng)不對(duì)，因?yàn)槲恼轮徽f了死亡是可以選擇的，但是并沒有說美國人不畏懼死亡，B項(xiàng)屬于無關(guān)項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)說美國人對(duì)于自己長壽自豪也是不對(duì)的，他們自豪的是自己的醫(yī)療技術(shù)而不是壽命。

第2題:本題是作者意圖題，問的是作者舉癌癥患者的例子是為了說明什么，我們可以根據(jù)題干定位到第二段，醫(yī)院會(huì)對(duì)晚期癌癥患者采用一些較為激進(jìn)且科學(xué)不支持的治療手段，不僅浪費(fèi)了醫(yī)療資源而且用處也不大，因此我們推斷出，作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)資源在那些已經(jīng)無回天之力的治療上，A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:本題是作者態(tài)度題，問的是作者對(duì)于RichardLamm的觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段。他的觀點(diǎn)是“老年人有義務(wù)去迎接死亡從而把更多的資源讓給年輕人來發(fā)揮他們的價(jià)值”，而第三段中作者給出了他的回應(yīng)“Iwouldnotgothatfar（我不會(huì)那么極端）”可以看出作者對(duì)于他的觀點(diǎn)并不完全認(rèn)同，后文中他給了詳細(xì)闡述，表示現(xiàn)在有很多年紀(jì)大的優(yōu)秀人才仍然在活躍的發(fā)揮價(jià)值中，但是在更加后面他又畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)說“在那些無可救藥的病例上或許我們確實(shí)投入過多，但是在那些有關(guān)提高人民生活質(zhì)量的事情上卻投入不足”，結(jié)合這兩點(diǎn)可以看出作者對(duì)于Lamm的觀點(diǎn)是認(rèn)同但又有所保留的，因此答案為B。

第4題:本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干的國家名稱可以定位到原文的最后一段，作者在舉例中說了日本和瑞典與美國形成了區(qū)別和對(duì)比，他說道：“雖然日本和瑞典在醫(yī)療資源上的投入比美國少，但是國民的人均壽命卻比美國長，身體也比美國人健康”。緊接著作者就談到美國“在那些無可救藥的病例上或許我們確實(shí)投入過多，但是在那些有關(guān)提高人民生活質(zhì)量的事情上卻投入不足”，因此可以看出日本和瑞典的醫(yī)療投資是比美國更加合理的，答案為D。

第5題:本題為主旨觀點(diǎn)題。需要考生從全局把握文章的主旨大意，首先通過讀完全文，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)文章圍繞的是死亡這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，第一段說道，“即使有一個(gè)偉大的醫(yī)療資源體系，我們也無法戰(zhàn)勝死亡”；第二段中，“死亡是正常的”；以及第三段中，“醫(yī)療資源不應(yīng)該用在治療一些已經(jīng)沒有希望的病上面”等，又引申出影響死亡的幾個(gè)因素，例如醫(yī)療資源，以及生活的質(zhì)量等，全文都是在告訴我們死亡是一個(gè)既定的事實(shí)，哪怕是最好的醫(yī)療資源也沒有辦法改變一些無可救藥的病癥，我們與其去浪費(fèi)這些資源，不如去拿來做更有意義的研究，因此C項(xiàng)為最佳概括，A項(xiàng)和作者的觀點(diǎn)相反，B項(xiàng)并沒有明顯提及，D項(xiàng)非重點(diǎn)，因此答案為C。

14.單選題

Thatcountryisdisturbedatthedevelopmentswhichseemunfavorabletoitsinterests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adverse

B.adherent

C.controversial

D.disagreeable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的；相反的”；B選項(xiàng)adherent“粘著的；遵守的”；C選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭議的；有爭論的”；D選項(xiàng)disagreeable“不愉快的；厭惡的；不為人喜的”。句意：那個(gè)國家對(duì)似乎不利于其利益的事態(tài)發(fā)展感到不安。A選項(xiàng)adverse（不利的）最符合題意，B，C，D選項(xiàng)都可排除。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Majorexamsarethebaneofmanyastudent'slife.Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.Thetroubleisthattakinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarhasneverbeenanidealwaytodeterminecompetence—theymaycomeattherighttimeforsomeluckystudents,butnotformanyothers.

Perhapsitdoesn'thavetobethatway.Asteachingbeginstomoveonline,wenolongerneedtowaituntiltheendofacoursetoperformassessments.Instead,computersoftwarecanassessunderstandingduringthelearningprocessitselfbyanalyzingastudent'severymouseclickandkeystroke.Socouldwefinallybeabletogetridofthedreadedfinalexam?

Abetteroptionisasystemthatallowsstudentstoadvanceattheirownpacewhentheyhavemasteredthematerial,saysJuliaFreeland,aneducationresearcher.Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.Thisisclearlysomethingthatteachersinabusyclassroommaystruggletodo.Ifcoursematerialisofferedonline,though,withthestudent'sinputanalyzedautomaticallybycomputersoftware,studentscanbeassessedindividually—eventothepointthatthesoftwarecanidentifywhenagivenstudentislikelytoperformtotheirfullpotentialonanexam.

Competency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS,saysFreeland.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.

Theideabehindthesoftwareisrelativelystraightforward.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthattheyhavereadapassageoftextorwatchedavideo,forinstance—andcombinesitwithdataonthestudent’sperformanceoninformaltestsandquizzestoestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.Whenthatunderstandingreachesapredeterminedlevel,thestudentischallengedwithnewconcepts,orofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexam.Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.AndPhilipRegier,thedeanoftheuniversity’sonlinearm,saystherearenowplansfordoing“anentiredegreeadaptively”.

Somefirmspushthetechnologyfurther.Theirartificialintelligencesoftwareanalysesthedatacollectedtoconstantlytweakthewayitpresentsnewinformationtotheindividual.Withinafewweeks,claimtheirmakers,thesealgorithmscanevenidentifywhattimeofthedayastudentismostreceptivetolessonsinagivensubject.

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout“competency-basedlearning”?

3.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolismentionedinthepassageto（）.

4.Whatis“theideabehindthesoftware”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takingexamsmakesmoststudentsnervousandstressful

B.sometimesmajorexamscandeterminepeople’sfuturecareerprospects

C.takinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarisafairwaytodeterminecompetence

D.manystudentspasstheexamsbecauseoftheirgoodluck

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisasystemthatallowsstudentstoimprovetheircompetencyallbythemselves.

B.Itwouldmaketeachersverybusyintheclassroom.

C.Itrequiresstudentstoattendclassonline,andthustheyneednotgotoclassroomanymore.

D.Itrequiresmakingtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.showthatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

B.illustratehowagoodhighschoolperformsincompetency-basedlearningandtesting

C.showhowthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisdesignedbyhighschoolsandcollegesacrosstheUS

D.illustratethatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisveryimportantbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent’sactivityoncoursewebsitestohelptoassesshiscompetence.

B.Itmoreemphasizesinformaltestsandquizzestoknowhowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.

C.Thestudentwillnotbeofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexamunlesshemanagestounderstandalltheconceptsinthetextbook.

D.Teachersmustrequirestudentstoreadtextsandwatchvideosoncoursewebsites.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wemustgetridofthedreadedexamswiththehelpofcomputersoftware.

B.Sincecoursematerialsareofferedonline,teachersneednotcareaboutstudents’performanceintheclassroom.

C.Sincethecompetency-basedlearningapproachwasprovedsuccessfulinsomecases,weshouldtrytoadoptitinmoreschools.

D.Weshouldtrytodevelopnewartificialintelligencesoftwaretocollecttheprivateinformationofteachersandstudents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.”，可知大考代表著一個(gè)一次性機(jī)會(huì)，將幾個(gè)月或者幾年學(xué)到的知識(shí)草草地寫到紙上，可能會(huì)毀掉或者成就一個(gè)人未來的職業(yè)前景?？赏茢喑鲆恍┛荚嚧_實(shí)能決定一個(gè)人的職業(yè)前景。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.”，可知這種能力本位學(xué)習(xí)要求為每個(gè)學(xué)生定制不同的教育計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“theVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.”，可知在基于能力的學(xué)習(xí)軟件的應(yīng)用方面，虛擬學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)院特許學(xué)校是一個(gè)突出的高中學(xué)校例子，可推斷出舉這個(gè)例子主要是為了描述以能力為基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)和測試在好的高中學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句，“Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthat…toestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.”，她獲取學(xué)生在課程網(wǎng)站上的活動(dòng)信息，他們訪問過的頁面等，實(shí)時(shí)確定學(xué)生對(duì)概念的理解程度?？赏茢喑鲞@個(gè)軟件是通過學(xué)生的活動(dòng)信息來判斷他們的能力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句，“Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.”，可知自從這種基于能力的學(xué)習(xí)方法引入到亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的一些課程中，通過率提升了。所以可推斷出作者會(huì)贊同這種基于能力的學(xué)習(xí)方式應(yīng)該得到更多學(xué)校的采用。學(xué)習(xí)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Loudnoisescanaffectyourhearing.Theycancauseearpain.Evenworse,ifsoundwavesfromveryloudnoisesreachyourinnerear,theycanripandteartissuesneededforhearing.

Oftenearswillhealthemselvesiftheyarenothurttoobadly.Theremayonlybeashorttimeafterthel