全國職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愌侯}試卷7

2013年全國職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愌侯}試卷(2)第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1.Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?A.lastlyB.finallyC.shortlyD.recently2.Whilewedon'tagree,wecontinuetobefriends.A.WhoeverB.WhereC.AlthoughD.Whatever3.Enormoussumsofmoneyhavebeenspenton,spaceexploration.A.MuchB.LargeC.SmallD.Fixed4.AboutonemillionAmericansarediagnosedannuallywithskincancer.A.everyyearB.severelyC.activelyD.everymonth5.Thepolicemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident.A.secretsB.detailsC.benefitsD.words6.Wewilltakeyourrecentillnessintoconsiderationwhenmarkingyourexams.A.effectB.accountC.effortD.discount7.Therearealimitednumberofbooksonthissubjectinthelibrary.A.smallB.totalC.goodD.great8.Thechairmanproposedthatweshouldstopthemeeting.A.showedB.suggestedC.agreedD.believed9.Maryhasblendedtheingredients.A.madeB.mixedC.cookedD.eaten10.Theyagreedtomodifytheirpolicy.A.clarifyB.defineC.changeD.develop11.Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.A.takeoutB.breakoffC.pushinD.digup12.TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember.A.playB.showC.sendD.tell13.Thistableisstronganddurable.A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reachingD.eternal14.Heenduredgreatpainbeforehefinallyexpired.A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated15.Thegirlisgazingatherselfinthemirror.A.smilingB.laughingC.shoutingD.staring第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。EngineeringEthicsEngineeringethicsisattractingincreasinginterestinengineeringuniversitiesthroughoutthenation.AtTexasTheincreasingconcernforthevaluedimensionofengineeringis,atleastinpart,aresultoftheattentionthatthemediahasgiventocasessuchastheChallengerdisaster,theKansasCityHyatt-RegencyHotelwalkwayscollapse,andtheExxonoilspill.Asaresponsetothisconcern,anewdiscipline,engineeringethics,isemerging.Thisdisciplinewilldoubtlestakeitsplacealongsidesuchwell-establishedfieldsasmedicalethics,businessethics,andlegalethics.Theproblempresentedbythisdevelopmentisthatmostengineeringprofessorsarenotpreparedtointroduceliteratureinengineeringethicsintotheirclassrooms.Theyaremostcomfortablewithquantitativeconceptsandoftendonotbelievetheyarequalifiedtoleadclassdiscussionsonethics.Manyengineeringfacultymembersdonotthinkthattheyhavethetimeinanalreadyovercrowdedsyllabustointroducediscussionsonprofessionalethics,orthetimeintheirownschedulestopreparethenecessarymaterial.Hopefully,theresourcespresentedhereinwillbeofassistance.16.EngineeringethicsisacompulsorysubjectineveryinstituteofscienceandtechnologyintheUnitedStates.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ThenumberofstudentswishingtotakethecourseofengineeringethicsisdecliningatTexasA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.TheNationalScienceFoundationinvolvesitselfdirectlyinwritingupmaterialaboutethicalissues.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Itseemsthatmedicalethicsandbusinessethicsaremorematurethanengineeringethics.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Severalengineeringprofessorshavequitfromteachingtoprotestagainstthecreationofanewcourseinengineeringethics.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Manyengineeringprofessorsmaynothavetimetopreparematerialforclassdiscussiononprofessionalethics.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Itislikelythatfollowingthisintroductorypassage,theauthorwillprovidethenecessarymaterialrelatedtothetopicofengineeringethics.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～6段其中四段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThingAlthoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknown,newresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleep，aswellasanumberofothersleepproblems，thanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.Thesefindings,whichDr.DanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,demonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hoursanight.Headdedthat“itmightbeagoodidea”forpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbed,butcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep–forinstance,onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.Forthecurrentreport，Kripkereviewedtheresponsesof1,004adultstosleepquestionnaires,inwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheWeekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight，arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep，andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.Inaninterview,Kripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidence，headdedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.“Itstandstoreasonthatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbed,thenthey’llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake.”hesaid.23.Paragraph2________24.Paragraph4________25.Paragraph5________26.Paragraph6________A.Keprike’sResearchToolB.DangersofHabitualShortagesofSleepC.CriticismonKripke’sReportD.AwayofOvercomingInsomniaE.SleepProblemsofLongandShortSleepersF.ClassificationofSleepProblems27.Togetagoodnight’srest，peoplemaynotneedto________.28.Longsleepersarereportedtobemorelikelyto________.29.Oneofthesleepproblemsiswakinginthemiddleofthenight,unableto________.30.Onesurveyshowedthatpeoplewhohabitually________eachnighthaveahigherriskofdying.A.fallasleepagain.B.becomemoreenergeticthefollowingdayC.sleeplessthan7hoursD.confirmthoseseriousconsequencesE.suffersleepproblemsF.sleepmorethan8hours第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇SugarPowerforCellPhonesUsingenzymescommonlyfoundinlivingcells,anewtypeoffuelcellproducessmallamountsofelectricityfromsugar.Ifthetechnologyisabletosucceedinmassproduction,youmaysomedayshareyoursweetdrinkswithyourcellphone.Infuelcells,chemicalreactionsgenerateelectricalcurrents.Theprocessusuallyreliesonpreciousmetals,suchasplatinum.Inlivingcells,enzymesperformasimilarjob,breakingdownsugarstoobtainelectronsandproduceenergy.Whenresearcherspreviouslyusedenzymesinfuelcells,theyhadtroublekeepingthemactive,saysShelleyD.MinteerofStLouisMinteerandTarnaraKlotzbach,alsoofStLouisInthenewfuelcell,tinypolymerbagsofenzymeareembeddedinamembranethatcoatsoneoftheelectrodes.Whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgetsintoapocket,theenzymeoxidizesit,releasingelectronsandprotons.Theelectronscrossthemembraneandenterawirethroughwhichtheytraveltotheotherelectrode,wheretheyreactwithoxygenintheatmospheretoproducewater.Theflowofelectronsthroughthewireconstitutesanelectricalcurrentthatcangeneratepower.Sofar,thenewfuelcellsdon’tproducemuchpower,butthefactthattheyworkatallisexciting,saysPaulKenis,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofSugar-eatingfuelcellscouldbeanefficientwaytomakeelectricity.Sugariseasytofind.Andthenewfuelcellsthatrunonitarebiodegradable,sothetechnologywouldn’thurttheenvironment.Thescientistsarenowtryingtousedifferentenzymesthatwillgetmorepowerfromsugar.Theypredictthatpopularproductsmaybeusingthenewtechnologyinaslittleas3years.31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whencanweshareoursweetdrinkswithourcellphones?A.Whenenzymescanbecommonlyfoundinlivingcells.B.Whenthetechnologyofproducinganewtypeoffuelcellappears.C.Whenthetechnologyofanewtypeoffuelcellissuitableformassproduction.D.Whenthetechnologyofmassproducingcellphonesappears.32.WhattroubledidMinteerandKlotzbachhaveintheirresearch?A.Theyhadtroublekeepingenzymesinfuelcellsactive.B.Theyhadtroublekeepingbiologicalcellsactive.C.Theyhadtroubleproducingfreshenzymes.D.Theyhadtroublefindingmechanismforproducingenzymes.33.AccordingtoParagraph5,electronsarereleased_____A.whenbagsofenzymeareembeddedinthenewfuelcell.B.whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgoesthroughtheenzyme.C.whentheenzymeoxidizestheglucosefromasugaryliquidthatgoesthroughapocket.D.whentheenzymeoxidizesthesugaryliquidthatgoesthroughapocket.34.Whatisexcitingaboutthenewfuelcells?A.Theirlimitlesspowergenerationcapacityisamazing.B.Theirlimitedpowergenerationcapacityisagoodbeginning.C.Theirlimitedpowergenerationcapacityistheresultofgreatefforts.D.Theirlimitlesspowergenerationcapacityisamajoraccomplishment.35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatisNOTtrueofthenewfuelcells?A.Thenewfuelcellsrunonsugarthatiseasytofind.B.Thenewfuelcellsareenvironmentfriendly.C.Thenewfuelcellsarebiologicallydegradable.D.Itwilltakesometimebeforethenewfuelcellscanbeusedinpopularproducts.第二篇CitizenScientistsUnderstandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifecycleevent－flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring－allaroundtheworld.Butecologistscan’tbeeverywheresothey’returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forhelp.Climatescientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanyplacesintheworldandnotenoughscientiststoobserveallofthem,they’reaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrosstheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletoobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest－birds,trees,flowersbudding,etc.－andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshelpinglargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat,citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthat’sneededtobecomeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsenditin.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork.“Phenology”iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.Oneofthegroup’sfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopleparticipatingintheproject－whichisopentoeveryone－recordtheirobservationsontheProjectBudBurstwebsite.“Peopledon’thavetobeplantexpertstheyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat’sintheirneighborhood,”saysJenniferSchwartz,aneducationconsultantwiththeproject.“Aswecollectthisdata,we’llbeabletomakeanestimateofhowplantsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges.”36.Ecologiststurntonon-scientistcitizensforhelpbecausetheyneedthem_____A.toprovidetheirpersonallifecycles.B.toobservethelifecycleofplants.C.tocollectdataofthelifecycleoflivingthings.D.toteachchildrenknowledgeaboutclimatechange.37.Whatarecitizenscientistsaskedtodo?A.Todevelopaspecificresearchinterestandbecomeprofessionalscientists.B.Tosendtheirresearchobservationstoaprofessionaldatabase.C.Toincreasetheirknowledgeaboutclimatechange.D.Tokeeparecordoftheirresearchobservations.38.In“Allthat’sneededtobecomeone…(paragraph2)”,whatdoestheword“one”standsfor?A.acitizenjournalist.B.acitizenscientist.C.ascientist.D.acitizen.39.WhatisNOTtrueofProjectBudBurst?A.Onlyexpertscanparticipateinit.B.Everybodycanparticipateinit.C.Itcollectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplants.D.Ithasitsownwebsite.40.WhatisthefinalpurposeofProjectBudBurst?A.Tostudywhenplantswillhavetheirfirstbuds.B.Tofindoutthetypesofplantsintheneighborhood.C.TocollectlifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.D.Toinvestigatehowplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges.第三篇ASunshadeforthePlanetEvenwiththebestwillintheworld，reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingtopreventglobalwarming.Ithasbecomeclearthatevenifwetakethemoststrongmeasurestocontrolemissions，theuncertainties(不確定)inourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextremewarmingandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime，resistancebygovernmentsandspecialinterestgroupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbeimplemented(執(zhí)行)soonenough.Fortunately，iftheworstcomestotheworst，scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves.Forthemostparttheyhavestronglyresisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseofcomplacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatis.Agrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scale“geoengineering”projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteract(抵消)globalwarming.“Iusetheanalogyofmethadone,”saysStephenSchneider，aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming.“Ifyouhaveaheroinaddict，thecorrecttreatmentishospitalization，andalongrehab.Butiftheyabsolutelyrefuse，methadoneisbetterthanheroin.”Basicallytheideaistoapply“sunscreen”tothewholeplanet.OneastronomerhascomeupwitharadicalplantocoolEarth;launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace，wheretheywouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun’srays.It’scontroversial，butrecentstudiessuggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth’ssurfacetocounteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthatblockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun’srayswouldcanceloutthewarmingeffectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial，becauseeventhemostsevereemissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswithadoublingofcarbondioxidebytheendofthiscentury，andthatwouldlastforatleastacenturymore.41.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，theauthorthinksthatA.strongmeasureshavebeentakenbythegovernmenttopreventglobalwarming.B.toreducecarbonemissionsisallimpossiblemission.C.despitethedifficulty，scientistshavesomeoptionstopreventglobalwarming.D.actionssuggestedbyscientistswillneverberealized.42.Scientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon'twantpeopletoA.knowwhattheyaredoing.B.feeltheireffortsareuseless.C.thinktheproblemhasbeensolved.D.seetherealproblem.43.WhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaheroinaddictandmethadone?A.Methadoneisaneffectivewaytotreatahardheroinaddict.B.Methadoneisnotacorrectwaytotreataheroinaddict.C.Hospitalizationtogetherwithmethadonecanworkeffectivelywithaheroinaddict.D.Methadoneandheroinareequallyeffectiveintreatingaheroinaddict.44.WhatisStephenSchneider’sideaofpreventingglobalwarming?A.Toaskgovernmentstotakestrongermeasures.B.ToincreasethesunlightreachingtheEarth.C.ToapplysunscreentotheEarth.D.Todecreasegreenhousegases.45.WhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof“sunscreen”,accordingtothelastparagraph?A.ItdeflectssunlightreachingtheEarthtocounteractthewarming.B.Itblockstheincidentenergyinthesun’srays.C.Itisacontroversialmethod.D.Itdecreasesgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。Don’tRelyonPlanktontoSavethePlanetEncouragingplanktongrowthintheoceanhasbeentoutedbysomeasapromisingwaytoremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.46Addingirontopatchesofoceancanmakeplanktonbloomtemporarily.Themicroscopicorganismssuckupdissolvedcarbondioxidefromthewater,whichinturnisreplacedbycarbondioxidefromtheair.47JorgeSarmientofromPrincetonandhiscolleaguesdevelopedacomplexcomputermodeltoanalysehowfactorssuchasoceanchemistryandwatercirculationwouldaffecttheprocessif160,000squarekilometresofoceanwereseededwithironforamonth.48Intheirscenario,whichcoversanarea10timesasbigasthelargestexperimentofthiskindeverproposed,fertilisingtheoceanremoves1milliontonnesofcarbonfromtheatmosphere—just0.2percentofthecarbondioxidehumankindspewsouteachmonth.Roughestimatesinthepasthavepredictedsimilarlydisappointingresults.49saysSallieChisholm,anenvironmentalengineerfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.“Butthetake-homemessageisthesame.50”A.Itsopponentsargue,however,thatitwillstopglobalwarming.B.Itsopponentsfearthatitwilldamagethemarineecosystem,andnowacomputermodelshowsthatthetrickwouldalsoberemarkablyinefficient.C.Asplanktondieandsettleontheoceanfloor,theircarbonissupposedlylockedupintheseabed.D.Theyfoundthat100yearslateronlybetween2and11percentoftheextracarbonthatwasoriginallytakenupbyplanktonhadactuallybeenremovedfromtheatmosphere.E.“Thesearenewerandbettermodels.”FOceanfertilisationisnottheanswertoglobalwarming.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。SingingAlarmsCouldSavetheBlindIfyoucannotsee,youmaynotbeabletofindyourway______(51)ofaburningbuilding—andthatcouldbefatal.AcompanyinLeedscouldchangeallthatwithdirectionalsoundalarm