全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)(一)模擬真題

全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)(一)模擬真題（江南博哥）材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答1-20題Advancesingenetictechnologiesallowscientiststotakeanunprecedentedglimpseintothegeneticmakeupofeveryperson.Theinformationfromthistestingcanservemanyvaluable

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：Itcansavelives,assistcouplestryingtodecidewhetherornottohavechildren,andhelplaw-enforcementofficialssolveacrime.2

breakthroughsingenetictestingalso

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sometroublingsocialconcernsaboutprivacyanddiscrimination.4

,ifanindividual'sgeneticinformationbecomeswidely

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,itcouldgivehealthinsurerscausetodenycoveragetopeoplewithcertainriskfactorsorencourageemployerstorejectcertainhigh-riskjobapplicants.Furthermore,manygenetically

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problemsaremorecommonamongcertainracialandethnicgroups.Manyminoritygroupsfearthatthe

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ofgenetictestingcouldcreatewholenew

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ofdiscrimination.Ofparticularconcernaregeneticteststhat

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lightontraitssuchaspersonality,intelligence,andmentalhealthorpotentialabilities.Geneticteststhat

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apersonisunlikelytogetalongwithotherpeoplecouldbeusedtolimitaperson'sprofessionaladvancement.Inothercases,teststhat

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ageneticriskofheartfailurecoulddiscourageaperson12

competinginsports.Newtechnologiesthat

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themanipulationofgeneshaveraisedevenmoredisturbingpossibilities.Genetherapyadvances,whichallowscientiststoreplace

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geneswithnormalalleles,givepeoplewithtypicallyfataldiseasesnewhopeforhealthylives.15

,genetherapyhasfocusedonmanipulatingthegeneticmaterialinbodycells

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gametes(thecellsinvolvedinreproduction),sothechangeswillnotbe

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tofuturegenerations.However,theapplicationofgenetherapytechniquestogametesseems

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.Suchmanipulationmighthelppreventthe

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ofdiseasefromonegenerationtoanother,butitcouldalso

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unforeseenproblemswithlong-lastingconsequences.1

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第1題答案是A.purposesB.perspectivesC.fieldsD.vocations正確答案：A參考解析：purpose意圖、計(jì)劃、目的perspective觀點(diǎn)、看法field領(lǐng)域、視野vocation職業(yè)、使命基因技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使得科學(xué)家們能夠看見(jiàn)每個(gè)人的基因構(gòu)成，而這是前所未有的事情，檢測(cè)所得來(lái)的信息有多種寶貴的______.A表示有多種用途。正確。2

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第2題答案是A.YetB.And

C.ThereforeD.Whereby正確答案：A參考解析：空格前說(shuō)了基因檢測(cè)的多種用途。空格后面指出基因檢測(cè)的重大突破也使社會(huì)越來(lái)越關(guān)注隱私和歧視這樣令人不安的話題。其中存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系。A正確。3

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第3題答案是A.decrease

B.settle

C.raise

D.keep正確答案：C參考解析：主語(yǔ)是breakthroughsingenetictesting，賓語(yǔ)是sometroublingsocialconcerns空格填寫(xiě)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞表明主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的聯(lián)系。由句意可推測(cè)“令人不安”是負(fù)面影響，即基因檢測(cè)所導(dǎo)致的一些問(wèn)題，C正確。4

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第4題答案是A.IncontrastB.ForexampleC.InconsequenceD.Asusual正確答案：B參考解析：上一句提到對(duì)社會(huì)話題的憂慮。后面的主句又指出這就給了健康保險(xiǎn)公司拒絕為有某種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的人承保的理由?；驎?huì)使雇主拒絕聘用某類高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的求職者。很明顯這句話是對(duì)上的舉例說(shuō)明。B正確。5

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第5題答案是A.reliableB.identifiableC.suitableD.available正確答案：D參考解析：reliable

可信賴的、可靠的identifiable可辨認(rèn)的、可視為相同的suitable合適的、適宜的available可用的，可獲得的翻譯：如果個(gè)人的基因信息變得______，這就給了健康保險(xiǎn)公司拒絕為又某種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的人承保的理由。available有“可獲得的”的意思。D正確。6

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第6題答案是A.integrated

B.complicatedC.combinedD.linked正確答案：D參考解析：integrate合并、成為一體complicate使復(fù)雜化combine使結(jié)合、混合link聯(lián)系、有關(guān)系Furthermore表遞進(jìn)，翻譯：此外，很多和基因______問(wèn)題在某些種族和族群里更為普遍.linked“相關(guān)聯(lián)的”符合此處文意。D正確。7

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第7題答案是A.expansion

B.inflation

C.extensionD.verification正確答案：A參考解析：expansion擴(kuò)大、擴(kuò)張inflation膨脹、通貨膨脹extension延期、延長(zhǎng)verification證明、證實(shí)翻譯：很多少數(shù)民族擔(dān)心,，基因檢測(cè)的______會(huì)引起全新的歧視.A符合題意。8

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第8題答案是A.informationB.avenues

C.places

D.words正確答案：B參考解析：information信息avenue方法、途徑place放置、安頓、地方word詞語(yǔ)、消息翻譯：很多少數(shù)民族擔(dān)心，基因檢測(cè)的擴(kuò)大使用會(huì)引起全新的歧視________。B符合題意。正確。9

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第9題答案是A.embodyB.shedC.setD.shoot正確答案：B參考解析：固定搭配shedlighton：使..清楚的顯出10

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第10題答案是A.concludeB.predict

C.indicateD.allege正確答案：C參考解析：conclude推斷出、總結(jié)predict預(yù)言、預(yù)測(cè)indicate表明、暗示allege斷言、宣稱翻譯：那些基因結(jié)果_____一個(gè)人不太可能與其他人相處融洽的基因檢測(cè)可能被用來(lái)限制一個(gè)人的職業(yè)晉升。C正確。11

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第11題答案是A.certify

B.rectify

C.identifyD.justify正確答案：C參考解析：cetify證明、給…頒發(fā)結(jié)業(yè)證書(shū)

rectify

改正、校正identfy認(rèn)出、辨別

justify證明...有理

前面舉了一個(gè)例子與人相處不融洽的基因會(huì)限制一個(gè)人的晉升，另外一些情況應(yīng)該也是講述基因檢測(cè)帶來(lái)的一些不良影響。

基因檢測(cè)____心理衰竭的基因風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的檢測(cè)會(huì)阻止一個(gè)人_____體育競(jìng)技。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)identify“確認(rèn)”。12

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第12題答案是A.fromB.intoC.with

D.on正確答案：A參考解析：固定搭配discouragesbfromdoing：勸某人不要做什么。13

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第13題答案是A.preach

B.allow

C.fund

D.grant正確答案：B參考解析：that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾主語(yǔ)Newtechnologies，空格處應(yīng)填人一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)。翻譯：_______操縱基因的新技術(shù)引起了甚至更多不安的可能性。allow“允許、使可能”符合題意。14

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第14題答案是A.infective

B.effectiveC.productiveD.defective正確答案：D參考解析：infective會(huì)傳染的;有傳染性的

effective

有效的、實(shí)際的

productive

富有成效的、多產(chǎn)的

defective

有缺陷的、有毛病的基因療法的進(jìn)步使得科學(xué)家們用正常的等位基因替代______基因，這也給那些患有某種致命疾病的人燃起了健康生活的新希望.

D正確。15

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第15題答案是A.AsaresultB.InasenseC.TodateD.Ineffect正確答案：C參考解析：Asaresult所以、結(jié)果Inasense在某種意義上、在一定程度上Todate到目前為止、迄今Ineffect實(shí)際上空格后面指出，基因療法專注于操縱身體細(xì)胞里的基因物質(zhì)，用的是完成時(shí)態(tài)hasfocusedon。各個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入空格，只有Todate“迄今為止”符合題意。16

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第16題答案是A.lessthan

B.morethanC.otherthanD.soonerthan正確答案：C參考解析：lessthan小于、以內(nèi)morethan超過(guò)、多余otherthan除什么以外soonerthan早于翻譯：迄今為止，基因療法集中于操縱配子(生育細(xì)胞)______身體細(xì)胞里的基因物質(zhì).17

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第17題答案是A.passedonB.givenupC.putforward

D.turnedover正確答案：A參考解析：passon傳遞、傳給giveup放棄、投降putforward提出、將什么前移turnover移交轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯：因此，這種改變也不會(huì)_______未來(lái)的子孫.前文說(shuō)基因療法集中于操縱除配字以外的身體細(xì)胞。所以passedon“傳給”代入后符合文意。18

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第18題答案是A.invisible

B.inactive

C.inevitableD.incapable正確答案：C參考解析：invisible看不見(jiàn)的、無(wú)形的inactive不活動(dòng)的、不活躍的inevitable不可避免的、必然發(fā)生incapable無(wú)能力的、不會(huì)的翻譯：然而，配子基因療法技術(shù)的應(yīng)用似乎是________。前文說(shuō)這種改變不會(huì)傳染給后代。然后however轉(zhuǎn)折。inevitable“不可避免的”代人空格后表明其趨勢(shì)。19

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第19題答案是A.observationB.transmissionC.evaluationD.demonstration正確答案：B參考解析：observation觀察、監(jiān)視transmission播送、傳送evaluation評(píng)估、估價(jià)demonstration示范、演示翻譯：這種技術(shù)有助于預(yù)防疾病由一代______另一代.transmission代人后意為“疾病的傳播。20

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第20題答案是A.leadB.indicate

C.reflect

D.produce正確答案：D參考解析：lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、導(dǎo)致indicate表明、暗示reflect反映、反射produce引起、產(chǎn)生翻譯：但這也會(huì)______一些不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題，導(dǎo)致持久的后果.produce有“引起，帶來(lái)”的意思。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題The60thanniversaryoftheexpeditionthatfirsttookhumanstothehighestspotonearth—thepeakofEverest—waswidelycelebratedsevenyearsago.The60thanniversaryofthefirstexpeditiontoitsdeepestpointhasgonealmostunnoticed.YetthattriptothebottomoftheChallengerDeep,atthesouthernendoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean,wasanequallyremarkablefeatandhasrarelybeenrepeated.WhilethousandsofclimbershavesinceclimbedEverestinthefootstepsofTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary,onlytwomorepeoplehavefollowedtherouteofJacquesPiccardandDonWalsh,whoreachedthebottomin1960.Itwasnotuntil2012thatfilm-makerJamesCameronconductedasolodivetothealmost11km-deepvalley,collectingsamplesandvideo.Lastyear,explorervictorVescovofollowedsuit.True,otherreaches,notquiteasdistant,havebeenbetterexplored.Butthoughmorethanhalftheworldiscoveredbyoceanmorethan200mdeep—thepointatwhichthesunlightfadesandoneentersthetwilightzone—itwasnotuntil1930thathumansreachedthedeepseaforthefirsttime.Thoughscientistshavesincediscoveredextraordinarycreaturesandfeatures,muchremainstobediscovered.Thereachesoftheseabeneath6kmareknownasthehadalzone,takingtheirnamefromtheunderworldoftheancientGreeks：thedepthoftheMarianaTrenchensuresitisperpetuallydark,andthattemperaturesareonlyjustabovefreezing.Yetwearediscoveringthatifitisaninhospitablespaceforhumans,itisfarfromdeserted.Fouryearsago,alivevideofeedfromaremotelyoperatedvesselallowedordinaryviewerstoseetheabundant,though"notverydiverse",lifetobefounddownthere.Theareanowenjoysprotection,escapingunscathedafteritwaslistedasoneofthe27nationalmonumentsthatDonaldTrumpplacedunderreviewin2017.Otherpartsofthedeepseaareatimmediaterisk.Evenasresearchersincreasetheirabilitytoexplorethisworld,theraceisontoexploitit.AnanalysispublishedlastmonthinthejournalOneEarthwarnedofthethreattotheoceansfrom"blueacceleration",therecentriseinmarineindustrialization,whichincludesseabedmineralmining.Greenpeacewarnedlastyearthat29ocean-floorexplorationlicenceshadbeenissued,coveringanareatotaling1.3millionsqkm—threateningtoworsentheclimateemergencybydisruptingcarbonstoresinseafloorsediments,aswellasdestroyingbarelyexploredhabitatsthatmightofferextraordinaryscientificinsightsandevennewmedicines.ThoughtheUNissupposedto

wrapup

aglobaloceantreatythisyear,manycampaignersarepessimisticabouttheprospectofitofferingthekindofprotectiontheybelieveisneeded.Governmentsmustdobetter.Tofallshortwouldnotonlythreatenthehabitatsandcreaturesofthedeep,buthumanstoo,howeverunlikelymostofusaretoeverventuredownthere.21

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InParagraph2,JamesCameronandVictorVescovoiscitedtoshowthat_______A.samplesandvideoshouldbecollectedin11km-deepvalleyB.extraordinarycreaturesandfeaturescanbediscoveredC.thedeepestpointonearthhasgonerarelyexploredD.thetriptothe11km-deepvalleyhasnotbeenrepeated正確答案：C參考解析：WhilethousandsofclimbershavesinceclimbedEverestinthefootstepsofTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary,onlytwomorepeoplehavefollowedtherouteofJacquesPiccardandDonWalsh,whoreachedthebottomin1960.第二段講述了，有很多人沿著TenzingNorgayandEdmundHillary的腳步接著攀登珠穆拉瑪峰，但是很少人探索地球最深處的“挑戰(zhàn)者深淵”，故選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。22

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Whichofthefollowingistrueofthehadalzone?A.Itisaliveablespaceforhumanstolive.B.Itallowspeopletoseeabundantlifethere.C.ItisnamedaftertheunderworldoftheRoman.D.Itfailstopassthenationalmonumentsreview.正確答案：B參考解析：Fouryearsago,alivevideofeedfromaremotelyoperatedvesselallowedordinaryviewerstoseetheabundant,though"notverydiverse",lifetobefounddownthere.根據(jù)題意B選項(xiàng)“在這里人們可以看到豐富的生物”為正確答案。23

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WhatdoestheimmediateriskinParagraph5refersto?A.Human'sgrowingcapacityforresearch.B.Thespeedingupoftheindustrialization.C.Human'sexploitationoftheocean.D.Thedeteriorationsofenvironment.正確答案：C參考解析：Otherpartsofthedeepseaareatimmediaterisk.Evenasresearchersincreasetheirabilitytoexplorethisworld,theraceisontoexploitit.研究人員除了提高探索深海的能力外，也在競(jìng)相開(kāi)發(fā)這片深海，由此可知，這里的immediaterisk指的即是人類對(duì)海洋的開(kāi)發(fā)，故選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。24

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Thephrase"wrapup"(Para6)isclosestinmeaningto______A.endorseB.condemnC.bargainD.formulate正確答案：A參考解析：endorse簽署condemn譴責(zé)bargain討價(jià)還價(jià)formulate制定翻譯：盡管聯(lián)合國(guó)本應(yīng)在今年_____一項(xiàng)全球海洋條約，但許多海洋保護(hù)人士對(duì)該條約所提供的必要保護(hù)措施的前景感到悲觀.海洋條約應(yīng)該是簽署或者締結(jié)，故選項(xiàng)endorse“簽署”正確。25

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Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ProspectofGlobalOceanTreatyB.IntroductionoftheHadalZoneC.AdventureoftheEverestD.ExpeditionoftheDeepSea正確答案：D參考解析：文章從探索珠穆拉瑪峰和太平洋馬里亞納海溝南端的對(duì)比，引出了海洋的探索，及其海洋探索的價(jià)值與問(wèn)題。本文通過(guò)舉例的方式，表達(dá)了對(duì)海底未知區(qū)域進(jìn)行探索是十分有必要的，但也要注意保護(hù)這些未開(kāi)發(fā)地。D正確。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題Economistshavecometorivalevenjournalistsandpoliticiansinlackofpublicesteem.Thatmightbepartlybecausesomanyeconomistsseemasinterestedinjournalismandpoliticsasinadvancingtheirscience.Butthere'salsoadeeperproblem：Farfromadvancing,thescienceofeconomicshasbeengoingbackwards.Economiststendtobeeitherpractitionersortheorists.PractitionersonWallStreet,incentralbanks,andingovernmentaimtosaywheretheeconomyisheadedandofferadviceonhowtoimproveitstrajectory.Academicsinuniversitiesandbusinessschoolsspinthetheoriesthatguidethepractitioners.Thetroubleis,toomanytheorists—especiallyinthemainstreamofthediscipline—havedriftedfarfromtherealworld.Theirambitionhasbeentobuildmathematicallyelegantandinternallyconsistentmodelsoftheeconomy,evenifthatrequireswhollyunrealisticassumptions.Granted,justasmapshavetosimplifycomplexterrain,theoreticalmodelsmustignoreaspectsofrealitytobeanyuse.Butthere'salinebetweensimplificationandgrossdistortion,andmodernmaeroeconomicshascrossedit.Beforethe2008financialcrisis,forexample,thestandardmodelsmoreorlessignoredfinance.Nobanks,noindebtedness,noleverage.Asaresult,theycouldn'tmakesenseoftheworstglobalrecessionsincethe1930s.Theyalsotypicallyassertedthatfiscalstimulushadlittleornoeffectonconsumerspending,whichfollowsfromthemodel'smathematicallyconvenientassumptions.IfPresidentBarackObamaandCongresshadappliedsuchthinkingin2009,therecessionwouldhavebeenmuchworse.Fortunately,policywasguidednotbymodernmacrobutbyold-fashionedKeynesianism,longsinceabandonedbytheacademy.Givensuchspectacularfailures,you'dthinktheprofessionwouldhavegonebacktothedrawingboard.Ithasn't.True,someimprovementshavebeenattempted,andsomescholarshavedonevaluableworkonthehistoryofcrises,theroleofhouseholddebt,thedriversofinequality,andmuchelse.Buttheerroratthecoreofmodernmacroeconomics—thatmathematicalconsistencymattersmorethanempiricalrelevance—prevails.Justglancethroughtheleadingacademicjournals.Revivingeconomiesasasciencewillrequireeconomiststoactmorelikescientists.Ifmodelsarerefutedbytheobservableworld,tossthemout.Relyonexperiments,dataandreplicationtotesttheoriesandunderstandhowpeopleandcompaniesreallybehave.Editorsofthemostprestigiousjournalsshouldopentheirpagestoresearchthatchallengesthestandardtheories,evenifitdoesn'tyetpointtoencompassingnewalternatives.Injustabouteverybranchofscience,theoreticalresearchhasbeencrucialtoachievingbreakthroughs.Inmacroeconomics,ithasheldprogressback.Tostopthedisciplinefadingintoirrelevance,thiswillhavetochange.Whoknows?Ifitdoes,economistsmightfinallystartgettingsomerespect.26

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Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorshowshisconcernsthat_____A.economistsarenolongersolelyinterestedineconomies.B.theoristsdonotprovideusefuladvicetothegovernment.C.thescientificstatusofeconomicswouldkeepdeclining.D.economistswouldhardlyregaintheirpublicrespect.正確答案：C參考解析：Farfromadvancing,thescienceofeconomicshasbeengoingbackwards.作為一門科學(xué)而言，不但沒(méi)有向前發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)一直在倒退，作者擔(dān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)地位會(huì)進(jìn)一步下降。C正確。27

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WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Academicmodelsacceptpropersimplification.B.Realityshouldbeevadedwhendesigningmodels.C.Unrealisticassumptionsshouldbeadoptedinmodels.D.Macroeconomicsconcentratesonoversimplification.正確答案：A參考解析：Granted,justasmapshavetosimplifycomplexterrain,theoreticalmodelsmustignoreaspectsofrealitytobeanyuse.Butthere'salinebetweensimplificationandgrossdistortion,andmodernmaeroeconomicshascrossedit.

作者進(jìn)一步指出當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家身上出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，即偏離現(xiàn)實(shí)。接著作者讓步以地圖為例，認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)理論模型帶有簡(jiǎn)化性無(wú)可厚非，但是過(guò)度簡(jiǎn)化就會(huì)造成扭曲，這也是現(xiàn)代宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)所面臨的問(wèn)題。A正確。28

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Theauthor'sattitudetowardPresidentObama'spolicyis_____A.skepticalB.supportiveC.ambiguousD.sarcastic正確答案：B參考解析：第四段作者以2008年經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)為實(shí)例來(lái)證明當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)模型的失效，即這場(chǎng)危機(jī)無(wú)法以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)模型進(jìn)行解釋，如果奧巴馬政府以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)制定應(yīng)對(duì)政策，則衰退會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重；由原文的虛擬語(yǔ)氣可知，奧巴馬政府事實(shí)上沒(méi)有根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型來(lái)制定政策，而避免了更加嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，所以作者對(duì)奧巴馬的政策應(yīng)該是支持的。故[B]為答案。29

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Oneproblemwiththeleadingacademicjournalsisthat______A.theycontributelimitedimprovementstocurrenteconomictheory.B.theyprefertheoreticalconsistencyratherthanpracticalutility.C.theyprovidenopracticalguidancetocountereconomiccrises.D.theyencourageeconomiststoexpandtheirinterestsbroadly.正確答案：B參考解析：Buttheerroratthecoreofmodernmacroeconomics—thatmathematicalconsistencymattersmorethanempiricalrelevance—prevails.Justglancethroughtheleadingacademicjournals.

現(xiàn)代宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)核心的錯(cuò)誤是普遍存在的，這一點(diǎn)只要瀏覽一下諸多知名的學(xué)術(shù)期刊就能體會(huì)到。即數(shù)學(xué)一致性比實(shí)證經(jīng)驗(yàn)相關(guān)性更重要。B正確。30

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"This"inthelastparagraphrefersto______A.thefadingfeaturesofcurrentmacroeconomicsB.thedecliningstatusofeconomicsasascienceC.thedeficientbreakthroughsinmacroeconomicsD.theadverseeffectoftheoriesinmacroeconomics正確答案：D參考解析：在科學(xué)的每一個(gè)分支，理論研究都是實(shí)現(xiàn)突破的關(guān)鍵，對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)而言，理論研究是阻礙其發(fā)展的，必須改變現(xiàn)行的相關(guān)理論研究。this指代現(xiàn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的缺陷。D正確。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題"Natureisn'tclassical,andifyouwanttomakeasimulationofnature

you'dbettermakeitquantummechanical,andit'sawonderfulproblembecauseitdoesn'tlookeasy."Withthosewords,in1981,RichardFeynmanintroducedtheideathat,byharnessingquantummechanics,itmightbepossibletobuildanewkindofcomputer,capableoftacklingproblemsthatwouldcauseanordinarymachinetochoke.Overthepastfourdecadesquantumcomputershaveslowlyevolvedfromscrawlsontheoreticians'blackboardstosmallmachinesinuniversitylaboratoriestoresearchprojectsrunbysomeoftheworld'sbiggestcompanies.Nowoneofthosemachines,builtbyresearchersatGoogle,hasatlastshownwhatallthefussisabout.Itappearstohaveperformed,injustoverthreeminutes,ataskthattheworld'smostpowerfulclassicalsupercomputerwouldtakearound10,000yearstocomplete.Google'smachineisaspecial-purposedevicethatwasdesignedtosolveacontrivedproblemwithfewpracticaluses.Butthisdisplayofso-called"quantumsupremacy"isnonethelessamilestone.Whatmightquantumcomputingactuallybeusedfor?Thatquestionisobscuredbythepilesofmoneyandhyperbolethatsurroundit.Alongwith5GandAI,itisoneofthetechnologiesthatpresidents,ofbothcountriesandcompanies,lovetocite.Thereisexcitedtalkofarace,andoftherichesandpowerthatawaitthefirsttoseizethe"HolyGrailofcomputing".Despitethebreathlessness,quantumcomputersarenotmagical.Arichbodyoftheoreticalworkprovesthattheywillbepotent,butlimited.Forallthetalkofsupremacy,quantumcomputersarenotsuperiorineveryregardtotheirclassicalcousins.Indeedformanytaskstheywillofferlittleimprovement.Yetforsomeproblems—butonlysome—cleverprogrammersormathematicianscancreatealgorithmsthatexploitthemachines'quantumcapabilities.Inthosespecialcases,quantumcomputersofferhugegains,crunchingtasksthatwouldotherwisetakeyearsormillenniadowntominutesorseconds.Severalofthesealgorithmshavebeendeveloped.Theyofferaglimpseofwherequantumcomputersmightexcel.Inencryption,forexample,aquantummachinecouldquicklyuntanglethecomplexmathsthatunderliesmuchofthescramblingthatprotectsinformationonline.Techfirmsandgovernmentsareinvestigatingnewfoundationsforencryptionthatarenotknowntobesusceptibletoquantumcomputers.Butdeployingthemwillbetheworkofdecades.However,Google'saccomplishmentstronglysuggeststhepromiseofquantumtechnologycanberealizedinpracticeaswellastheory.Anditwilldrawevenmoremoneyandattentiontoared-hotfield.Agreatdealofengineeringworkremainsbeforequantumcomputerscanbeusedforreal-worldtasks.Butthatdayhassuddenlygotcloser.31

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Bysaying"you'dbettermakeitquantummechanical"(Para.1),Feynmanmeansthat________A.quantumtechnologyhadalreadyunderhiscontrolatthattimeB.somemechanicsareneededtobuildaquantumcomputerC.thequantumtheorywasfirstproposedbyhimasatheoreticianD.conventionalcomputershaveadisadvantageinmodelingnature正確答案：D參考解析：RichardFeynmanintroducedtheideathat,byharnessingquantummechanics,itmightbepossibletobuildanewkindofcomputer,capableoftacklingproblemsthatwouldcauseanordinarymachinetochoke.Feynman說(shuō)：自然并不是經(jīng)典的，因此，如果你想要模擬它，就要使其量子化，然后他借用這句話提出了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，利用量子力學(xué)創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)新型的計(jì)算機(jī)，可以解決普通計(jì)算機(jī)難以解決的問(wèn)題，所以故選項(xiàng)D“普通計(jì)算機(jī)模擬自然方面有劣勢(shì)”為答案。32

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TheauthorholdsthatGoogle'squantumsupremacy________A.hasdrawnskepticismfromsomeofitsrivalsB.representsalong-soughtstrideinthisfieldC.isagreatexaggerationinitsannouncementD.needsclosescrutinytoconfirmitsresult正確答案：B參考解析：Google'smachineisaspecial-purposedevicethatwasdesignedtosolveacontrivedproblemwithfewpracticaluses.Butthisdisplayofso-called"quantumsupremacy"isnonethelessamilestone.作者認(rèn)為這種計(jì)算機(jī)是用來(lái)解決特設(shè)好的問(wèn)題的，沒(méi)有什么實(shí)際作用，但是仍然是量子計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展的一個(gè)里程碑，作者對(duì)谷歌的成就是肯定的，故選項(xiàng)B“代表了這一領(lǐng)域長(zhǎng)期探索的進(jìn)展”為答案。33

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TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thattheresearchinquantumcomputing_______A.hasnocleardirectionsforresearcherstotakeB.hasattractedintensecompetitionbetweennationsC.hasinducedlargeamountsofwastefulinvestmentD.isaholypursuittomakeconsiderableadvance正確答案：B參考解析：Alongwith5GandAI,itisoneofthetechnologiesthatpresidents,ofbothcountriesandcompanies,lovetocite.Thereisexcitedtalkofarace,andoftherichesandpowerthatawaitthefirsttoseizethe"HolyGrailofcomputing".

除了5G和人工智能，量子計(jì)算技術(shù)也是各個(gè)國(guó)家總統(tǒng)和各大公司總裁掛在嘴邊的詞語(yǔ)，各個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)于量子技術(shù)關(guān)注度都很高，并相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，故選項(xiàng)B“引起了各國(guó)之間的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”為正確答案。

34

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ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that,withpowerfulquantumcomputers_______.A.allexistingcyber-securitycodesaroundtheworldwillbebrokenB.layingfoundationsforuncrackableencryptionwillbeapriorityC.therivalryforunhackablecommunicationbetweencountrieswillceaseD.thestrategicpotentialofquantumtechnologyshouldberecognized正確答案：B參考解析：aquantummachinecouldquicklyuntanglethecomplexmathsthatunderliesmuchofthescramblingthatprotectsinformationonline.有了功能強(qiáng)大的量子計(jì)算機(jī)，如今大部分的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全加密都可以破解，選項(xiàng)B“為難以破解的加密技術(shù)做準(zhǔn)備將成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急”與此相符，故為答案。35

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Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheAcclaimedApplicationofQuantumTechnologiesB.TheControversyOverQuantumSupremacyC.Google'sAchievementofQuantumTechnologiesD.Google'sQuantumComputerCompetitors正確答案：C參考解析：全文都在圍繞量子技術(shù)，從第一段點(diǎn)題，提出量子技術(shù)可以解決傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)解決不了的問(wèn)題，然后通過(guò)一系列的例子證明，Google'saccomplishmentstronglysuggeststhepromiseofquantumtechnologycanberealizedinpracticeaswellastheory.最后一段總結(jié)量子技術(shù)不僅能在理論上實(shí)現(xiàn)，也能在實(shí)踐中應(yīng)用。故選項(xiàng)C“谷歌的量子技術(shù)成就”作為標(biāo)題最為合適。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-40題MattHancock,thenewhealthandsocialcaresecretary,isrightthattechnologyhasgreatpotentialtoimprovethequalityofourhealthcare—andsavemoneyintothebargain.Butitwon'tbeapanacea,anditraisesanumberofissuesoursocietymustdealwithnow.AIposesclearethicalchallenges.Untilrecently,patientswouldgotoadoctor,explaintheirsymptomsandthedoctorwouldattempttoprovideadiagnosis.Butincreasingly,patientsnowarrivehavingdonetheirresearchonline,allsettosuggestonadiagnosis,towhichthemedichastorespond.Doctorstellthatthisgameofcatch-upandpartialrole-reversalisalreadyskewingtherelationshipoftrust.Inadditiontothis,wenowhavealgorithm-baseddiagnostics.Thismeansmedicalknowledgeisnolongerbasedonwhatthedoctorthemselveshasstudiedandlearned.Algorithmscansupportdecision-makingbymedicalprofessionals,andoftenoutperformthedoctor.Weareseeingthiswithcancerdetection,andotherfieldswherecloseobservationofthepatientdatacancreatemuchmorepreciseandpersonalisedmedicine,andprovideearlierdiagnosis.Theanalysisofanindividual'stouchstrokesontheirmobilephonecouldshowupParkinson'sbecausetheirtextingspeeddecreasesovertime.Aswestarttoseethesepossibilitiesasfantasticratherthanfantastical,wemustalsobeawareofunintendedconsequences.Whatimpactwoulddoctorsincreasinglycomingtorelyonalgorithmshaveonthebodyofmedicalknowledge?Andhowdowemitigatetheriskthatalgorithmsmaynotbesufficientlysensitivetoeverythinggoingoninapatient'slife?Forexample,apatientwithahighlevelofanxietyandstressmaysufferanimpactthatnomachineisabletocapture.Algorithmswillalsohavetobeassessedtoensuretheyarenotbiasedagainstcertaingroups,especiallyastheymakedecisionswhichmayhaveverylong-lastingconsequencesonindividuals.TherearelotsofchallengesaheadforAI.Thetrickiestisgettingtheethicsright.Machinesaremachinesandwemustnothumanisethem.Whenwebringthemin,itmustbetoenhanceourhumanity—andthiscanonlybedoneifbothpatientsanddoctorsareengagedtohelpshapethefutureofmedicine.36

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ItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatA.technologyisnotaremedyforalldifficulties.B.MattHancockisarenownedtechenthusiast.C.technologyraisesmanydifficultproblems.D.MattHancockholdstechnologyisall-powerful.正確答案：A參考解析：A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)定位詞定位到第一段。該段首句指出科技可以提高醫(yī)療質(zhì)量、節(jié)約資金；第二句轉(zhuǎn)折指出科技會(huì)引發(fā)許多問(wèn)題，因此科技并非萬(wàn)能藥，A項(xiàng)符合文意，故A項(xiàng)正確。37

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TheobviousethicalchallengebroughtbyAIisA.complicatingtheworkofdoctors.B.reversingtheroleofdoctorandpatient.C.disbelievingwhatthedoctorhaslearned.D.distortingdoctor-patientrelationshipoftrust.正確答案：D參考解析：該段首句總述人工智能帶來(lái)了明顯的倫理挑戰(zhàn)。第二、三句通過(guò)就診方式的變化，說(shuō)明科技導(dǎo)致醫(yī)患信任扭曲，即人工智能帶來(lái)的倫理挑戰(zhàn)是扭曲醫(yī)患之間的信任關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)符合文意，故D項(xiàng)正確。38

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Theanalysisofanindividual'stouchstrokesiscitedtopresentA.acontrastingcase.B.arelatedtopic.C.asupportingexample.D.abackgroundstory.正確答案：C參考解析：根據(jù)定位詞定位到第三段。該段首句指出，基于算法的診斷可能做得比醫(yī)生更出色。第二、三句舉例說(shuō)明基于算法的診斷優(yōu)勢(shì)所在。第三句指出，對(duì)一個(gè)人在手機(jī)上的觸屏打字進(jìn)行分析，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)帕金森癥，因?yàn)榕两鹕颊甙l(fā)短信的速度會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而降低。由此可知，這是對(duì)首句的一個(gè)正面例證，C項(xiàng)符合文意，故C項(xiàng)正確。39

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Theauthor'sattitudetowardalgorithmscanbesaidtobeA.cautious.B.tolerant.C.biased.D.supportive.正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)定位詞以及出題順序定位到第四段。首句指出，我們也必須意識(shí)到一些意外的后果；接著是兩個(gè)疑問(wèn)句，提出對(duì)醫(yī)生過(guò)度依賴人工智能所產(chǎn)生的后果及人工智能無(wú)法了解患者生活中的一切而帶來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的質(zhì)疑，都表明了作者對(duì)算法的使用持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，A項(xiàng)符合文意，故A項(xiàng)正確。40

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FacingmanychallengesbroughtbyAI,A.doctorsandpatientsshouldworktogether.B.ethicalissuesshouldbeaddressedfirst.C.machinesshouldbeendowedwithhumanity.D.doctorsshouldlearntoenrichthemselves.正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)定位詞定位到最后一段。首句指出，人工智能面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)。最后一句指出，當(dāng)我們將其帶人(醫(yī)療行業(yè))時(shí)，其作用必須是增強(qiáng)我們?nèi)祟惖哪芰?-只有當(dāng)患者和醫(yī)生都參與進(jìn)來(lái)(thiscanonlybedoneifbothpatientsanddoctorsaleengagedto)，幫助塑造醫(yī)學(xué)的未來(lái)，才能做到這一點(diǎn)。據(jù)此結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，A項(xiàng)符合文意，故A項(xiàng)正確。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答41-45題A．AtKibale,largegroupsofchimpsrangetogether,andaggressionescalatesaccordingly.Wranghamobservedasthesebiggerpartiesofmalesgotexcitedandwentouton"patrol"inwhatlookedlikeanorganizedway：Theywalkedalongtheirterritorialborder,attackinglonechimpsfromneighboringcommunitieswhentheycameacrossthemenroute.Inhis1996book,DemonicMales,co-authoredwithDalePeterson,Wranghamrecappedthisandotherevidencetodrawadireportraitofhumanityasinherentlyviolentbyevolutionarylegacy.HerewasvividsupportforaHobbesianviewofhumannature,rootedingenetics.B．Wrangham,whoteachesbiologicalanthropologyatHarvard,wasinasenseworkingtowardthislatestventureinhistwopreviousbooks,whichexploretheopposingpolesofbehavior.Rnownedforhismeticulousfieldwork,especiallywithchimpsinUganda'sKibaleNationalPark,Wranghamshowedjusthowcommonchimpbrutalityis.JaneGoodall,oneofthescientistwhohavebeenfollowingmonkeys,apes,andothercreaturesintheirhabitats,hadacknowledgedwithfrankregretthatherbelovedchimpanzeescouldbequiteviolent.Onemotheranddaughterkilledtheinfantsofotherfemalesintheirgroup.Malesoftencoercedandbeatfemales,andwouldsometimesgangupandattackachimpfromanothergroup.C．Wranghamdrawsonthistroveofmaterialashepursuesyetanotherambitioushypothesis："Reducedreactiveaggressionmustfeaturealongsideintelligence,cooperatio