英語四級選詞填空高頻詞匯與技巧

英語四級選詞填空高頻詞匯與技巧英語四級選詞填空高頻詞匯與技巧英語四級選詞填空高頻詞匯與技巧xxx公司英語四級選詞填空高頻詞匯與技巧文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度確定空白處詞性以下情況，空白處為動詞：1n./pron.vt.n./pron.前有名后有名，中間謂動2n./pron.vi.前名后無名，謂動不及物3n./pron.vi.adv./prep.前名后介副，謂動不及物4n./pron.linkv./beadj.前名后形容，be動或系動5tov.前有to，后原型注意：確定空白處為動詞，還需根據上下文確定正確形式以下情況，空白處為分詞：過去分詞：1has/have/hadp.p(完成時態(tài))2bep.p(被動語態(tài))3p.pn.或n.p.p(過去分詞做形容詞，表示被動或已發(fā)生)現在分詞：1be-ing(進行時態(tài))2-ingn.或n.-ing(現在分詞做形容詞，表示主動或正在進行)3prep.–ing(介詞賓語)以下情況，空白處為名詞：(名詞通常做主語或動詞介詞賓語)1a/then.前有冠詞2n.V.空白后為謂語動詞3prep.n.空白前為介詞，則空白處為名詞或動名詞(注意：根據空白處前的冠詞和上下文判斷所填名詞的單復數;根據空白處后的謂語動詞的形式判斷所填名詞的單復數)以下情況，空白處為形容詞：1adj.n.n.adj.空白前后是名詞2adv.adj.空白前是副詞3linkv./beadj.be動或系動后考慮形容詞做表語以下情況，空白處為副詞：1adv.v.或v.adv.副詞修飾動詞，表示程度狀態(tài)2adv.adj.副詞可修飾形容詞3adv.從句，有些副詞做句子的狀語，表示轉折因果等邏輯關系確定考點需要積極意義還是消極意義，繼而縮小選擇范圍，節(jié)省大量時間。Sample:Theclassroom(offers)opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith_______,peacefulones.(根據語法判斷此處為形容詞，與peaceful有一樣具有積極意義，與前文的angry,violent詞義色彩相反，那么comprehensive,cooperative,entire應選擇cooperative)介詞后一定是名詞或動名詞做賓語.注意to(介詞&動詞不定式)to的短語接動名詞:abandononeselfto(沉溺于),adhereto(堅持),stickto(堅持，信守),clingto(堅持，忠于),admitto(承認),confessto(承認),contributeto(做貢獻),feelupto(感覺能勝任),getdownto(開始著手做),giveone’smindto(專心),givewayto(讓步),yieldto(屈服),leadto(導致),lookforwardto(渴望),objectto(反對),taketo(開始從事，喜歡),turnto(求助),succumbto(屈服),seeto(照顧，料理),getusedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,becommittedto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,beopposedto,bereducedto,besubjectto(受支配的，常遭受),submitto(順從，屈服)利用不定冠詞(a/an)判斷考點是否為元音開頭，縮小選擇范圍Sample:Husbandandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a____thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.(scale,potential,gap,extreme,purchase,situation)充分利用詞庫中的近義詞或反義詞(若詞庫中出現一對近義或反義詞，其中一個必定是干擾項.反義詞考查學生對文章語境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考點單詞是積極還是消極意義，就不難排除.近義詞考查考生對詞匯搭配用法的掌握，需要學生牢記近義詞的各種用法及搭配。)Sample：A)gravelyB)respectC)limitedD)specializeE)seriouslyF)promotingG)involvesH)relievedI)significantJ)magnificentK)rangeL)issuesM)resultN)determiningO)complicatedToday,wetakepain______.(此處應用副詞做狀語，考查近義詞辨析.Takesth.seriously為固定搭配)注意一詞多性：詞庫中的詞有的既是名詞又是動詞，有些分詞也可以充當形容詞，確定空白處所需單詞詞性后要全面考慮詞庫中的單詞詞性，不能遺漏。(respect,result,range)EINinoisthenamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthepacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds(信風),whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5℃(degreescentigrade).Thewarningoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid(潮濕的)airovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.IntheWestPacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.EINinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83EINinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.The1990EINinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists54thistobethelongestEINinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanEINinowill55,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.其選項如下：A)estimate;B)strength;C)deliberately;D)notify;E)tropical;F)phenomenon;G)stable;H)attraction;I)completely;J)destructive;K)starvation;L)bringing;M)exhaustion;N)worth;O)strike解題方法一、辨析詞性把十五個選項按詞性分別歸入名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等類別?？v觀樣題和真題，我們知道15個詞匯都屬于最重要的四類實詞。我們要學會每種詞匯的基本搭配和基本用法。辨性要注意下面幾點。1.遇到動詞進行二次分類：確定時態(tài)，確定是第三人稱單數還是非第三人稱單數;但應注意動詞+ed型的有兩種可能性，動詞或形容詞;遇到名詞要確定單數還是復數。2.不認識的單詞，看后綴。構詞法中，前綴表明意思，后綴表明詞性。所以看一個詞的后綴，往往能大致分出詞性。3.詞性一時無法確定的，暫時擱置，不必糾纏，影響全局。4.作出相應的標記?？芍苯佑米约鹤钋宄姆柷宄嗽诿總€詞前后。不清楚的都標問號。以真題為例辨詞性A)estimate;B)strength;C)deliberately;D)notify;E)tropical;F)phenomenon;G)stable;H)attraction;I)completely;J)destructive;K)starvation;L)bringing;M)exhaustion;N)worth;O)Strike名詞：B,F,H,K,M(B的后綴th,H、K、M的tion都是名詞后綴)謂語動詞：A,D,O(A的-ate極可能是動詞，D的-fy為動詞后綴)非謂語動詞：L(-ing結尾)形容詞：E,G,J(E的-cal,G的able,J的tive是形容詞后綴)副詞：C和I(ly加在形容詞后為副詞后綴)注意：即使從沒見過，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，詞的性質有時比詞義還重要。詞的性質并不總是固定的，有些不認識的或無法確定的，如N)worth(adj./n.)，可先擱置，不要過度糾纏。綜合解題將選項分類之后，就得從文章中來尋找對應的線索了。選項與文章匹配的因素有兩個，第一是詞性，第二是詞義。所以在讀文章時，要通過各種手段來確定空格的詞性與意義。(一)確定詞性，確定選項的選擇范圍1)關于動詞的判斷前后都是名詞短語，中間是動詞。根據一句(包括從句)有且只有一個謂動的原則，其它地方如無謂語動詞，則需要謂語動詞;反之則不需要謂語動詞。Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanElNinowill55,but.(will后面必然是原形動詞，一起構成謂語)55.OstrikeScientists54thistobethelongestElNinofor2,000years.(此句后只有一個tobe，是非謂語動詞，故空格必為謂語動詞;且空格前后均為名詞性，也基本確定它是動詞。)54.Aestimate一個完整的句子之后再跟逗號，后面一般是非謂語動詞短語。TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.(前面是一個完整的句子，逗號后跟的，一般是非謂語動詞短語。此題選項中非謂語動詞只有一個，故直選之。)50.Lbringing2)其它詞的判斷形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞(the,this,that,a,my之類)后必有名詞Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.47.FphenomenonThehot,humid(潮濕的)airovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.49.EtropicalElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.(前面是最高級的修飾語，自然是形容詞。)52.Jdestructive副詞修飾形容詞或動詞…,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.(修飾形容詞sure,當為副詞)56.Icompletely謂語動詞前有名詞主語Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.(happens是謂語動詞，也可知前面為名詞短語，缺一個核心名詞。)47.Fphenomenon介詞后面必有名詞Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.(在介詞in的后面，當為名詞無疑，此處整個短語來修飾lessen減少，當為在某個方面減少。)48.Bstrength(二)句里句外，猜測詞義一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾詞直接的搭配關系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰修飾，與誰形成主謂賓關系?？匆环N關系不行就看另一個，靈活處之。Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.strange修飾47，也許看不出來是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么最好的當然是現象。47.Fphenomenon二看邏輯：1.句內(狀語從句，解釋，并列等)Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.此句有一個狀語從句，as表示的時間或因果關系，是重要的解題線索。風的什么減少，溫度就上升，當然是風的速度或風力。48.BstrengthSowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.空格與前面兩個名詞并列，意味著意思相近。與干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易選出starvation饑荒.51.Kstarvation2.前文(指代等、句間連詞)Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過的某個東西。前面講到過的核心概念就是ElNino,無疑是一種天氣“現象”。47.Fphenomenon表示可從前文找相應線索的有兩類。與this一大類的還有：This/these/such;thesame/similar;worse/better/more/less等。還有就是表示邏輯關系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。遞進：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/inaddition/even/also轉折：however/but/rather/instead因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence3.后文ElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.段落開始部分，提出一個總的概括性的說法。往往在下文有分述。ElNino究竟帶來的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52.Jdestructive(dead,damage)三看習慣用法：固定搭配Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.53.Nworth此處考的是worth這個詞的特殊用法。它本是一個形容詞，但可用…worthofsth,來表明價值某物的某東西。e.g.Thefirecausedthousandsofpounds'worthofdamage.America'smostfamouswomanistheGoddessofLiberty,i.e.theStatueofLiberty.Itwasfirstthoughtofin1865byEdouarddeLaboulayeanddesignedbyanotherFrenchman,FredericBartoldi.Theywantedto11libertyandfriendship.Itwashopedthatthemonumentwouldbecompletedby1876whenAmerica12itscentennial.Fundraisingandthe13ofthestatueinFrancewentslowly.Itwas1885whenthe214cratescontainingthestatuereachedNewYork.Americanswereinitially14fortheyhadnotraisedthemoneytopayfortheerectionofthebase.Fundraisingbypopularsubscriptionwasbehind15.OnefundraisingmethodusedwastohavepopularAmericanswriteletterswhichwerethensoldinpublic.Thebaseandstatue,16272feettall,werecompletedin1886.Froma17standpoint,thestatueisamarvel.TheinnerstructurewasdesignedbytheFrenchengineer,AlexandreEiffel.Hisdesignforthestressedcopperskinofthestatueanticipatedmanyofthe18utilizedinmodernaircraft.Afteracentury,themonumentbegantoshowsignsofgettingworsein19.JustasFrenchmenhadcreatedtheStatue,soitwaswithrestoration.AFrenchmannotedthedecayandFrenchandAmericancraftsmenandcontributionsbroughtabouttherenewaloftheStatueintimeforitscentennial.Libertyisstill20inFranceandtheUnitedStates.A.completelyB.measuresC.popularD.togetherE.honorF.manufactureG.scheduleH.rewardI.celebratedJ.principlesK.embarrassedL.technicalM.voluntaryNconditions0.discouraged答案：11.E12.I13.F14.K15.G16.D17.L18.JTheLouisianaPurchaseOnApril30,1803,theareaoftheUnitedStatesapproximatelydoubled.Untilthattime,UnitedStatesterritoryhadextendedfromtheAtlanticOceantothebanksoftheMississippiandfromtheGreatLakesandtheSt.LawrenceRivertothethirty-firstparallel.ThenationallandnowwasexpandedwestwardtoincludepracticallyalloftheareabetweentheMississippiRiverandtheRockyMountainsandbetweentheGulfofMexicoandtheCanadianborder.Onthatday,forfifteenmilliondollars,theUnitedStatespurchasedfromFrance875,000squaremilesofterritory.AfterRobertR.Livingston,anAmericanwhorepresentedPresidentJeffersoninFrance,signedhisnametothetreaty,herose,shookhandswithJamesMonroeandMarbois,theFrenchmanrepresentingNapoleonandremarked,"Wehavelivedlong,butthisisthenoblestworkofourlives."Asweglancebackwarduponthisimportanteventinhistory,wemustagreethatthesigningofthetreatyforthepurchaseofLouisianawasprobablythemostimportanteventinThomasJefferson'sadministration.Withouttheacquisitionofthisterritory,theUnitedStateswouldmostprobablyhavenotdevelopedintothepowerfulnationwhichitistoday.WhatCausesLedtoPurchaseoftheLouisianaTerritoryUntil1763,LouisianahadbeenapossessionofFrance,butinthatyearitwasgiventoSpaintorepayanolddebt.TwentyyearslaterinParis,thetreatyendingtheAmericanRevolutionwassignedbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.OneofthetermsofthistreatywasthatthewesternborderoftheUnitedStateswastostretchtotheMississippiRiver.ImmediatelysettlersandpioneerscrossedwestwardovertheAlleghenyMountainstocleartheterritoryandestablishfarms.Sinceroadswerescarceanddifficulttotravel,theproductsofthesefarmershadtobeshippedonthewaterwaysleadingtotheMississippiRiverandthendownthisgreatstreamtoNewOrleans.Atthisportcity,theproducewastransferredtolargerocean-goingvesselsandtransportedtomarketsontheEasternSeaboardortoEurope.However,Spain'sownershipofbothshoresoftheriverforatleasttwohundredmilesnorthofNewOrleanspermittedthisforeignnationtocontrolthetrademovingontheMississippi.Asamonarchy(君主政體)，theSpanishgovernmentdistrustedtherisingspiritofdemocracyintheUnitedStates,especiallythemuchfreerexpressionofdemocracythatexistedamongthewesternfarmers.ThisdistrustofdemocracyresultedinthedesireoftheSpanishtodenytheuseofthegreatrivertoanyAmericans.Thereactionwasinstantaneous(瞬間的)andfurious,westernfarmersraisedtheirvoicestoprotestandtheUnitedstatessentJohnJaytoMadridtodiscussthismatter.In1795thisconflictwassettled.SpainconsentedtoallowcitizensoftheUnitedStatestherighttousethelowerMississippiRiverandalsothe"rightofdeposit"atNewOrleans,therightofdepositpermittedAmericanfarmers,withoutadutycharge,toremovetheirproductsfromsmallerboatsatNewOrleansafterhavingnavigateddowntheMississippi,andthentotransfertheagriculturalcommoditiestolargerocean-goingvessels.Forthesucceedingfiveyearsthisagreementwasobservedandlittleconflictexisted.OnOctober1,1800,however,SpainsignedatreatygivingtheownershipoftheLouisianaterritorybacktoFrance.ThenewsofthistreatydidnotreachJeffersonuntilMayofthefollowingyear.Assoonashebecameawareofthechangeinownershipoftheterritory,JeffersonrealizedthatthiswaspartofaplanbywhichNapoleonhopedtoestablishFranceasagreatpowerintheNewWorld.AlthoughNapoleonstillpermittedSpaintoremainincontroloftheportofNewOrleans,thefuturethreattothenavigationrightsofthewesternfarmersstillremained.Atanymoment,Napoleonmightsendtroopstothe"Gateway"andforbidAmericanstouseitfornavigation.ThiswouldaffectalmostfortypercentofthetotalexporttradeoftheUnitedStates.ByApril1802Jefferson'sconcernsinthismatterbecameevenmoreintense.NapoleonhadshippedarmedforcestoSantoDomingotosuppresstheuprising.Oncethishadbeenaccomplished,thetroopswereunderorderstotakepossessionofLouisianawithitskeyportcityofNewOrleans.OntheeighteenthofthatmonththePresidentwrotehisnow-famouslettertotheAmericanMinistertoFrance,RobertR.Livingston.Thereisoneplaceontheglobe,onesinglespot,thepossessorofwhichisournaturalandhabitualenemy.ItisNewOrleansthroughwhichtheproduceofthreeeighthsofourterritorymustpasstomarket...itsealstheunionoftwonationswhoinconjunctioncanmaintainexclusivepossessionoftheocean.FromthatmomentwemustmarryourselvestotheBritishfleetandnation.SevenmonthslaterJeffersonlearnedthattheSpanishofficialsatNewOrleanshadsuspended(暫不實行)therightofdeposit.Immediatelywesternfarmersprotested.Manydemandedimmediateaction.Otherspressedforadeclarationofwar.TheFederalistsintheEastwhoopposedJeffersonsidedwiththosewhowishedtodeclarewar,inordertosplittheranksofhisfollowers.InJanuary1803,Congressappropriatedtwomilliondollars"todefray(支付)expensestohelpimproverelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandforeignnations."JeffersonaskedJamesMonroetosailforFrancetoresolvethedifficulty.MonroewasinstructedtonegotiateforthepurchaseofNewOrleansandFlorida.Hewaspermittedtooffer50,000,000francsforthisconcessionofterritory.Ifthisofferwererefused,thenanalternativeofferof37,500,000francswastobemadeforNewOrleansalone.AthirdalternativetobeusedinthenegotiationwastoinsistuponthepermanentrightofdepositatNewOrleansandnavigationalongthelowerMississippi.IfallthreeofferswererejectedbyNapoleon,MonroeandLivingstonwereinstructedtonegotiateanalliancewiththeBritishGovernment"nottomakeanypeacewithFrance."WhyNapoleonSoldLouisianaEventsfavoredtheUnitedStates.Napoleonhadtransported35,000troopstowipeouttherebellioninSantoDomingo,butyellowfeverandtherebelsdidawaywithmostoftheFrenchtroops.WiththisdisasterNapoleon'svisionsofexpandinginthemainlandatNewOrleansvanished.HealsorecognizedheinevitabilityofaconflictwithGreatBritain.HowcouldhehopetokeepLouisiana,thousandsofmilesawayacrosstheAtlantic,aslongasBritainwas"EmpressoftheSeas"TherevenuethatthesaleofLouisianawouldbring