人大在職碩專業(yè)英語考試

選擇題（每題1分，共10分）Categoricaldatacanbefurtherdividedintonominaland___data.A.quantitativeB.scaleC.qualitativeD.ordinalForasamplewiththedata{10,8,20,25,12},thesamplemeanisTOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.14B.15C.16D.17LetXbeBinomial(4,,thenP(X=0)isA.1/8B.1/4C.1/16D.1/2Whichnumberisthesquareofsomeinteger?A.6B.7C.8D.9TherangeforthePearsoncorrelationcoefficientisA.[0,1]B.[-1,1]C.(-1,1)D.[-1,0]WhichofthefollowingisNOTusedtoameasureofcentraltendency?A.meanB.medianC.modeD.varianceWhichofthefollowingisamethodofstatisticalinference?A.meanB.frequencytableC.box-plotD.t-testLetX,Ybethetworandomvariable,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.E(X-Y)=EX-EYB.E(XY)=EXEYC.E(X/Y)=EX/EYD.Var(X+Y)=Var(X)+Var(Y)Whatdoestheabbreviation.standsfor?A.thatisC.forexampleC.suchthatD.becausedoestheabbreviation.standsfor?A.thatisC.forexampleC.suchthatD.because將下面的統(tǒng)計(jì)術(shù)語翻譯成中文或者英文（每題1分，共20分）1.描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)點(diǎn)估計(jì)3.正態(tài)分布4.最大似然估計(jì)5.總體6.假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)7.實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)8.方差分析9.中心極限定理10.大數(shù)定律11.Probability12.Statistics13.Unbiasedestimate14.Multipleregression15.Bernoullidistribution16.Timeseries17.Multicollinearity18.Densityfunction19.Histogram20.Randomvariable三．將下面的句子翻譯成英文（每題4分，共20分）統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是一門收集，整理，分析和解釋數(shù)據(jù)的學(xué)科Xj,X2…Xn是一列獨(dú)立同分布的隨機(jī)變量。12n二項(xiàng)分布B（n,p啲數(shù)學(xué)期望是np,方差是np（1-p）.因?yàn)閜值小于，因此我們拒絕原假設(shè)。變量分為定量變量和定性變量。四．將下面的段落翻譯成中文（每題5分,共20分）Theregressionmodelsofstandardlinearregressionrequireacontinuousresponsevariable.Inthissection,weconsidermodelswithacategoricalresponse.Therearemanytypesofthesemodels,andwefirstconsiderlogisticregressionmodels.Thesimplelogisticregressionmodelisawaytomodeltheprobabilityofasuccess,asafunctionofthecontinuouspredictorx.Bothempiricalprocessesandsemiparametricinferencetechniqueshavebecomeincreasinglyimportanttoolsforsolvingstatisticalestimationandinferenceproblems.Thesetoolsareparticularlyimportantwhenthestatisticalmodelforthedataathandissemiparametric,inthatithasoneormoreunknowncomponentwhichisafunction,measureorsomeotherinfinitedimensionalquantity.Semiparametricmodelsalsotypicallyhaveoneormorefinite-dimensionalEuclideanparametersofparticularinterest.Thebasicideaofnonparametricinferenceistousedatatoinferanunknownquantitywhilemakingasfewassumptionsaspossible.Usually,thismeansusingstatisticalmodelsthatareinfinite-dimensional.Indeed,abetternamefornonparametricinferencemightbeinfinite-dimensionalinference.Dataminingisacomplexandautomatedprocess,whichfacesmanyrisks,likethefactthatdata-setsmaybeaffectedbyerror,thepossibilityofselectionbiasandnon-independentobservations.Thus,successfuldataminingneedstofollowallthenecessarystepstoprovidemeaningfulsolutions.五.寫作（30分）1.談?wù)勀銓?duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)，例如什么是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的方法或者統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的應(yīng)用。（不少于100個(gè)英文詞）統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)研究與現(xiàn)代生活中的體現(xiàn)。來自于理性主義的科學(xué)理論（無論是自然科學(xué)還是社會(huì)科學(xué)）如果不通過現(xiàn)實(shí)中的數(shù)據(jù)加以檢驗(yàn)，就無法成為真正值得信賴的結(jié)論。同時(shí)，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)理論本身也成為了一門科學(xué)，在更有效更合理地利用數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生了越來越多的理性成果。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)還與各類其他學(xué)科高度緊密結(jié)合成為新的分支學(xué)科。以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)為例，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)結(jié)合成為計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，該分支高度關(guān)注因果推斷與實(shí)證分析，較少關(guān)注預(yù)測(cè)。Statisticsistheembodimentofempiricisminmodernscientificresearchandmodernlife.Thescientifictheoryfromrationalism（whethernaturalscienceorsocialscience）cannotbetrulytrustworthyifitisnottestedthroughrealdata.Atthesametime,thetheoryofstatisticsitselfhasbecomeascience,andmoreandmorerationalresultshavebeenproducedinthepracticeofusingdatamoreeffectivelyandrationally.Statisticshasalsobeencloselyintegratedwithotherdisciplinestobecomeanewbranch.Takeeconomicsasanexample,statisticsandeconomicscombinetobecomeeconometrics.Thisbranchpayscloseattentiontocausalinferenceandempiricalanalysis,andpayslittleattentiontoprediction.以生活中的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)為題，描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)在日常生活中的應(yīng)用。（不少于150個(gè)英文詞）在日常生活中，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)在兩方面得到應(yīng)用，一方面是統(tǒng)計(jì)思維的訓(xùn)練讓人們看待問題更加細(xì)致、全面；另一方面是一些基本的模型分析可以讓生活決策更為理性。首先談第一個(gè)方面。人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪锌磫栴}容易簡(jiǎn)單地只考察均值與簡(jiǎn)單相關(guān)關(guān)系。統(tǒng)計(jì)思維告訴我們，對(duì)于高度非對(duì)稱的數(shù)據(jù)，單純使用均值并不能很好地描述數(shù)據(jù)分析。另外，單純考慮兩變量的相關(guān)關(guān)系但不考察這個(gè)關(guān)系是否顯著，也會(huì)將生活決策帶入誤區(qū)。關(guān)于第二個(gè)方面，一些簡(jiǎn)單的模型如線性回歸、logistic回歸等在計(jì)算機(jī)上操作十分便捷快速?？梢苑治鲆恍┖?jiǎn)單的問題如日常用品價(jià)格的變化、街上擁堵度的影響因素等。生活中能夠應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的地方無處不在。Inthedailylife,statisticsareappliedintwoaspects.Ontheonehand,thetrainingofstatisticalthinkingmakespeoplelookattheproblemmorecarefullyandcomprehensively;ontheotherhand,somebasicmodelanalysiscanmakethelifedecisionmorerational.Firstofall.Peopleseeproblemsindailylifesimplyandsimplyexaminetherelationshipbetweenmeanandsimple.Statisticalthinkingtellsusthatforhighlyasymmetricdata,simplyusingmeandoesnotwelldescribedataanalysis.Inaddition,consideringtherelationshipbetweenthetwovariablesalone,whethertherelationshipissignificantornotwillleadtomisunderstandinginlifedecisions.Onthesecondaspe