中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)

中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)一、考點(diǎn)分析對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提問(wèn)的回答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定形式的意義區(qū)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法差異二、專(zhuān)題詳解一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加-s。4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞，等形式。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等,另外，haveto、hadbetter也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面必須加動(dòng)詞的原形。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)1、只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must,can(could),may(might) 2、可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need,dare3、具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征：have(had,has)to,usedto,oughtto4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)：must,can,could,may,might注：mustn't代表強(qiáng)烈禁止must表示主觀(guān)，haveto表示客觀(guān)二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法must必須、一定can能夠、可能shall應(yīng)該、將要need需要、必要could能夠、可能should應(yīng)該haveto不得不may許可、可以will決心、將要oughtto應(yīng)該might許可、可以would愿意知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句的回答對(duì)may引出的問(wèn)句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,youmay./Yes,ofcourse./Yes,certainly./Sure.No,youmustn,t./No,youcan,t.對(duì)must引出的疑問(wèn)句，回答方式為：Yes,...must.No,…needn,t./No,…don'thaveto./No,…don'tneedto.Could在疑問(wèn)句中，表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。如:Couldyoudomeafavour?你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？一CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎？一Yes,youcan可以(注意回答)Wouldyou…的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon't.)Sure.(I,msorry,Ican't.)Allright/OK/Withpleasure.Certainly.(No,thankyou.)Yes,please.shall引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱(chēng)，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或客氣的請(qǐng)求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes,please.Allright.No,thankyou.典型例題一WouldyoudomeafavourandpassonmythankstoLily?A.That,srightB.WithpleasureC.Itdoesn,tmatterD.Notrouble-MustIreturnthemagazinetoyourightnow,Sandy?--No,you.YoumaykeepituntilnextWednesday.Aneedn,tBcan,t Cmust DmayCanyouspeaklouder,please?Ihearyouclearly.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.can't---Mustwefinishtheposterinclass?---No,you .Youcanfinishitafterclass.（2012普陀二模）A.Mustn,tB.needn,t C.shouldn,tD.can't1A.意為“對(duì)了”，B.意為“樂(lè)意效勞”,C.意為“沒(méi)關(guān)系”D.意為“不費(fèi)事”。答案：B2A3D4B知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義差異（比較）can,t①can't可譯為“不會(huì)”，如：Ican7tplaybasketball.我不會(huì)打籃球。②當(dāng)句子表推測(cè)時(shí)，否定句和疑問(wèn)句中用can/could，肯定句中用mustHecan7tbeill.HeisplayingchesswithTom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。Isawherjustnow.Shemustbeintheoffice.我剛才看到她了。她一定在辦公室③canl還可用來(lái)回答“MayI…？”這樣的問(wèn)句。MayIcomein?我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？No,youmustnt/cant不，你不能。④canl還可用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中。canlhelpdoing禁不住，情不自禁can'twaittodosomething迫不及待地要做…>Shecan,thelpcrying,她不禁大哭起來(lái)。may的否定式為maynot,譯成“可能不"，>Hemaynotbeathome.他也許不在家。mustn’t①mustn’t表示不許，不可。Hemustn,tleavehisroom,他不許離開(kāi)他的房間。Youmustn,ttalkinclass,你們不可以在課上說(shuō)話(huà)。②mustn,t也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。—MayIstandhere?我可以站在這里嗎？—No,youmustn,t（can't）.不，不行。needn't①needn't意為“不必”。Youneedn,tmeethimunlessyou,dliketo,你不需要見(jiàn)他，除非你愿意。②needn't+have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，表“不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作”，暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪費(fèi)。Youneedn'thaveboughtit你沒(méi)必要買(mǎi)它（但你卻買(mǎi)了）。need和dare（need為考試的重難點(diǎn)）★★這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，兩者都只能用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句和條件句。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to,而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后面的to時(shí)?？梢员皇÷?。1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞侈用于肯定句）：need（需要，要求）needtodosth/need+n.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（多用于否定句&疑問(wèn)句）：need，只用原形need后加do,否定形式為neednot。>Needyougoyet?你要走了嗎？Yes,Imust./No,I.?皿上是的，我要走了/不，不急著走。needn,thavedone和didn,tneedtodo區(qū)別：Wedidn'tneedtogo.我們沒(méi)有必要去。（所以也就沒(méi)有去）Weneedn'thavegone.（其實(shí)）我們是沒(méi)有必要去的。（但事實(shí)上已去過(guò)了）Maryneednothavedoneit.瑪麗本來(lái)不必去做那件事。（言外之意是：她已經(jīng)做了）needn,thavedone,表示“已做了原來(lái)無(wú)需做的行為”之意。shouldhavedone:表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè)，意思是“本來(lái)能夠做某事而沒(méi)有做”含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.湯姆，你太懶惰了,這項(xiàng)工作本來(lái)應(yīng)該昨天就做完的.shouldn,t表示不應(yīng)該。>Youshouldn’tfeelsounhappyoversuchlittlethings.對(duì)于這種小事，你不應(yīng)該感到這么不高興。典型例題Youbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn,tB.can,tC.mustn,tD.needn'tChristyhasbeeninChinafortwoyears,butshestillspeakChinese.A.needn't B.can't C.mustn't D.shouldn'tTom,youmustn'tplaywithfire.Youhurtyourselfifyoudon'tstop.A.may B.can C.should D.needtoYouwashyourcaratthemoment.It,sgoingtorain.A.needn,t B.mustn,t C.shouldn,t D.can,tCanyouspeaklouder,please?Ihearyouclearly.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.can'tKeys:1B。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的肯定推測(cè)，常用mustbe來(lái)表示，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的否定推測(cè)，常

用can’tbe來(lái)表示。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法差異(比較)態(tài)動(dòng)詞初中英語(yǔ)里的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法主要是如圖所示的六個(gè)。我們把他們按照預(yù)期和推測(cè)可能性從弱到強(qiáng)做了排列。這樣就一目了然！態(tài)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的推測(cè)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”。肯定的推測(cè)一般用must，should，may(might)或can(could)，其中，must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。意為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”；should的語(yǔ)氣次之，意為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測(cè)；may(migt)，can(could)的語(yǔ)氣最弱，意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“也許”、“可能”。否定推測(cè)|分為兩種情況:語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用may/might/couldnot,意為“可能不”、“也許不”;否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用can七意為“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩?！纠}】.Youbetiredafterworkingforeighthourswithoutarest.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need.—Lookattheboyrunningontheground.IsitDavis?—Itbehim.Isawhimgototheteacher'sofficejustnow.A.mustB.can'tC.couldD.might答案：CB情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混淆點(diǎn)總結(jié)易混點(diǎn)1.can和beableto:1）can/could表示能力；可能（過(guò)去時(shí)用could）,只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式（could）。beableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用beableto的情況：a.位于助動(dòng)詞后。b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。c.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，用was/wereableto,不能用could。例如：HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)之前逃離歐洲。注意：could有時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)1）提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?我能看電視嗎？---Yes,youcan./No,youcan't,可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。例如：Hecouldn'tbeabadman,他不大可能是壞人。易混點(diǎn)2:maybe和maybd詞 用法區(qū)別常用位置maybemay為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be為動(dòng)詞原形句中，作謂語(yǔ)maybe副詞，大概、也許相當(dāng)于perhaps句首，作狀語(yǔ)

Hemaybewrong,butI'mnotsure.也許他錯(cuò)了，但我也不確定。Maybeheisstillathome.★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞記憶口訣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞兩要點(diǎn);動(dòng)詞原形跟后面，說(shuō)話(huà)語(yǔ)氣較委婉；can表"能力"；may"許可"；must"責(zé)任"或"義務(wù)"；否定回答"needn't"換；should"應(yīng)該"；would"愿。易混點(diǎn)3：must和haveto1）兩詞都是‘必須’的意思，haveto表示客觀(guān)的需要，must表示說(shuō)話(huà)人主觀(guān)上的看法，既主觀(guān)上的必要。例如：Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。（客觀(guān)上需要做這件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。（主觀(guān)上要做這件事）2）haveto有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.他昨晚只得照顧他姐姐。3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don'thaveto表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit,你不一定要把此事告訴他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit,你不得把這件事告訴他。【例1】--Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?--Yes,we.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto【例2】--Ididn'tpassthemathtest.IthinkIhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesrecently.--Iagree.Youplaylikethatanymore.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.wouldn'tA.needn'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.wouldn't【例3】Whentrafficlightsarered.Westopandwait.A.mayB.can C.mustD.might.【例4】一Ireallylikeplayingcomputergames!—I'mafraidyoustop,foryourstudyandyourhealth.A.amB.willC.mayD.must答案：CBCD易混點(diǎn)4:usedtodo/beusedtodoing/beusedtodo…/beusedfordoingsth1）usedtodo表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去，只用于過(guò)去，注意用todo,不用doing形式；2）而beusedtodoing意為”習(xí)慣做...”，be可有各種時(shí)態(tài);beusedtodo意為"……被使用去做……「為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。beusedfordoingsth"用作 ”Sheisusedtoeatingmeat,她習(xí)慣吃肉。Hewasn'tusedtoeatinginarestaurant.他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingthings.（刀可以用來(lái)割東西）Aknifecanbeusedtocutthings.（刀可以用來(lái)割東西）【考例】Heusedtointhesun,butnowheisusedtoatnight.A.read,readB.reading,readC.read,readingD.reading,reading答案：C易混點(diǎn)5can和could兩者都可用來(lái)表能力，意為“能夠，會(huì)”可用來(lái)表示許可（常用在口語(yǔ)中）或表示懷疑、驚異、不相信等態(tài)度（常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中）?！究祭?】--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Ofcourseyou.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.will【考例2】--Listen!IsTomsingingintheclassroom?--No.ItbeTom.HehasgonetoParis.A.maynotB.needn'tC.can'tD.mustn't【考例3】一Mary，youspeakChinese?—Yes，onlyalittle.AmustBneed Cmay D.can答案：ACD易混點(diǎn)6shall和shouldshall用于第一人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句表示征求對(duì)方意：見(jiàn)；用于第二、三人稱(chēng)肯定句或否定句表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給予對(duì)方的“禁止、命令、警告、允諾或威脅等”。should用來(lái)表示建議、責(zé)任、義務(wù)時(shí)，可譯為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)"，此時(shí)可用oughtto替換；可用來(lái)表示驚訝、憂(yōu)慮、贊嘆等不滿(mǎn)情緒（用在疑問(wèn)句中）；還可用來(lái)委婉地陳述自己的意見(jiàn)?！究祭縎choolsallowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.would B.might C.should D.could答案：C易混點(diǎn)7hadbetter和wouldrather“hadbetter+動(dòng)詞原形"意為“最好做 ”，否定句式為hadbetternot。Itisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.天相當(dāng)冷。你最好穿上我的外套。She'dbetternotplaywiththedog,她最好不要玩耍那條狗?！皐ouldrather+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧可，寧愿”，否定句式為wouldrathernot。wouldratherdo/wouldrathernotdowouldrather...than... 寧愿.??而不愿。Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.我寧愿呆在這兒，而【考例1】--Bob，mayI__yourMP4?-Sure.Butyou'dbetternotittoothers.A.lend；lendB.lend；borrowC.borrow；borrowD.borrow；lend【考例2】-Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?-Iwouldratherathomethanfootball.It'stoohotoutside.A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.tostay;toplayD.tostay;playing答案：DB總結(jié)：can/may/must/should用法概覽情態(tài)動(dòng)詞許可猜測(cè)其他can可以/表能力，“能夠，會(huì)”beabletocan’t不可以不可能表示不能做，能力的缺失may可以可能表祝愿Mayyoubehappy!must/定表義務(wù)，必須havetomustn't不可以，禁止/should很大的可能性，“按道理說(shuō)應(yīng)該”表義務(wù)、職責(zé)，“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題練習(xí)Youtotellhimthenews.Itwillmakehimsad.A.needn,tB.shouldn,tC.couldn,tD.don,tneed-MustIdoallthehousework,Mum?--No,you.Justcleanyourbedroom.A.mustn,tB.shouldn,tC.needn,tD.can,tJack,youaskawomanherageinEngland.Ifsimpolite.A.needn'tB.don'thavetoC.oughttoD.shouldn'tWehurryallthewaytotheairport,theflightwascancelledbecauseofthefoggyweather.A.mustn,tB.couldn,tC.needn,tD.shouldn'tTooursurprise,weenjoyahalfmonthholidayhiJanuaryin2018.A.shouldB.can C.mustD.needCanyouspeaklouder,please?Ihearyouclearly.A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.needn'tD.can'tAlltheparcelswillbedeliveredtoyourhomeintwodays.Youworrytoomuchaboutit.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can't D.shouldn'tItdoesn,tlooklikerain,soyoubringyourumbrellawithyou.A.mustn'tB.can,tC.needn'tD.maynotChildrenbeverycarefUlwhentheygoacrossthebusystreet.A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.must D.mayIlookedeverywhereforthebook,butIfindit.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.maynotD.couldn'tBelieveitornot,it'ssaidthatpeoplebornintheyearoftheratbecomeexcellentwriters.A.shouldB.can C.must D.need一MustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeIgotoplaybasketball?一Yes,you .A.needn'tB.can't C.must D.mayYoutellhimthegoodnewsbecausehehasalreadyknownit.A.needn,tB.maynotC.mustn,tD.can,t—ShallItellMikeaboutit?一No,you.He'salreadyknownit.A.needn'tB.can't C.must D.may一CanItakethesemagazineshome?一Yes,you,butpleasereturnthemintwodays.A.must B.may C.should D.need一MustIwashtheseplates?一No,you.Themachinecandoit.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.maynotD.needn'tChristyhashadthreejobssincecollege,andshestilldecidewhatshewantstodo.A.needn'tB.can't C.mustn'tD.shouldn'tMyparentsoftentellmewecareforsmallcreatures.

A.canB.shouldC.mustn'tD.needn'tA.canB.shouldC.mustn'tD.needn'tPassengersstayseatedduringthetake-offandlanding.A)can B)may C)should D)mustMilliecometoattendyourbirthdaypartytonight,butheisn,tverysureyet.A)may B)must C)need D)hastoComputerssolvemanydifficultproblemsquickly.A)can B)must C)need D)shouldSomeAmericansthinkifstudentschewgum(咀嚼口香糖)inclass,theyfocusontheirstudy.A)maynot B)needn,t C)shouldn,tD)mustn'tThereisstillquitealotofmeatinthefridge,soyoubuyanymore.A.mustn,t B.needn,t C.can,t D.shouldn'tTheweatherreportsaysitwon'trainthisafternoon,soyoutakeanumbrellawithyou.A)shouldn,tB)mustn,tC)can,t D)needn7tCathyhastodothesamethingeveryday.Shebeveryboredwithherjob.A)can B)need C)should D)must—Themanagersaysthere,snohotwaterafter8:00p.m.—Youmeanwegotobedwithoutashower.Howterrible!A)haveto B)may C)must D)canYouwatchsportsnewsforawhileifyouhavefinishedyourhomework.A)must B)need C)should D)mayOnSchoolOpenDay,parentsknowhowcolorfultheirkids7schoollifeis.A)should B)can C)must D)needForoursafety,wedrivecarsafterdrinkinganywines.A)can,tB)needn,tC)shouldn,tD)mustn,tA)can,tB)needn,tC)shouldn,tD)mustn,tPlantsandflowerswaterandsunwhentheystartgrowing.A.needtoB.don'tneedC.needn't D.needYouhavealreadytriedyourbest,soyouworrytoomuchabouttheexams.A.can't B.needn't C.mustn't D.shouldn'tOnlyyoudosuchathing,I'msure,andnobodyelsehassuchanability.A.must B.should C.may D.canYouworryaboutyourson.Hecantakecareofhimself.A.can,t B.maynot C.mustn,t D.needn't---Mum,willyoubuymethenewiPadaftertheHighSchoolEntranceExamination?---I,mafraidI,dear.Weareshortofmoneynow.Acan,t B.mustn,t Cshouldn,tDneedn