閱解理解題型分析及解題策略(定稿)

Welcometoourclass閱讀理解題型分析及解題策略AnalysesofEnglishReadingComprehension&Strategiesfordoingitwell（1）今天好囧啊，等了半天打不到的士。墻角數(shù)枝槑，凌寒獨自開，遙贊它是雪，只能說你呆。Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?2010年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求

要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料?？忌鷳?yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。

閱讀理解題型主旨大意題推理判斷題細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞/句義猜測題湖北07-10年閱讀理解題型及題型分布詞句意猜測主旨大意推理判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解寫作方式07226910843490922881004511閱讀推理判斷題——專題指導(dǎo)推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定的推理和判斷，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。這類題主要考查考生透過詞語的表面意義理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬深層次理解題。此類試題的設(shè)計常常包括infer，imply,suggest，conclude等詞。1.推斷隱含意義

2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的

4.推斷文章出處

5.推斷文脈邏輯關(guān)系閱讀推理判斷題推斷題分類1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis

.Thewritersuggeststhat

.Thestoryimpliesthat

.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat

.這類題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語。一、如何推斷隱含意義2.技巧點撥1).全面分析2).忠實原文3).不要選擇表層信息1.(湖北07)Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."（1分鐘）

●Thesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.Practice:2.（湖北08）Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.（1.5分鐘）

●

Youcantellthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches二、如何推斷作者觀點和態(tài)度：1.Questionforms:Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor______.2.技巧點撥注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。3.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身體的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反應(yīng)).（2分鐘）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.4.（湖南09）Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.

Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform說明文中作者的態(tài)度:objective

neutral在議論文中，有：(1)positive(2)negative(3)neutral(4)approval

(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)ironic(8)critical(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic客觀的消極的漠不關(guān)心的贊成的不贊成的樂觀的悲觀的Takingnotes:中立的積極的諷刺的批評的中立的三、如何推斷寫作目的1.Questionforms:(1)

考查整篇文章的寫作目的A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.主要考查整篇文章的寫作目的和某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖(2)

考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.2.常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1)toentertainreaders（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2)topersuadereaders（說服讀者接受某種觀點）(3)toinformreaders（告知讀者某些信息）常見于故事類的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常見于廣告類的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章.常見的寫作目的歸納：（1）娛樂讀者，引人發(fā)笑。（故事類文章）（2）說服讀者接受某種觀點。（廣告類文章——推薦某種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，或吸引參觀者或讀者）（3）告知讀者某些信息。（科普類、新聞報道類、文化類或社會類文章）5.（湖北10）“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分鐘）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem6.（上海09）AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman‘shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.（3分鐘）

●Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife

1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推斷文章出處2.解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1)報紙：前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱

(2)廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)(3)產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數(shù)、藥量等7.（全國卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.（2分鐘）A.textbookB.newsreel(新聞片)C.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine此題極易誤選D.的確,人們常在藥瓶上的說明中看到文章直接引語部分的文字內(nèi)容,但是像第一段這樣的內(nèi)容不可能出現(xiàn)在藥瓶上.由此可見,這一段文章應(yīng)選自教科書中有關(guān)如何讀服藥說明的課文,故選A.【解題思路分析】8.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受傷）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全帶）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（責(zé)任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（發(fā)送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.（3分鐘）（北京10）

●Thistextistakenfrom_____.

A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（廣告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小冊子）Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjured（受傷）eachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereport解題技巧：推測下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理推測上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段--開始的幾句話。五．推斷文脈邏輯關(guān)系1)推斷上下文內(nèi)容1.Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_______Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss______.（主要包括推斷上下文內(nèi)容和推斷篇章組織結(jié)構(gòu)）9（湖北10）Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分鐘）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization（城市化）該題要求預(yù)測短文之后可能討論的內(nèi)容。解這種題時，可以先回顧一下全文的主題思想及相關(guān)的信息，也可以根據(jù)結(jié)尾句的過渡性詞語的使用判斷下文信息。文章的結(jié)尾講“Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedfor…wasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.”(只有在滿足對食物基本需求的過程達(dá)到一定的精細(xì)程度時，人類才有可能去從事建造城市等其他的追求)。該句中出現(xiàn)過渡詞“suchas”，它表示下文要引出的例子。因此，我們說本文后的段落很可能是關(guān)系人們的追求，而放在首位的，則是從事建造城市的追求。故正確答案是D項?！窘忸}思路分析】解題技巧：按段落的組織方法理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)按寫作方法（論證方法）理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)2)推斷篇章組織結(jié)構(gòu)1.Questionforms:Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?Howisthepassageorganized?(見SpecialPractice37)PassageC(T67)practice1.推斷隱含意義,必須吃透相關(guān)文段的意思。2.推斷作者的寫作意圖，應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注主題句,同時把握文章的體裁也可以推斷作者的寫作目的。3.推斷作者的觀點，