閱解理解題型分析及解題策略(定稿)

Welcometoourclass閱讀理解題型分析及解題策略AnalysesofEnglishReadingComprehension&Strategiesfordoingitwell（1）今天好囧啊，等了半天打不到的士。墻角數(shù)枝槑，凌寒獨(dú)自開，遙贊它是雪，只能說你呆。Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?2010年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求

要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料?？忌鷳?yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。

閱讀理解題型主旨大意題推理判斷題細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞/句義猜測(cè)題湖北07-10年閱讀理解題型及題型分布詞句意猜測(cè)主旨大意推理判斷細(xì)節(jié)理解寫作方式07226910843490922881004511閱讀推理判斷題——專題指導(dǎo)推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定的推理和判斷，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。這類題主要考查考生透過詞語(yǔ)的表面意義理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬深層次理解題。此類試題的設(shè)計(jì)常常包括infer，imply,suggest，conclude等詞。1.推斷隱含意義

2.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的

4.推斷文章出處

5.推斷文脈邏輯關(guān)系閱讀推理判斷題推斷題分類1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis

.Thewritersuggeststhat

.Thestoryimpliesthat

.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat

.這類題干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。一、如何推斷隱含意義2.技巧點(diǎn)撥1).全面分析2).忠實(shí)原文3).不要選擇表層信息1.(湖北07)Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."（1分鐘）

●Thesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.Practice:2.（湖北08）Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.（1.5分鐘）

●

Youcantellthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度：1.Questionforms:Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor______.2.技巧點(diǎn)撥注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。3.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身體的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反應(yīng)).（2分鐘）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.4.（湖南09）Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.

Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform說明文中作者的態(tài)度:objective

neutral在議論文中，有：(1)positive(2)negative(3)neutral(4)approval

(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)ironic(8)critical(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic客觀的消極的漠不關(guān)心的贊成的不贊成的樂觀的悲觀的Takingnotes:中立的積極的諷刺的批評(píng)的中立的三、如何推斷寫作目的1.Questionforms:(1)

考查整篇文章的寫作目的A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.主要考查整篇文章的寫作目的和某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖(2)

考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.2.常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1)toentertainreaders（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2)topersuadereaders（說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)）(3)toinformreaders（告知讀者某些信息）常見于故事類的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常見于廣告類的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多見于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會(huì)類的文章.常見的寫作目的歸納：（1）娛樂讀者，引人發(fā)笑。（故事類文章）（2）說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)。（廣告類文章——推薦某種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，或吸引參觀者或讀者）（3）告知讀者某些信息。（科普類、新聞報(bào)道類、文化類或社會(huì)類文章）5.（湖北10）“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分鐘）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem6.（上海09）AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman‘shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.（3分鐘）

●Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife

1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推斷文章出處2.解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1)報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱

(2)廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)(3)產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等7.（全國(guó)卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.（2分鐘）A.textbookB.newsreel(新聞片)C.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine此題極易誤選D.的確,人們常在藥瓶上的說明中看到文章直接引語(yǔ)部分的文字內(nèi)容,但是像第一段這樣的內(nèi)容不可能出現(xiàn)在藥瓶上.由此可見,這一段文章應(yīng)選自教科書中有關(guān)如何讀服藥說明的課文,故選A.【解題思路分析】8.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受傷）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全帶）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（責(zé)任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（發(fā)送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.（3分鐘）（北京10）

●Thistextistakenfrom_____.

A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（廣告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小冊(cè)子）Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjured（受傷）eachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereport解題技巧：推測(cè)下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理推測(cè)上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段--開始的幾句話。五．推斷文脈邏輯關(guān)系1)推斷上下文內(nèi)容1.Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_______Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss______.（主要包括推斷上下文內(nèi)容和推斷篇章組織結(jié)構(gòu)）9（湖北10）Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分鐘）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization（城市化）該題要求預(yù)測(cè)短文之后可能討論的內(nèi)容。解這種題時(shí)，可以先回顧一下全文的主題思想及相關(guān)的信息，也可以根據(jù)結(jié)尾句的過渡性詞語(yǔ)的使用判斷下文信息。文章的結(jié)尾講“Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedfor…wasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.”(只有在滿足對(duì)食物基本需求的過程達(dá)到一定的精細(xì)程度時(shí)，人類才有可能去從事建造城市等其他的追求)。該句中出現(xiàn)過渡詞“suchas”，它表示下文要引出的例子。因此，我們說本文后的段落很可能是關(guān)系人們的追求，而放在首位的，則是從事建造城市的追求。故正確答案是D項(xiàng)?！窘忸}思路分析】解題技巧：按段落的組織方法理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)按寫作方法（論證方法）理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)2)推斷篇章組織結(jié)構(gòu)1.Questionforms:Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?Howisthepassageorganized?(見SpecialPractice37)PassageC(T67)practice1.推斷隱含意義,必須吃透相關(guān)文段的意思。2.推斷作者的寫作意圖，應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注主題句,同時(shí)把握文章的體裁也可以推斷作者的寫作目的。3.推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)，