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adj.受限制的v.限制n.貧窮,貧困n.缺口.差距.裂縫.v.放棄,拋棄n.標(biāo)題.頭銜bound(綁得)poverty(破扶梯)gap(割破)abandon(a板凳)title(抬頭)諧音詞2023/2/11n.財(cái)政,資金,金融adj.多愁善感的adj.荒唐的,n.荒唐adj.足夠的,適當(dāng)?shù)腶dj.慣例的,傳統(tǒng)的finance(犯難事)sentimental(三屜饅頭)absurd(愛(ài)不值得)adequate(俺的夸他)conventional(靠紋身哦)2023/2/12stateestatefacilitateimitateirritaten.狀態(tài);國(guó)家;州;政府v.陳述;聲明;adj.國(guó)家的;州的n.財(cái)產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)v.促進(jìn)v.模仿,仿效v.激怒2023/2/13ariseriseraisearousevi.出現(xiàn),產(chǎn)生v.n.上升,增加v.n.升起,籌錢(qián),撫養(yǎng)v.叫醒,喚醒,激發(fā)2023/2/14adaptadeptadoptadjustv.使適應(yīng),改編adj.熟練的(adeptin)v.采納,收養(yǎng),接受v.調(diào)節(jié),使適應(yīng)2023/2/15Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowwhat'sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofatabooabouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Inahealthyrelationship,youdon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit.(2011年12月真題)最大的問(wèn)題在于夫妻雙方會(huì)想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為他們知道彼此的財(cái)政狀況,但是其實(shí)他們并不知曉,相對(duì)比于談?wù)撍劳觯坪跽務(wù)摻疱X(qián)更是一種禁忌。但是在健康的夫妻關(guān)系中,彼此不需要在錢(qián)的問(wèn)題上達(dá)成統(tǒng)一,但是一定會(huì)有非常必要的溝通.2023/2/16大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試題型2023/2/17改革后翻譯題型:段落翻譯(漢譯英)測(cè)試學(xué)生把漢語(yǔ)所承載的信息用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力。
分值比例:15%
考試時(shí)間:30分鐘。
內(nèi)容:中國(guó)歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展
長(zhǎng)度:140-160個(gè)漢字;2023/2/18翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)譯文應(yīng)該完整地再現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣流暢自然。譯文的風(fēng)格、筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文性質(zhì)相同。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試新題型評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2023/2/1101.通讀并透徹理解原文漢語(yǔ)句子,確定語(yǔ)法成分和句型。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史,在明朝和清朝時(shí)期特別流行。譯文:Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingdynasties.
漢語(yǔ)段落可以包含一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主題;而英語(yǔ)段落一般只有一個(gè)主題,如往往有一個(gè)明顯的主題句(主題句多置于句首),其他句子則層層展開(kāi),以支持主題句.2.付諸筆墨,保證拼寫(xiě)無(wú)誤。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。譯文1:Peopleoftenmaketheirhomebeautifulwithpapercuttings.譯文2:Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomewithpapercuttings.3.修改,重新審視,對(duì)譯文修正、加工、潤(rùn)飾。重點(diǎn)檢查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫(xiě)、大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、冠詞和代詞的使用以及主謂一致等問(wèn)題。樣卷Part
IV
Translation
(30
minutes)
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
translate
a
passage
from
Chinese
into
English.
You
should
write
your
answer
on
Answer
Sheet
2.
2023/2/115樣題
剪紙(paper
cutting)是中國(guó)最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史,在明朝和清朝時(shí)期(the
Ming
and
Qing
Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間,剪紙被用來(lái)裝飾門(mén)窗和房間,以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色,象征健康和興旺。中國(guó)剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎,經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國(guó)友人的禮物。
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。2023/2/116答案
PapercuttingisoneofChina’smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity.Chinesepapercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworldanditisoftengivenasapresenttoforeignfriends.2023/2/117漢語(yǔ)VS英語(yǔ)不同表達(dá)習(xí)慣一、英語(yǔ)重結(jié)構(gòu),漢語(yǔ)重語(yǔ)義
二、英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)句,漢語(yǔ)多短句
三、英語(yǔ)多從句,漢語(yǔ)多分句
四、主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)等名詞成分“英語(yǔ)多代詞,漢語(yǔ)多名詞”
五、英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng),漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)
六、英語(yǔ)多變化,漢語(yǔ)多重復(fù)
七、英語(yǔ)多抽象,漢語(yǔ)多具體
八、英語(yǔ)多引申,漢語(yǔ)多推理
九、英語(yǔ)多省略,漢語(yǔ)多補(bǔ)充十、英語(yǔ)多前重心,漢語(yǔ)多后重心2023/2/118一、英語(yǔ)重結(jié)構(gòu),漢語(yǔ)重語(yǔ)義
著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家王力先生曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò):“就句子的結(jié)構(gòu)而論,西洋語(yǔ)言是法治的,中國(guó)語(yǔ)言是人治的?!盬henIsingasong,Ialwayssingoff-key.我一唱歌,就跑調(diào)。Ifyouescapeagain,I’llshootyou.再跑,我就斃了你!2023/2/119二、英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)句,漢語(yǔ)多短句
Interest
in
historical
methods
had
arisen
less
through
external
challenge
to
the
validity
of
history
as
an
intellectual
discipline
(學(xué)科)and
more
from
internal
quarrelsamong
historians
themselves.
人們對(duì)歷史研究方法產(chǎn)生了興趣,這與其說(shuō)是因?yàn)橥獠繉?duì)歷史作為一門(mén)知識(shí)學(xué)科的有效性提出了挑戰(zhàn),還不如說(shuō)是因?yàn)闅v史學(xué)家內(nèi)部發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。2023/2/120三、英語(yǔ)多從句,漢語(yǔ)多分句
On
the
whole
such
a
conclusion
can
be
drawn
with
a
certain
degree
of
confidence
but
only
if
the
child
can
be
assumed
to
have
had
the
same
attitude
towards
the
test
as
the
other
with
whom
he
is
compared,
and
only
if
he
was
not
punished
by
lack
of
relevant
information
which
they
possessed.
總的來(lái)說(shuō),得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的,但是必須具備兩個(gè)條件:能夠假定這個(gè)孩子對(duì)測(cè)試的態(tài)度與他相比的另一個(gè)孩子的態(tài)度相同;他也沒(méi)有因缺乏別的孩子已掌握的有關(guān)知識(shí)而被扣分。2023/2/121四、主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)等名詞成分“英語(yǔ)多代詞,漢語(yǔ)多名詞”
There
will
be
television
chat
shows
hosted
byrobots,
and
cars
with
pollution
monitors
that
will
disable
them
when
they
offend.
屆時(shí),將出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視訪(fǎng)談節(jié)目及裝有污染監(jiān)測(cè)器的汽車(chē),一旦這些汽車(chē)違規(guī),監(jiān)測(cè)器就會(huì)使其停。
2023/2/122五、英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng),漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)
It
must
be
pointed
out
that..必須指出It
must
be
admitted
that.必須承認(rèn)It
is
imagined
that.人們認(rèn)為It
cannot
be
denied
that..不可否認(rèn)It
will
be
seen
from
this
that..由此可知It
should
be
realized
that...必須認(rèn)識(shí)
It
is
(always)
stressed
that..人們強(qiáng)調(diào)It
may
be
said
without
fear
of
exaggeration
that..可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)
2023/2/123And
it
is
imagined
by
many
that
the
operations
of
the
common
mind
can
by
no
means
be
compared
with
these
processes,
and
that
they
have
to
be
required
by
a
sort
of
special
training.
許多人認(rèn)為,普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與科學(xué)家的思維活動(dòng)相比,認(rèn)為這些思維活動(dòng)必須經(jīng)過(guò)某種專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練才能掌握。
2023/2/124六、英語(yǔ)多變化,漢語(yǔ)多重復(fù)
The
monkey’s
most
extraordinary
accomplishment
was
learning
to
operate
a
tractor.
By
the
age
of
nine,
the
monkey
had
learned
to
solo
on
the
vehicle.
這只猴子最了不起的成就是學(xué)會(huì)駕駛拖拉機(jī)。到九歲的時(shí)候,它已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了單獨(dú)表演駕駛拖拉機(jī)了。2023/2/125七、英語(yǔ)多抽象,漢語(yǔ)多具體
Loyalty赤膽忠心total
exhaustion
筋疲力盡far-sightedness
遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)careful
consideration
深思熟慮
perfect
harmony
水乳交融feed
on
fancies
畫(huà)餅充饑
with
great
eagerness
如饑似渴
lack
of
perseverance
三天打魚(yú),兩天曬網(wǎng)
make
a
little
contribution
添磚加瓦
2023/2/126Until
such
time
as
mankind
has
the
sense
to
lower
its
population
to
the
points
whereas
the
planet
can
provide
a
comfortable
support
for
all,
people
will
have
to
accept
more
"unnatural
food."
除非人類(lèi)終于意識(shí)到要把人口減少到這樣的程度:使地球能為所有人提供足夠的飲食,否則人們將不得不接受更多的
“人造食品”。
2023/2/127八、英語(yǔ)多引申,漢語(yǔ)多推理
While
there
are
almost
as
many
definitions
of
history
as
there
are
historians,
modern
practice
most
closely
conforms
to
one
that
sees
history
as
the
attempt
to
recreate
and
explain
the
significant
events
of
the
past.
盡管關(guān)于歷史的定義幾乎和歷史學(xué)家一樣多,現(xiàn)代實(shí)踐最符合這樣一種定義,即把歷史看作是對(duì)過(guò)去重大歷史事件的再現(xiàn)和解釋。
2023/2/128九、英語(yǔ)多省略,漢語(yǔ)多補(bǔ)充
Ambition
is
the
mother
of
destruction
as
well
as
of
evil.
野心不僅是罪惡的根源,同時(shí)也是毀滅的根源。
Reading
exercises
one’s
eyes;
speaking,
one’s
tongue;
while
writing,
one’s
mind.
閱讀訓(xùn)練人的眼睛,說(shuō)話(huà)訓(xùn)練人的口齒,寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練人的思維。2023/2/129
十、英語(yǔ)多前重心,漢語(yǔ)多后重心
I
was
all
the
more
delighted
when,
as
a
result
of
the
initiative
of
your
Government
it
provedpossible
to
reinstate
the
visit
so
quickly.
由于貴國(guó)政府的提議,才得以這樣快地重新實(shí)現(xiàn)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。這使我感到特別高興。
2023/2/130英漢結(jié)構(gòu)差異連接方式:漢語(yǔ)隱形,即連接詞很少出現(xiàn)或不出現(xiàn),這體現(xiàn)為意合(parataxis);英語(yǔ)顯性,即連接詞出現(xiàn),體現(xiàn)為形合(hypotaxis)組句方式:漢語(yǔ):動(dòng)詞多,短句多,常按時(shí)間順序或前因后果的邏輯關(guān)系排列,呈鏈狀;英語(yǔ):常按句內(nèi)主次從屬關(guān)系排列,在句子主體上添加修飾語(yǔ)以及限定語(yǔ),形成嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)臉?shù)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。2023/2/1311.正確判斷句子之間的關(guān)系,補(bǔ)充連接手段,實(shí)現(xiàn)顯性連接。e.g.……在這一年半中,她抄寫(xiě)、背寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)單詞的紙,累起來(lái)可達(dá)桌子高。……思路:SVO=紙+達(dá)到+桌子高。問(wèn)題:累起來(lái)怎么處理?Inthatyearandahalf,thepaperonwhichshehadcopiedEnglishwordsorwrittenthemdownfrommemory,ifstackedup,couldreachthetablefromthefloor.結(jié)構(gòu)差異帶來(lái)的啟示2023/2/1322.掌握內(nèi)在聯(lián)系正確斷句我們的班主任姓王,五十開(kāi)外,方臉,一臉的胡子。Mr.Wang,theheadteacherresponsibleforourclass,wasoverfifty.Hehadasquare-shapedfacewithafullbeard.結(jié)構(gòu)差異帶來(lái)的啟示2023/2/1333.正確安排句子基本框架,主次清楚,符合原意。原文:大家都記得1979年秋天,當(dāng)這個(gè)總共只念過(guò)八年書(shū)、連英文字母也認(rèn)不全,而且已有三個(gè)孩子的女工,竟然報(bào)名上電大英語(yǔ)班時(shí),招來(lái)了多少驚訝的目光。Theyrememberhowmanyastonishedlookswerecastatherintheautumnof1979,whenthiswomanworkerwithonly8year’sschooling,littleacquaintancewiththeEnglishalphabetandthreechildrentolookafter,actuallyenrolledintheEnglishclassofferedbythelocalTVuniversity.結(jié)構(gòu)差異帶來(lái)的啟示2023/2/134一、翻譯的基本方法:直譯&意譯直譯:保持原文內(nèi)容、又保持原文形式,基本保留原有句子結(jié)構(gòu),不是死譯。意譯:只保持原文內(nèi)容、不保持原文形式,更多考慮英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。如:我們的朋友遍天下。Ourfriendsareallovertheworld.(直譯)Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.(意譯)直譯與意譯相互關(guān)聯(lián),互為補(bǔ)充,兩種譯法可以并用2023/2/135二、
漢譯英的基本技巧1.增詞為了充分傳達(dá)原文含義,必須增補(bǔ)詞語(yǔ),以求達(dá)意.北京是中國(guó)的政治、文化中心。這里你可以游覽萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城、故宮、頤和園等。
Beijingisapoliticalandculturalcenterthatofferssomescenicattractions:theGreatWall,theForbiddenCity,theSummerPalaceetc.2023/2/1361.我不覺(jué)得用英語(yǔ)與外國(guó)人交談?dòng)惺裁蠢щy。Idon’tthinkitisdifficulttospeaktoaforeignerinEnglish.2.虛心使人進(jìn)步,驕傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.增加形式主語(yǔ)it增連詞PracticePlease.2023/2/1372.減詞:
漢語(yǔ)喜歡重復(fù),英語(yǔ)崇尚簡(jiǎn)潔。漢語(yǔ)的重復(fù)作為一種修辭手段有兩種作用。一是為了強(qiáng)調(diào),重復(fù)表達(dá)一個(gè)意思,或增添修飾語(yǔ),加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。二是為了便于詞語(yǔ)搭配,或平衡節(jié)奏,增加可讀性。這些在漢語(yǔ)里習(xí)以為常的重復(fù)詞語(yǔ)或句式,到了英語(yǔ)里要么不合邏輯,要么累贅冗長(zhǎng)。所以翻譯時(shí)都要有所刪減省略。這是革命的春天,這是人民的春天,這是科學(xué)的春天!讓我們張開(kāi)雙臂,熱烈擁抱這個(gè)春天吧!Letusstretchoutourarmstoembracethespring,whichisoneoftherevolution,ofthepeople,andofscience.2023/2/138見(jiàn)到自己的故鄉(xiāng),他想起了童年的情景。Thesightofhisnativeplacecalledbackhischildhood.他連續(xù)講了兩小時(shí)的法語(yǔ),沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何錯(cuò)誤。HehasbeenspeakinginFrenchfortwohourswithoutanymistakes.
長(zhǎng)嗟短嘆--sighingdeeply發(fā)號(hào)施令--issueorders
土崩瓦解--fallapart
兩面三刀--two-facedtacticsPracticePlease.情景沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)省名詞(省動(dòng)詞)2023/2/1393.詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換
詞類(lèi)變形和轉(zhuǎn)換,是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)很重要的特點(diǎn),尤其是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞這三種最主要的詞類(lèi)。eg.他的演講給我們的印象很深。Hisspeechimpressedusdeeply.(名詞變動(dòng)詞)eg.你說(shuō)他傻不傻?Don’tyouthinkheisanidiot?(形容詞變名詞)2023/2/1404.語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換在英漢兩種語(yǔ)言當(dāng)中都有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。在英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用頻率要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于漢語(yǔ)。如果一味按照漢語(yǔ)原句的語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)翻譯,會(huì)使譯文顯得十分別扭。這個(gè)小男孩在放學(xué)回家的路上受了傷。Thelittleboywashurtonhiswayhomefromschool.門(mén)鎖好了。Thedoorhasbeenlockedup.新教材在印刷中。Newtextbooksarebeingprinted.2023/2/1415.分譯&合譯(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)分譯:需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長(zhǎng)句,或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。這種句子如果譯成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,就會(huì)使譯文冗長(zhǎng)、累贅、意思表達(dá)不清楚,也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果采用分譯,則會(huì)使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔、易懂、層次分明。少年是一去不復(fù)返的,等到精力衰竭時(shí),要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了。Youthwillsoonbegone,
nevertoreturn.Anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.她隔窗望去,突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊,船里有位船夫睡得正香。Lookingthroughthewindow,shesuddenlyspottedaboatmooredtothebank.Inittherewasaboatmanfastasleep.
(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)(從主語(yǔ)變換處分譯)2023/2/142合譯:相較于漢語(yǔ)而言,英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句多,因此在翻譯中,要把漢語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)句子合譯為英語(yǔ)的一句,使譯文緊湊、簡(jiǎn)練。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),我的水族箱就像我自己的一個(gè)小王國(guó)。我就是里面的國(guó)王。TomemyaquariumislikemyownlittlekingdomwhereIamking.第二天,我又接到一個(gè)電報(bào)。這個(gè)電報(bào)有34個(gè)字,比前一個(gè)電報(bào)說(shuō)得更詳細(xì)。ThefollowingdayIreceivedanothertelegramconsistingof34ciphers,givingmoredetails.從主語(yǔ)變換處合譯按內(nèi)容連貫合譯2023/2/1436.正、反表達(dá)翻譯I.漢語(yǔ)從反面表達(dá),譯文從正面表達(dá)他提出的論據(jù)相當(dāng)不充實(shí)。Theargumentheputforwardisprettythin.他七十歲了,可是并不顯老。Hewas70,buthecarriedhisyearslightly.II.漢語(yǔ)從正面表達(dá),譯文從反面表達(dá)她來(lái)得正是時(shí)候。Shecouldn’thavecomeatabettertime.對(duì)于漢譯英,你越細(xì)心越好。YoucanneverbetoocarefulaboutChinese-Englishtranslation.
2023/2/1447.變序
從譯文的行文上考慮,有時(shí)需要對(duì)原文的詞序作一番調(diào)整,以適應(yīng)英文的修辭習(xí)慣,或者為了避免因結(jié)構(gòu)而產(chǎn)生的歧義。例:到西安你可以買(mǎi)兵馬俑、唐三彩。UniquelocalcreationsareavailableinXi’an,suchasthethreecoloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynastyandterra-cottafigures.(“兵馬俑”和“唐三彩”在譯文中變換了位置,是為了避免”oftheTangDynasty”在結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生歧義。)2023/2/145練習(xí)1中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放,這對(duì)海外企業(yè)(enterprises)意味著更多的商機(jī)。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)企業(yè)與海外企業(yè)一直積極開(kāi)展經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作,并取得了巨大成就。海外企業(yè)不僅幫助了中國(guó)企業(yè)的成長(zhǎng),而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國(guó)政府將繼續(xù)提供有利的政策和條件,推動(dòng)中國(guó)企業(yè)與國(guó)外企業(yè)進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展合作。2023/2/146key1Chinawilldevelopitseconomyfurtherandopenitselfwidertotheoutsideworld,whichoffersmorebusinessopportunitiestooverseasenterprises.SinceChina’sreformandopeningup,Chineseenterpriseshavebeencooperatingwithoverseasenterprisesintermsofeconomyandtechnology,andhavescoredgreatachievement.OverseasenterpriseshavenotonlyhelpedChineseenterpriseswiththeirgrowth,butalsobenefitedfromthecooperation.ChinesegovernmentwillcontinuetoofferfavorablepoliciesandconditionstopromotethefurthercooperationbetweenChineseandoverseasenterprises.2023/2/147練習(xí)2獅舞(LionDance)是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首,在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中,獅子被視為是能帶來(lái)好運(yùn)的吉祥物(mascot)。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身,能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類(lèi)。據(jù)記載,獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代(theTangDynasty),獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入了皇室。因此,舞獅成為元宵節(jié)(theLanternFestival)和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗,人們以此來(lái)祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。2023/2/148Key2TheLionDanceisoneofthemostwidespreadfolkdancesinChina.Thelionisthekingofanimals.InChinesetradition,thelionisregardedasamascot,whichcanbringgoodluck.Ancientpeopleregardedthelionasasymbolofbravenessandstrength,whichcoulddriveawayevilandprotecthumans.Thedancehasarecordedhistoryofmorethan2,000years.DuringtheTangDynasty,theLionDancewasalreadyintroducedintotheroyalfamilyofthedynasty.Therefore,performingtheliondanceattheLanternFestivalandotherfestiveoccasionsbecameacustomwherepeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safetyandhappiness.2023/2/149練習(xí)3假日經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)象表明:中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)觀(guān)正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求正在從基本生活必需品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個(gè)人發(fā)展的需求。同時(shí),中國(guó)人的消費(fèi)觀(guān)在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日經(jīng)濟(jì)中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)做相應(yīng)調(diào)整,來(lái)適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。另一方面,服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善,以滿(mǎn)足人們提高生活質(zhì)量的要求。2023/2/150Key3ThephenomenonofholidayeconomyshowsthatChinesepeople’sconsumptionconceptisundertakinggreatchanges.Accordingtostatistics,thedemandsofChineseconsumersareshiftingfromthebasicnecessitiesoflifetoleisure,comfortandpersonaldevelopment.Therefore,thestructureofproductsshouldbeadjustedaccordinglytoadapttosocialdevelopment.Ontheotherhand,servicesshouldbeimprovedtosatisfypeople’sdemandforanimprovedqualityoflife.2023/2/151練習(xí)4端午節(jié),又叫龍舟節(jié),是為了紀(jì)念?lèi)?ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠(chéng)和受人敬仰的大臣(minister),他給國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了和平和繁榮。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗(vilify)而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方,拋下粽子,希望魚(yú)兒吃粽子,不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來(lái),端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子(glutinousdumplings)和賽龍舟,尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。2023/2/152Key4TheDuanwuFestival,alsocalledtheDragonBoatFestival,istocommemoratethepatrioticpoetQuYuan.QuYuanwasaloyalandhighlyesteemedminister,whobroughtpeaceandprosperitytothestatebutendedupdrowninghimselfinariverasaresultofbeingvilified.Peoplegottothespotbyboatandcastglutinousdumplingsintothewater,hopingthatthefishesatethedumplingsinsteadofQuYuan’sbody.Forthousandsofyears,thefestivalhasbeenmarkedbyglutinousdumplingsanddragonboatraces,especiallyinthesouthernprovinceswheretherearemanyriversandlakes.2023/2/153練習(xí)52013年6月20日在中國(guó)各地,劇估計(jì)60萬(wàn)兒童和他們的老師觀(guān)看了有宇航員(astronaut)王亞平在距離地球300公里的上空所講授的科學(xué)課。王亞平與兩個(gè)同事乘坐天宮一號(hào)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙(theTiangon-1laboratorymodule)執(zhí)行為期兩周的任務(wù)。她在課上進(jìn)行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中還對(duì)比了在地球上重力(one-gravity)環(huán)境下同樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。這堂物理課不僅讓孩子們享受了一堂知識(shí)與樂(lè)趣兼具的物理課,也顯示了我國(guó)通信科技的前進(jìn)。2023/2/154Key5OnJune20,2013,anestimated600thousandschoolchildrenandtheirteachersacrossChinawatchedasciencelessontaughtfrom300kmabovetheEarthbyastronautWangYaping.WangisaboardtheTiangong-1laboratorymodulewithtwocrewmates,foratwo-weekmission.Herlessonswereaseriesofphysicsdemonstrationsinthespace.Insomedemonstrations,shecomparedwiththesameexperimentundertheone-gravityenvironmentonEarth.Thelessonhasnotonlyofferedchildrenaphysicslessonwithknowledgeandinterest,butalsoshowstheadvanceincommunicationtechnologyofChina.2023/2/155英語(yǔ)四級(jí)段落翻譯常用詞匯:中國(guó)歷史與文化京劇Pekingopera秦腔Qinopera功夫Kongfu太極TaiChi口技ventriloquism木偶戲puppetshow皮影戲shadowplay折子戲operahighlights雜技acrobatics相聲wittydialoguecomedy刺繡embroidery蘇繡Suzhouembroidery泥人clayfigure書(shū)法calligraphy中國(guó)畫(huà)traditionalChinesepainting水墨畫(huà)Chinesebrushpainting2023/2/156中國(guó)結(jié)Chineseknot中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火藥gunpowder印刷術(shù)printing造紙術(shù)paper-making指南針thecompass青銅器bronzeware瓷器porcelain;china唐三彩tri-colorglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty景泰藍(lán)cloisonne秋千swing武術(shù)martialarts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture2023/2/157道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu莊子ChuangTzu墨子MoTzu孫子SunTzu象形文字pictographiccharacters文房四寶(筆墨紙觀(guān))theFourTreasuresoftheStudy(brush,inkstick,paper,andinkstone)《大學(xué)》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean《論語(yǔ)》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius《孫子兵法》TheArtofWar《三國(guó)演義》ThreeKingdoms2023/2/158《西游爺己》JourneytotheWest《紅樓夢(mèng)》DreamoftheRedMansions《水滸傳》HeroesoftheMarshes《山海經(jīng)》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers《資治通鑒》HistoryasaMirror《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals《史記》HistoricalRecords《詩(shī)經(jīng)》TheBookofSongs《易經(jīng)》TheIChing;TheBookofChanges《禮記》TheBookofRites《三字經(jīng)》Three-characterScriptures八股文eight-partessay五言絕句five-characterquatrain七言律詩(shī)seven-characteroctave旗袍cheongsam中山裝Chinesetunicsuit唐裝Tangsuit風(fēng)水Fengshui;geomanticomen
2023/2/159陽(yáng)歷Solarcalendar陰歷Lunarcalendar閏年leapyear十二生肖zodiac春節(jié)theSpringFestival元宵節(jié)theLanternFestival清明節(jié)theTomb-sweepingDay端午節(jié)theDragon-boatFestival中秋節(jié)theMid-autumnDay重陽(yáng)節(jié)theDouble-ninthDay七夕節(jié)theDouble-seventhDay春聯(lián)springcouplets廟會(huì)templefair爆竹firecracker年畫(huà)(traditional)NewYearpictures壓歲錢(qián)NewYeargift-money舞龍dragondance元宵sweetstickyricedumplings花燈festivallantern2023/2/160燈謎lanternriddle舞獅liondance踩高蹺stiltwalking賽龍舟dragonboatrace胡同hutong山東菜Shandongcuisine川菜Sichuancuisine粵菜Cantoncuisine揚(yáng)州菜Yangzhoucuisine月餅mooncake年糕ricecake油條deep-frieddoughsticks豆?jié){soybeanmilk饅頭steamedbuns花卷steamedtwistedrolls包子steamedstuffedbuns北京烤鴨Beijingroastduck2023/2/161拉面hand-stretchednoodles餛飩wonton(dumplingsinsoup)豆腐tofu?beancurd麻花frieddoughtwist燒餅clayovenrolls皮蛋100-yearegg;centuryegg蛋炒飯friedricewithegg糖葫蘆tomatoesonsticks火鍋hotpot長(zhǎng)城theGreatWallofChina烽火臺(tái)beacontower秦士臺(tái)皇陵theMausoleumofEmperorQinshihuang兵馬俑TerracottaWarriorsandHorses大雁塔BigWildGoosePagoda絲綢之路theSilkRoad敦煌莫高窟M(jìn)ogaoGrottoes華清池HuaqingHotSprings2023/2/162五臺(tái)山"WutaiMountain九華山JiuhuaMountain蛾眉山MountEmei泰山MountTai黃山MountHuangshan;theYellowMountain故宮theImperialPalace天壇theTempleofHeaven午門(mén)MeridianGate大運(yùn)河GrandCanal護(hù)城河theMoat回音壁EchoWall居庸關(guān)JuyongguanPass九龍壁theNineDragonWall黃帝陵theMausoleumofEmperorHuangdi十三陵theMingTombs蘇州園林Suzhougardens西湖WestLake九寨溝JiuzhaigouValley日月潭SunMoonLake2023/2/163布達(dá)拉宮PotalaPalace鼓樓drumtower四合院quadrangle;courtyardcomplex孔廟ConfuciusTemple樂(lè)山大佛LeshanGiantBuddha十八羅漢theEighteenDisciplesoftheBuddha喇嘛L(fēng)ama2023/2/164英語(yǔ)四級(jí)段落翻譯常用詞匯:中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總需求aggregatedemand總供給aggregatesupply企業(yè)文化corporate/entrepreneurialculture企業(yè)形象corporateimage(Cl);enterpriseimage跨國(guó)公司cross-nationalcorporation創(chuàng)業(yè)精神enterprisingspirit;pioneeringspirit外資企業(yè)foreign-fundedenterprise獵頭公司head-hunter假日經(jīng)濟(jì)holidayeconomy人力資本humancapital航空和航天工業(yè)aerospaceindustry飛機(jī)制造工業(yè)aircraftindustry電子工業(yè)electronicindustry汽車(chē)制造工業(yè)carindustry娛樂(lè)業(yè)entertainmentindustry2023/2/165信息產(chǎn)業(yè)informationindustry知識(shí)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)knowledge-intensiveindustry國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)largeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprises輕工業(yè)lightindustry博彩業(yè)lotteryindustry制造業(yè)manufacturingindustry壟斷行業(yè)monopolyindustries市場(chǎng)多元化marketdiversification市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)marketeconomy市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管marketsupervision購(gòu)買(mǎi)力purchasingpower2023/2/166牛市bullmarket城鎮(zhèn)化urbanization房地產(chǎn)realestate首付down-payment業(yè)主homeowner個(gè)人購(gòu)房貸款individualhousingloan經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化economicglobalization經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)specialeconomiczones(SEZ)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)economicgrowth泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomy關(guān)稅tariff納稅人taxpayer宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)macroeconomy貨幣投放量thesizeofmoneysupply流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩excessliquidity2023/2/167經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱overheatedeconomy通貨膨脹inflation抑制通貨膨脹curbinflation注入流動(dòng)性toinjectliquidity貼現(xiàn)率discountrate存款準(zhǔn)備金率reserverequirementratio(RRR)公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)openmarketoperation(OMO)逆回購(gòu)reverserepurchaseagreement;reverserepo引導(dǎo)降低市場(chǎng)借貸成本toguidethemarketborrowingcoststoalowerlevel穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策prudentmonetarypolicy微調(diào)貨幣政策tofine-tunemonetarypolicy硬著陸hardlanding軟著陸softlanding二十國(guó)集團(tuán)GroupofTwenty(G2O)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)FinanceMinister2023/2/168全年預(yù)期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)theexpectedgrowthtargetforthewholeyear經(jīng)濟(jì)活力economicvitality大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃amassiveeconomicstimuluspackage結(jié)構(gòu)改革structuralreform硬資產(chǎn)hardassets軟資產(chǎn)softassets有形資產(chǎn)tangibleassets經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊economiccorridor整頓市場(chǎng)秩序torectifythemarketorder反壟斷antitrust;anti-monopoly定價(jià)浮動(dòng)pricefluctuations謀求利益最大化tomaximizeprofit債務(wù)審計(jì)auditofdebt地方性政府債務(wù)localgovernmentdebt/liability公共財(cái)政體制改革anoverhaulofthepublicfinancesystem債務(wù)管理debtmanagement信用支持creditsupport2023/2/169英語(yǔ)四級(jí)段落翻譯常用詞匯:中國(guó)社會(huì)多元文化論culturalpluralism文化適應(yīng)acculturation社會(huì)保障socialsecurity班車(chē)shuttlebus相定遷戶(hù)arelocatedunitorhousehold大齡青年singleyouthabovethenormalmatrimonialage獨(dú)生子女theonlychildinafamily單親singleparent福利彩票welfarelotteries家政服務(wù)householdmanagementservice民工migrantlaborers名人celebrity農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力surplusrurallabor/laborers青春期puberty全民健身運(yùn)動(dòng)nationwidefitnesscampaign全國(guó)人口普查nationwidecensus2023/2/170性騷擾sexualharassment走私smuggling性別歧視gender/sexualdiscrimination年齡歧視agediscrimination工作歧視jobdiscrimination享樂(lè)主義hedonism文盲illiteracy貧富分化disparitybetweentherichandthepoor盜版pirated/illegalcopies一國(guó)兩制OneCountry,TwoSystems三個(gè)代表theThreeRepresentsTheory兩會(huì)(人大、政協(xié))TwoConferences(NPCandCPPCC)南南合作South-SouthCooperation南北對(duì)話(huà)North-SouthDialog人大常委會(huì)People’sCongressStandingCommittee法制觀(guān)念awarenessoflaw法制國(guó)家acountrywithanadequatelegalsystem改革開(kāi)放reformandopening-up2023/2/171公務(wù)員civils
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