【原創(chuàng)】高三虛擬語氣公開課

2023/2/2虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMood(I)虛擬語氣在英語中，表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測，要用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣可以用于條件狀語從句、也可用于名詞性從句和固定句型等.本節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)if條件從句表示現(xiàn)在，將來和過去情況的虛擬語氣的用法。【觀察體會】請看下圖及對話，體會表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬語氣的用法。A:Whydon’tourgrandchildrenvisitusmoreoften?B:Theydon’thaveenoughtime.Iftheyhadmoretime,theywouldvisitusmoreoften.2023/2/2A:IwonderwhyFredworkssohard.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustlikehisjob.A:Ifhedidn’tlikehisjob,hewouldn’t

worksohard.【觀察體會】請看下圖及對話，體會表示過去的虛擬語氣的用法。A:Whydidn’tPetertakehisumbrellatoworktoday?B:Hedidn’tknowitwasgoingtorain.Ifhehadknownitwasgoingtorain,hewouldhavetakenhisumbrellatowork.一、虛擬語氣用于if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣e.g.IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.1）與現(xiàn)在事實相反

if條件從句

主句

if+主

+

一般過去時（be多用于were）

主would/should/could/might＋動詞原形What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

won

thelottery,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.IfI

got

somuchmoney,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey_____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenc.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask

2）與過去事實相反

if條件從句

主句

if+主

+

haddone(過去完成時）

主would/should/could/might＋havedone

Ifhe_________(see)youyesterday,he____________________(return)yourbook.如果他昨天見到了你，他就會還你的書的。hadseen

wouldhavereturnedIfhe__________(drive)morecarefully,he_________________(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI__________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtc.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneIfyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

與將來事實相反

如果他成功了，一切就會好起來。

3）與將來事實相反

if條件從句

主句

If+主+

一般過去時（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodo

主would/should/could/might＋動詞原形

Ifhe____________,what_______wesaytohim.假如他來了,我們對他說什么呢？Ifhe___________me,he_____________me.

假如他看見我,就會認(rèn)識我。

shouldwereto

comeshouldseewould

knowa.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupc.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe主從句的謂語形式含義If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+

V.(原)werehadwerewereshouldSummary與過去事實相反與將來事實相反

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldn’thavemissedthebus.__________________,youwouldn’thavemissedthebus.如果條件句中有were,had,should

等這些詞,可將if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,來表達(dá)以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的相同意思。注意二.虛擬語氣的倒裝Hadyoucomeearlier

二.虛擬語氣的倒裝Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifitshould/weretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.

三、主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間,這時主從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。（錯綜時間條件句）e.g.Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.

例句中從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。Ifhe_________(notmiss)

thetrain,

he_____________(arrive)herethen.比較Ifhe_________(notmiss)

thetrain

yesterday,he_________(arrive)herenow.wouldhavearrivedhadn’tmissedwouldarrivehadn’tmissed

鞏固thenIfthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.如果這兩位微笑著的飛行員現(xiàn)在不轉(zhuǎn)過頭的話，可怕的事情將會發(fā)生。Ifthetwosmilingpilotsdidn’tturnaroundnow,aterriblethingwouldhappen.Iftheyhadn’tdonesuchastupidthing,theywouldn’tgethurtnow.

如果他們不干這種傻事的話，現(xiàn)在也不會受傷了。IfIhadstudiedEnglishwellatschool,Iwouldgetthejobnow.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)好英語的話，我現(xiàn)在就可以得到這份工作了。根據(jù)語境或括號內(nèi)的提示，用虛擬語氣完成下列對話。1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________