中英思維方式對(duì)比PPT

中英思維方式對(duì)比

語(yǔ)言————思維方式

體現(xiàn)反作用思維方式：中VS英

中國(guó)思維形象思維本體思維順向思維重整體偏綜合性思維重直覺(jué)“悟性”直線思維重倫理英美思維邏輯思維客體思維逆向思維重個(gè)體偏分析性思維重實(shí)證曲線思維重認(rèn)知中國(guó)：Figurativethinking尚像—偏重形象起源：象形文字英美：Logicalthinking尚思—偏重抽象起源：腓尼基字母胸有成竹：Tohaveabambooinone’schestTohaveawellthought-outplan水深火熱的生活：LeadalifeindeepwaterandhotfireLeadalifeforextremehardship小伙子年輕年輕漂亮，腦子里卻是一張白紙。Aniceenoughyoungfellow,youunderstand,nothingupstairs.我軍勢(shì)如破竹，打得敵軍落花流水。Ourarmywonasmoothandoverwhelmingvictory.三個(gè)人品字式坐下，隨便談了幾句。Thethreemensatdownfacingeachotherandbegancasuallychatting.聰明人防患于未然，愚蠢者臨渴掘井。Wisdompreparestheworst,butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.形象思維：具體形象的詞——抽象事物——借物言志抽象思維：抽象名詞——具體事物——指稱意義實(shí)明直顯象虛暗泛隱曲《秋思》—馬致遠(yuǎn)枯藤老樹(shù)昏鴉小橋流水人家古道西風(fēng)瘦馬O’eroldtreewreathedwithrottenflyeveningcrows;’Neathtinybridgebesideaclearstreamflows;Onancientroadinwesternbreezealeanhorsegoes;----許淵沖譯《商山早行》--溫庭筠雞聲茅店月人跡板橋霜Thecockcrowsasthemoonseto’erthatchedinn;Footprintsareleftonwoodbridgepavedwithfrost.

許淵沖譯中國(guó)：本體型思維以人為中心來(lái)觀察、分析、推理和研究事物的思維方式英美：客體型思維把客觀自然界作為觀察、分析、推理和研究的中心本體VS客體思維Shehasbeenawidowonlysixmonths.譯1：她只當(dāng)了6個(gè)月的寡婦。譯2：她的丈夫死了至今不過(guò)半年。Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，一點(diǎn)腳步聲也沒(méi)有。本體VS客體思維我想到了：這是只熟鳥(niǎo)，也許自幼養(yǎng)在籠中。Itoccurstomethatitmustbeatamebird.他贏錢(qián)贏得那么多，無(wú)怪乎眼紅的人，賭輸?shù)娜?，有時(shí)說(shuō)起這件事情便發(fā)牢騷。Hissuccessesweresorepeatedthatnowondertheenviousandthevanquishedspokesometimeswithbitternessregardingthem.順向思維VS逆向思維中國(guó)：面向著過(guò)去來(lái)區(qū)分時(shí)間先后“前”—過(guò)去的時(shí)間“后”-未來(lái)的時(shí)間英美：面向著未來(lái)過(guò)去：Back,after,past將來(lái)：Forward,before,futureThemotherisnotthere,shetookoffafewyearsback.------TheLoons登幽州臺(tái)歌前不見(jiàn)古人，后不見(jiàn)來(lái)者，念天地之悠悠，獨(dú)愴然而淚下

OnclimbingtheToweratYouzhouWherethesagesofthepast,Andthoseoffutureyears,Skyandearthforeverlast,Lonely,Ishedsadtears.順向VS逆向思維您先請(qǐng)九五折自學(xué)東北西南鋼鐵工業(yè)水火不容不管晴雨Afteryou!AfivepercentdiscountSelf-taughtNortheastsouthwestIronandsteelindustryAsincompatibleasfireandwaterRainorshine中國(guó)：重整體偏重綜合性（從多到一）對(duì)稱與和諧語(yǔ)法的隱含性句法的意合性詞義的籠統(tǒng)與模糊性英美：重個(gè)體偏重分析性思維（由一到多）語(yǔ)法的外顯性句法的形合性詞義的具體性重整體VS重個(gè)體

起源——造字法中國(guó)：形聲造字法英美：”原子主義“=原子核+核外電子”木”旁：松柏桃李樹(shù)林Pine，cypress，peach，plum，tree，forest“水“旁：江河湖泊海洋深淺

river，lake，sea，ocean，deep，shallow綜合性VS分析性春花含苞待放,綠葉緩緩舒展,溪水潺潺流淌,歡樂(lè)的春天涌動(dòng)著無(wú)限的追求和希望,這一切難以用語(yǔ)言傾訴表達(dá)。Springhassomuchmorethanspeechinitsunfoldingflowersandleaves,andthecoursingofitsstreams,andinitssweetrestlessseeking!(JohnGalesworthyTheAppleTree)對(duì)稱與和諧生存在功利社會(huì)，奔波勞頓，勾心斗角，若想做到從心所欲，難哉兮！Inabusinesssociety,wherepeoplerunaboutinpursuitofpersonalgainsattheexpenseofothers,itisreallydifficulttodoasyouplease.對(duì)稱與和諧善欲人見(jiàn)，不是真善；惡恐人知，便是大惡。Agooddeedisnogooddeedifitisdoneforshow.Anevilisalltheworseifitiscoveredup

時(shí)(tense)體(aspect)語(yǔ)態(tài)(voice)語(yǔ)氣(mood)我完全被吸引住了，死死地盯著看，一個(gè)同伴問(wèn)我是不是認(rèn)識(shí)這肖像。我就在想，除了幾個(gè)我認(rèn)識(shí)的人外，我肯定是唯一知道的人了。Iwastotallyarrested,andasIstoodgazingonit,mycompanionaskedmeifIknewthewhoitwas.Iwasthinkingthat,beyondafewwhomcouldname,Imustbealmosttheonlypersonwhocouldknow.語(yǔ)法的隱形VS顯性意合VS形合意合—靠句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系形合---靠語(yǔ)言本身AndItakeheartfromthefactthattheenemies,whoboastthattheycanoccupythestrategicpointinacoupleofhours,havenotyetbeenabletotakeeventheoutlyingregions,becauseofthestiffresistancethatgetsintheway.由于受到頑強(qiáng)抵抗，吹噓能在幾小時(shí)就能占領(lǐng)戰(zhàn)略要地的敵人甚至還沒(méi)能占領(lǐng)外圍地帶，這一事實(shí)使我增強(qiáng)了信心。詞義的朦朧VS具體漢語(yǔ)詞義較籠統(tǒng)，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義較具體

“車來(lái)了”Herecomesthe…”車＝bus,minibus,lorry,taxi,bike,motorcycle…“借我一支筆”筆＝pen,ballpen,pencil,apieceofchalk,colorpen直覺(jué)VS實(shí)證中國(guó)：重直覺(jué)，”悟性“，”天人合一“英美：重實(shí)證，理性知識(shí)，”天人相分1）熱得我滿身大汗。Theheatmademesweat.Iwassweatingallover.2）不堅(jiān)持，就會(huì)失敗。Onewillfailunlessonepreserves.直線思維VS曲線思維Itisatruth

universallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.(J.Austen,Prideandprejudice)凡是有錢(qián)的單身漢,總想娶個(gè)太太,這是一條舉世公認(rèn)的真理。直線思維VS曲線思維Soccerisaverydifficultsport

.(1)Aplayermustbeabletorunsteadilywithoutrest.(2)Sometimesaplayermusthittheballwithhisorherhead.(3)Playersmustbewillingtobangintoandbebangedintobyothers.(4)Theymustputupwithachingfeetandsoremuscles.

重倫理VS認(rèn)知中國(guó)：重倫理，集體主義，”大