英語新設(shè)計版必修五講義unit1periodone

Unit1GreatscientistsTuYouyou，borninZhejiangin1930，isthechiefprofessorattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalahighschoolstudent，sheshowedgreatinterestin1951，shewasadmittedintoPekingUniversity，whereshestudiedsohardthatshewaswellthoughtofbymanyteachersandgraduationin1955，shehasbeendevotedtostudyingtraditionalChinesemedicineandmodernwestern2011，shewontheLaskerAwardfordiscoveringartemisinin(青蒿素)，whichhassavedmillionsofyearslater，shewontheNobelPrizeandbecamethefirstChinesewomantoreceivethisofusChineseareproudofherandherachievement，forshehasmadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofmedicineintheandhercolleaguesconductedresearchthatledtothediscoveryofartemisinin.Artemisinin－baseddrugsarenowthestandardtreatmentformalaria(瘧疾).Thecommitteesaidthediscoverieshavegiventheworldpowerfulnewwaystofighttwopowerfulsaidthosediseasesaffecthundredsofmillionsofpeopleeveryyerapidprogressincontrollingmalariainthepastdecade，themosquito－bornediseasestillkillsmorethanhalfamillionpeopleayearinthepoorestpartsofcommitteeaddedthat，“Theresultsintermsofimprovinghumanhealthandreducingsufferingareimmeasurable.”AmemberoftheNobelcommitteesaidthattheawardforTuYouyouistheresultofagreatchangeinthewayChinaperformsscientificresearch.詞海拾貝1.beadmittedinto被……錄取2.bedevotedtodoing……3.beproudof自豪，高興；以……而驕傲4.makeagreatcontributionto...對……做出巨大貢獻5.leadto導(dǎo)致；通向6.intermsof在……方面；依據(jù)，按照7.immeasurableadj.無限的；不可計量的PeriodOneWarmingUp&ReadingⅠ.單詞檢測1.scientificadj.科學(xué)的sciencen.科學(xué)scientistn.科學(xué)家2.concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束3.defeatvt.打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；n.失敗4.expertadj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的；n.專家；行家5.attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加6.physiciann.醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師physicaladj.身體的；肉體的7.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光8.curen.治愈；痊愈；vt.治療；治愈9.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)；vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)10.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心absorbedadj.專心致志的11.suspectvt.懷疑；認(rèn)為；n.嫌疑犯；被懷疑者12.severeadj.嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)厲的13.blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；n.過失；責(zé)備14.pollutevt.污染；弄臟pollutionn.污染15.handlen.柄；把手；vt.處理；操縱16.announcevt.宣布；通告announcementn.宣布；通告17.instructvt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)instructionn.命令；指示18.foreseevt.預(yù)見；預(yù)知Ⅱ.短語默寫1.putforward提出2.drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論3.expose...to使顯露；暴露4.link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來5.betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)6.neither...nor...既不……也不……7.facethechallenge面對挑戰(zhàn)8.slowdown減緩9.o...把……吸入到……10.bereadytodo...準(zhǔn)備做……閱讀清障①defeat/dI'fi?t/vt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫；n.失?、趀xpert/'eksp??t/adj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗或知識豐富的；n.專家；行家③attend/?'tend/vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加④physician/fI'zI?n/n.醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師※so...that“如此……以至于”，so在此修飾形容詞expert。破折號后的內(nèi)容進一步解釋前面的doctor。⑤inspired/In'spaI?d/adj.感到振奮的，受到鼓舞的⑥expose/Ik'sp??z/vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光expose...to使顯露；暴露※when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，exposedtocholera在此作后置定語，修飾ordinarypeople。⑦deadly/'dedlI/adj.致命的⑧cure/kj??/n.治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治療※neither...nor...(既不……也不……)連接兩個并列名詞詞組作主語。當(dāng)neither...nor...連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要遵循就近一致原則。⑨t(yī)errified/'terIfaId/adj.恐懼，很害怕⑩outbreak/'a?tbreIk/n.爆發(fā)；發(fā)作(尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭)※everytime“每次”，起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。?challenge/'t??lInd?/n.挑戰(zhàn)；vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)※that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中又含有until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句?！鵷hat引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞twotheories，定語從句中又含有how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其作explained的賓語。?multiply/'m?ltIplaI/vi.繁殖；增殖※suggested在此處意為“間接表明，暗示”，后面的從句不用虛擬語氣。?victim/'vIktIm/n.受害者?absorb/?b'z??b/vt.吸收；吸引；使專心※過去分詞affected在此作前置定語，表示“受疾病侵襲的”。?suspect/s?'spekt/vt.認(rèn)為；懷疑/'s?spekt/n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯※本句為并列句，but連接兩個并列分句，第一個分句中含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句作suspected的賓語。?hit/hIt/vt.打擊，危害；攻擊，襲擊?enquiry/In'kwaI?rI/n.詢問；調(diào)查※as在此引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……的時候”。?severe/sI'vI?/adj.嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的?markv.做標(biāo)記※where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞theexactplaces，并在從句中作地點狀語。?clue/klu?/n.線索；提示eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))pump/p?mp/n.泵；抽水機；vt.(用泵)抽(水)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))foresee/f??'si?/vt.(foresaw，foreseen)預(yù)見；預(yù)知eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))further/'f??e?/adj.更進一步的eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))investigation/In?vestI'ɡeI?n/n.調(diào)查investigate/In?vestIɡeIt/vt.&vi.調(diào)查eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))blame/bleIm/vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；n.過失※Itseemed/seemsthat...“看來……”，這是一個常用句型。wastoblame表示“對……負(fù)有責(zé)任”，不定式toblame用主動形式表示被動意義。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))lookinto調(diào)查，審查※that引導(dǎo)的從句作found的賓語，從句中過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾theriver。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))handle/'h?ndl/n.柄；把手；vt.處理；操縱※sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))slowdown放慢速度，減緩eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))germ/d?з?m/n.微生物；細(xì)菌eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))supporting/s?'p??tI?/adj.能確證的supportingevidence有力的證據(jù)eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))belinkedto與……有關(guān)link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系起來※that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞twootherdeaths。※who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞awoman?！鵶o...that...表示“如此……以至于……”；haditdelivered為“havesthdone”結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))announce/?'na?ns/vt.宣布；通告eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))withcertainty確信地(作狀語)certainty/’sз?tntI/n.確信；確實※that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但在從句中不作成分?！鶆釉~不定式短語作目的狀語；prevent...(from)doing表示“阻止……做……”。※suggested在此表示“建議”，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用的是虛擬語氣，從句謂語為beexamined，be前面省略了should。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))instruct/In'str?kt/vt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)instructdo原文呈現(xiàn)JOHNSNOWDEFEATS①“KINGCHOLERA”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert②，indeed，thatheattended③QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician④.Buthebecameinspired⑤whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedto⑥cholera.Thiswasthedeadly⑦diseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscure⑧wasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrified⑨peoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak⑩.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallenge?andsolvethisknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultiplied?intheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims?.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbed?thisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.JohnSnowsuspected?thatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.Sowhenanotheroutbreakhit?Londonin1854，hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry?.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods，hebegantogathertwoparticularstreets，thecholeraoutbreakwassosevere?thatmorethan500peoplediedintenwasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Firsthemarked?onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclue?aboutthecauseoftheofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))inBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16，37，38and40).Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnohadnotforeseeneq\o(○,\s\up1(22))this，sohemadefurthereq\o(○,\s\up1(23))investigationseq\o(○,\s\up1(24)).Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7Cambridgehadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblameeq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Next，JohnSnowlookedintoeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))thesourceofthewaterforthesetwofoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandleeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))fromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddowneq\o(○,\s\up1(28)).Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermseq\o(○,\s\up1(29))andnotinacloudofgas.InanotherpartofLondon，hefoundsupportingeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))evidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))theBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman，whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet，likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.BothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthethisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannounceeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))withcertaintyeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))thatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain，JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.Thewatercompanieswereinstructedeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))nottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranyy“KingCholera”wasdefeated.課文譯文約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。霍亂在當(dāng)時是致命的疾病。人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。所以每次霍亂暴發(fā)時，就有成千上萬對之感到害怕的人病死。約翰·斯諾想面對這個挑戰(zhàn)并解決這個問題。他知道直到找到病源，霍亂才能被控制住。他對兩種可能解釋霍亂如何致人死亡的看法產(chǎn)生了興趣。第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖。一股危險的氣體到處飄動，直到找到它的受害者為止。第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。疾病從胃里迅速侵及全身，患者很快就死亡了。約翰·斯諾認(rèn)為第二種看法是正確的，但是他需要證據(jù)。因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發(fā)霍亂時，他就準(zhǔn)備開始他的調(diào)查。當(dāng)霍亂在貧民區(qū)迅速蔓延時，他就開始收集資料。(他發(fā)現(xiàn))在兩條特別的街上這種疫情很嚴(yán)重，以至于10天之內(nèi)有500多人死去。他決定查明原因。首先他在一張地圖上標(biāo)記了所有死者曾經(jīng)住過的精確地點。這給他提供了一條關(guān)于該疾病病因的有價值的線索。許多死者生前住在寬街的水泵附近(特別是16、37、38和40號)。他還發(fā)現(xiàn)有些住宅區(qū)(如寬街上的20號和21號以及劍橋大街上的8號和9號)卻無人死亡。他(之前)沒預(yù)測到這種情況，所以他做了更進一步的調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)這些人都在劍橋大街7號的酒館里工作。酒館免費給他們提供啤酒，因此他們沒有喝過從(寬街)水泵里抽上來的水?？磥硭亲锟?zhǔn)?。接下來，約翰·斯諾調(diào)查了這兩條街的水源情況。他發(fā)現(xiàn)水是從河里來的，而河水被從倫敦排放的臟水污染了。他馬上叫寬街上驚訝的人們拆掉水泵的把手，這樣，水泵就不能用了。不久，疫情得到了緩解。他證明了霍亂是由病菌而不是由氣團傳播的。在倫敦的另一個地區(qū)，他從兩個與寬街暴發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她非常喜歡從那個水泵里抽上來的水，因此每天都要讓人把水運到她家。她和她的女兒喝了這種水后，都得霍亂死了。有了這個額外的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布被污染了的水帶有(霍亂)病菌。為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。自來水公司接到了指令，不能再讓人們接觸到被污染的水。最后，“霍亂王”被打敗了。Ⅰ.Readthetextandcompletethetopicsentencesofeachparagraph.1.IntroductionofJohnSnowandcholera.Two2.theoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.JohnSnowstudiedthe3.outbreakin1854totestthetwotheories.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthe4.causeofthedisease.Thewaterwasto5.blame.Withextraevidence，JohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythat6.pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.“KingCholera”was7.defeated.Ⅱ.True(T)orFalse(F).1.Cholerawouldneverbecontrolledevenifitscausewasfound.(F)2.Thediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyfromthestomachandsoontheaffectedpersondied.(T)3.JohnSnowbegantocollecttheinformationbeforethediseasespread.(F)4.Intwoparticularstreets，over500peoplediedin10dayswhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854.(T)5.DeathsofthewomanandherdaughterwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.(T)Ⅲ.Choosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowushowdifficultitwastofindacureforcholera.B.TotellushowSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraandthecureforit.C.Toshowushowdifficultitwastocarryoutexperimentsatthattime.D.Totellusthewaycholeraspreadandhowseriousitwas.答案B2.JohnSnowfinallyprovedthetheoryhebelievedby.A.gatheringinformationwiththehelpofamapB.lookingintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreetC.separatingthosewhosufferedcholerafromthosewhodidn’tD.bothAandB答案D3.WhattheorydidJohnSnowbelieveinabouthowcholerakilledpeople?A.Peoplebreathedintheaircontainingthevirusofcholera.B.Peopledrankthebeerpollutedbythedirtywater.C.Peopleabsorbedthevirusintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.D.JohnSnowdidn’tbelieveanything.答案C4.WhatwastoblameforthecauseofcholeraaccordingtotheinvestigationofJohnSnow?A.Pollutedwater.B.Pollutedair.C.Poormedicalcondition.D.Notdrinkingtoomuchbeer.答案A5.Whywascholeracalled“KingCholera”inthetext?A.Becausecholeracausedmanydeaths.B.BecauseitgotitsnamefromQueenVictoria.C.Becausecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.D.Becauseitwasdefeatedwiththehelpoftheking.答案CⅣ.Analysethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.句式分析：該句為復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞theories；how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。自主翻譯：他(斯諾)對霍亂致人死亡的兩種推測都很感興趣。2.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.句式分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，句中“exposedtocholera”為過去分詞短語作后置定語。自主翻譯：但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通老百姓時，他就感到很振奮。3.Awoman，whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet，likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.句式分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“awoman”；that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，構(gòu)成“so...that...如此……以至于……”結(jié)構(gòu)。自主翻譯：有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡水泵里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家里來。4.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain，JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.句式分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。逗號前面的不定式短語作目的狀語。that引導(dǎo)suggest的賓語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用(should)＋動詞原形。自主翻譯：為了防止這種情況的再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。1.conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束[語境感悟](1)(教材P1)Drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論(2)Inconclusion，Iwouldliketothankallthepeoplepresentatthemeetingtoday.最后我想感謝今天所有參加會議的人。(3)ThemeetingconcludedwithTheInternationalatteno’clock.會議于十點鐘在《國際歌》中結(jié)束。[歸納拓展](1)inconclusion最后，總之a(chǎn)rriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論(2)concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclude...by/with...以……結(jié)束conclude...from...從……中推斷出……[名師點津]除inconclusion外，寫作時還常常用到下面短語作為全文總結(jié)語：①inshort②inaword③inbrief④allinall⑤tosumup⑥briefly(speaking)⑦onthewhole[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Whatconclusion(conclude)didyoucometo?②Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend，makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.③Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?④Ifinditdifficulttodrawaconclusion.2.defeatvt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫；n.失敗[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”(2)Thenewsthathehasbeendefeatedintheelectionisnottrue.他落選的消息不真實。(3)Thecoachtriedtoanalysethecauseofourdefeat.教練努力分析我們失敗的原因。[易混辨析]defeat/beat/win(1)defeat和beat屬一組同義詞，它們的賓語常為sb.，team，school等參賽者或單位，表示“擊敗某人或某個參賽單位”。(2)win賓語常為game，match，battle，prize等詞，表示“贏得比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品等”。[即時跟蹤](1)用defeat，beat或win的適當(dāng)形式填空①Yesterday，Idefeated/beatJohnatwononlyoneset，whileIwontwosets.(2)一句多譯②這一次我們的足球隊?wèi)?zhàn)勝了他們的足球隊。Ourfootballteamdefeatedtheirsthistime.(defeat)＝Ourfootballteambeattheirsthistime.(beat)3.attendvt.照顧，護理；出席，參加；專心于……，注意[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert，indeed，thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。(2)Allchildrenbetweentheagesof6－16mustattendschool.所有6～16歲的孩子必須上學(xué)。(3)Sheattended(on/upon)thatinjuredpolicemandayandnight.她日夜照顧那位負(fù)傷的警察。[歸納拓展]attendameeting/alecture/school/church參加會議/聽報告/上學(xué)/做禮拜attend(on/upon)attendtosb./sth.處理；對付；照料；關(guān)懷；關(guān)心于……[即時跟蹤](1)寫出下列句中attend的含義①Thepatientsarewellattendedinthehospital.照顧；護理②Youknow，myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitywhereyoulivetoattendaninternationalmeeting.出席；參加③Attendtoyourstudyandstoptalking.專心于(2)單句語法填空④Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattend(attend)theopeningceremony.⑤Ifyoudon’tattendtoyourwork，you’llnotsucceed.4.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。(2)Keepindoorsanddon’texposeyourskintothesun.留在屋里，不要讓皮膚暴露在太陽下。(3)TheyconsideritalmostacrimetoexposechildrentoviolenceandsexonTV.他們認(rèn)為讓兒童接觸暴力和色情電視節(jié)目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。[歸納拓展]expose...to...暴露……給……；使……接觸……exposeoneselfto...使自己面臨……；使自己暴露于……beexposedto遭受到；(使)接觸到[圖解助記]漫畫趣解expose[名師點津]及物動詞expose后若無賓語，則常常使用它的被動形式。Beingexposedtostrongsunlightwilldoharmtotheplant.暴露在強光下會對這種植物有害。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Heexposedhimself(he)togreatdanger.②Takecarenottokeepyourchildrenexposed(expose)tothebadbooksandmagazines.③Don’texposethefilmtolight.④Ifyouexposeyourselftosunfortoomuchtime，youwillgetsunburnt.→Ifyouareexposedtosunfortoomuchtime，youwillgetsunburnt.(被動語態(tài))→Exposedtosunfortoomuchtime，youwillgetsunburnt.(非謂語動詞作狀語)→Beingexposedtosunfortoomuchtimewillmakeyougetsunburnt.(非謂語動詞作主語)5.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(2)Thebeautifulsceneryabsorbedtheattentionofthepassers－by.美景吸引了路人的注意。(3)Hewasabsorbedinwritingaletteranddidn’tevenlookupwhenIcamein.他在聚精會神地寫信，當(dāng)我進來時他甚至都沒有抬頭。[歸納拓展](1)o...把……吸入……absorbone’sattention吸引某人的注意absorboneselfin...全神貫注于……(2)absorbedadj.全神貫注的(be)absorbedin...全神貫注于……[圖解助記]兩圖全解absorb[名師點津]beabsorbedin(doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語、定語時，常用其過去分詞形式absorbedin...，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：①belostin...陷入……；專心致志于……②becaughtin...被困在……③beburiedin...埋頭于……④bedevotedto...致力于……；專心于……[即時跟蹤]句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Whenwecamein，theoldmanabsorbedhimselfinreadingabook.→Whenwecamein，theoldmanwasabsorbedinreadingabook.(absorbedadj.)②Becausehewasabsorbedinhiswork，hesimplyforgotfoodandsleep.→Absorbedinhiswork，hesimplyforgotfoodandsleep.(過去分詞短語作狀語)6.suspectvt.認(rèn)為；懷疑；n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.斯諾認(rèn)為第二種說法是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。(2)Thepolicesuspectedhimofhavingtakenthemoney.警察懷疑錢是他偷的。(3)Isuspecthimtobeapickpocket.我猜想他是個扒手。[歸納拓展]suspectthat...懷疑……；認(rèn)為……suspect(doing)(做)某事suspectbe...認(rèn)為某人是……[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Nobodywantstomakefriendswiththeboysuspectedofhavingstolenthemoney.②Thepolicesuspectedthatthewitnesshadgivenfalseevidence.③Fromthelookonhisface，Isuspecthimtobe(be)ill.7.blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；n.過失；責(zé)備[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?2)Youshouldn’tblameJohnforthefailure.＝Y(jié)oushouldn’tblamethefailureonJohn.你們不應(yīng)該把這次失敗怪在約翰頭上。(3)Helaid/puttheblameforhisfailureintheexamonhisteacher.他把自己考試未通過歸咎于他的老師。[歸納拓展]blamesth.因某事責(zé)備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blamebetoblame(forsth.)對(某事)負(fù)有責(zé)任，應(yīng)受責(zé)備put/laytheblamefortaketheblamefor[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空/完成句子①IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblame(blame)forMiller’saccident.②Sheblamedherhusbandforthefailureoftheirmarriage.③Thedirectorwouldblamethefailureonhisbadperformance.④Policelaid/puttheblamefortheaccidentonthecarelessdriver.警察把事故的責(zé)任歸咎于粗心的司機。⑤Ifthathappens，thecoachwilltaketheblameforit.如果發(fā)生那樣的事，教練將對此負(fù)責(zé)。8.announcevt.宣布；通告[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.有了這個特別的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染了的水?dāng)y帶著病菌。(2)Theyannouncedtheirengagementtothefamily.他們向家里宣布他們已經(jīng)訂婚了。(3)ItisannouncedthatsheisgoingtoJapannextweek.據(jù)悉下個星期她要去日本。[歸納拓展](1)announceannouncethat...宣布……Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……(2)announcementn.通知；公告；宣告makeanannouncement下通知；宣布[易混辨析]announce/declare(1)announce多指提前宣布或公開宣告大家關(guān)心的事，其后不能跟雙賓語，即不能說announcesb.sth.，可以說announcetosb.sth.。(2)declare一般指在正式場合宣布官方的立場或態(tài)度，后可跟復(fù)合賓語，還有“斷言，宣稱”之意。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Itwasannouncedthatonlywhentheterriblediseasewasundercontrolwouldtheresidentsdecidetoreturntotheirhomes.②Theprimeministerismakinganimportantannouncement(announce)atthemoment.③Heannouncedhisintentionofleavingheretous.④Thegovernmentannouncedthattheywouldpaytheirdebt.→Thegovernmentmadeanannouncementthattheywouldpaytheirdebt.(改為含有同位語從句的主從復(fù)合句)⑤Onedaywithabasketofvegetables，hemadeanannouncementtousthathewasgoingtocookadish.→Onedaywithabasketofvegetables，heannouncedtousthathewasgoingtocookadish.(改為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句)9.instructvt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)[語境感悟] (1)(教材P3)Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.自來水公司也接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被污染的水了。(2)Heinstructsaclassinhistory.他教授一個班的歷史。(3)Ihavebeeninstructedwhentostart.我已得到何時出發(fā)的通知。[歸納拓展](1)instructdoinstruct(doing)sth.給某人講授某方面的知識；指導(dǎo)某人(做)某事instruct(sb.)wh－todo(某人)……做某事(2)instructionn.教授；指導(dǎo)；指示；(pl.)用法說明(書)，操作指南underinstruction在指導(dǎo)下(3)instructiveadj.說明性的；指示性的；有教育意義的[名師點津]instruction作“指導(dǎo)；講授；教育”講時，為不可數(shù)名詞，其后常與介詞in搭配；復(fù)數(shù)instructions表示“操作指南；用法說明”，其后常與介詞on，for或about連用。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Igavetheminstruction(instruct)tofinishitbeforedark.②UnderhisinstructionIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.③I’vebeeninstructedtowait(wait)hereuntiltheteacherarrives.④Itisthemostinstructive(instruct)lecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.⑤Thestudentsneedateachertoinstructthemtopaint.→Thestudentsneedateachertoinstructtheminpainting.1.putforward提出；推薦；將……提前；把(鐘表等)向前撥[語境感悟](1)(教材P1)Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?是誰提出了關(guān)于黑洞的理論？(2)Don’tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.今日事今日畢。(3)Thefirefightersspent3hoursputtingoutthebigfire.消防員用了3個小時撲滅了大火。[歸納拓展]putupwith容忍，忍受putoff推遲；推脫，搪塞putaway存放；存儲；把……收起來putout熄滅；生產(chǎn)；公布；打擾putup舉起；張貼；建造；為……提供住宿[圖解助記][即時跟蹤](1)寫出下列句中putforward的含義①They’veputthedateoftheirweddingforwardbyoneweek.將……提前②Sheputforwardagoodsuggestionatthemeeting.提出③Yououghttoputyourwatchforwardbytenminutes.把(鐘表等)往前撥④CanIputyouforwardasourclubsecretary？推薦(2)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空⑤Mymotheropenedthedrawertoputawaytheknivesandspoons.⑥Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.⑦Anoticewasputupinordertoremindthestudentsofthechangedlecturetime.⑧Afterthequestionsbeingputforwardonebyone，ouractionsgofurtherandfurther，untilwegetagoodcommandofitatlast.2.link...to/with...將……與……聯(lián)系或連接起來[語境感悟](1)(教材P3)InanotherpartofLondon，hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在倫敦的另一個地區(qū)，他從另外兩個在寬街爆發(fā)的與霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力的證據(jù)。(2)ThenewtunnellinksBritaintoFrance.新的隧道把英法兩國連接起來。(3)AnewfreewaywillbebuilttolinkupourcitywithWuhan.一條連接我市與武漢的高速公路即將修建。[歸納拓展]link...to/with...將……與……聯(lián)系或連接起來linkup(with)(與……)連接；結(jié)合belinkedto/with與……有聯(lián)系[即時跟蹤]句型轉(zhuǎn)換Whatskillscanyouofferthatarerelevanttothisjob?→Whatskillscanyouofferthatarelinkedto/withthisjob?1.neither...nor...[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。(2)Itisneithertoohotnortoocoldinwinterhere.這里冬天既不太熱也不太冷。(3)Heneitherknowsnorcareswhathappened.他對所發(fā)生的事不聞不問。[歸納拓展](1)neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，用來連接兩個并列成分；如果連接兩個主語，謂語動詞采取就近一致原則。(2)使用就近原則的還有：either...or...或者……或者……；notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……；...or...……或者……；not...but...不是……而是……[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Neithermyparentsnormysisterlikes(like)swimming.②NotonlyhebutalsoIam(be)goingtoChina.③Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsis(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.2.名詞短語引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次霍亂爆發(fā)時，就有成千上萬的驚恐的老百姓病死。(2)Besuretocallonusnexttimeyoucome.你下次來時一定來看我們。(3)Themomenthegotoutoftheairport，thepopstarwassurroundedbyhisfans.這位著名的歌星一出飛機場，就被歌迷圍住了。[歸納拓展]教材原句中everytime是名詞短語，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“每次……時”。除此之外，某些表達(dá)時間的名詞詞組也可直接充當(dāng)連詞，即“名詞連詞化現(xiàn)象”。常見的有：(1)不定代詞＋time如：anytime，eachtime...(2)序數(shù)詞＋time如：thefirst/lasttime...(3)the＋瞬間名詞如：theminute/moment/instant...(4)the＋時間名詞如：theday/night/month/time...[即時跟蹤]完成句子①Thefirsttimeyoutakepartinarace，itisverynormaltofeeltense.第一次參加比賽時，你感到緊張是很正常的。②IrecognizedMikethemoment/minute/instantIsawhim.我一看見邁克就認(rèn)出了他。3.suggest引導(dǎo)的賓語從句[語境感悟](1)(教材P2)Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖。(2)(教材P3)Topreventthisfromhappeningagain，JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。[歸納拓展]句(1)中的suggest意為“暗示，表明”，其后所接的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，要用陳述語氣。句(2)中的suggest意為“建議，提議”，其后的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，其中should可省略。[名師點津](1)suggest后不接雙賓語，可表達(dá)為suggesttosb.that...。(2)suggest后接動詞時，要用動詞的－ing形式，不接不定式。(3)suggestion表示“建議”時，其后的表語從句、同位語從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。[即時跟蹤]單句語法填空①Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eat(eat)outforachangethisweekend.②Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheis(be)ill.③Mysuggestionisthathe(should)tell(tell)hisparentsaboutit.④Myfriendsuggestedgetting(get)ajobinabank.⑤Itwasamagazinearticlethatsuggestedtheideatome.⑥WesuggesttoherthatweshouldgoonapicnicthefollowingSunday.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Iamtoblame(blame)forhislateness.2.AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeenputforward，thusleadingtoaheateddiscussionamongthescientists.3.Beforedrawingaconclusion(conclude)，youshoulddolotsofresearches.4.Hecametomyclasseveryweek，buthisattitudesuggestedhewas(be)notreallyinterestedinthesubject.5.Isitannouncedwhentheracewillbegin?6.Theyhaddefeated(defeat)theirenemiesbeforetheycouldgethelp.7.Withtheteacherinstructing(instruct)them，thestudentshavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.8.Oneofthechallenges(challenge)hehasacceptedistoswimacrosstheriver.Ⅱ.選詞填空tcure，putforward，blame...for，drawaconclusion，beexposedto，link...to/with，attendto，beabsorbedin，putforward1.Don’tkeepyourskinexposedtothesunlightdirectly.2.Hewastoblameforthehewasblamedforit.3.Beingabsorbedinhernewnovels，theyoungwriterkeptthinkingandwritingforadozenhoursinherstudy.4.Wemusthelptocurehimofstealing.5.Don’t’llattendtothematter.6.Inthemeeting，weputforwardsomeadviceonhowtoimproveourwork.7.Fromwhattheyhadsaid，wedrewaconclusionthatweshouldclosethewindowandlockthedoorintime.8.Fingerprintslinkedthesuspectto/withthecase.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Allofthemsuggestedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.他們都建議立刻開始工作。2.Atthebeginning，learningEnglishseemedsodifficultthatIwantedtogiveupwithouteventrying.起初，學(xué)英語看上去那么難以至于我甚至還沒嘗試就想放棄。3.NeitherhenorIhavefreetime.他沒有閑功夫，我也沒有閑功夫。4.Whenever/Nomatterwhen(heis)absorbedinreadingbooks，hedoesn’tlikebeingdisturbed.無論何時他全神貫注地看書，都不喜歡被打擾。5.Shespedhomethemomentshewastoldthatherhusbandfellillsuddenly.剛一聽說丈夫突然病倒，她便馬上奔回家去了。Ⅰ.語境填詞A)根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出所缺單詞1.Heconcluded(得出結(jié)論)，fromtheevidence，thatshehadstolenthemoney.2.Itwasasoundstrategytodefeat(打敗)theenemy.3.Theyhadaquietafewfriendsattendedit.4.Thatunfortunateremarkexposed(暴露)hisignoranceofthesubject.5.Iwasimpressedbyherwayofhandlingtheaffair.B)在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式6.Theyplannedtoorganizeascientific(science)expedition.7.Heartdiseasecanbelinkedtosmoking.8.Whendeeplyabsorbed(absorb)inwork，asheoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.9.Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.10.Neitherhenorhisparentsare(be)goingtotravelthisholidayfortheyareallbusy.Ⅱ.課文語法填空J(rèn)ohnSnow，awell－knowndoctorinLondon，became1.inspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho2.wereexposed(expose)tocholera，a3.deadly(dead)diseaseofhisthousandsofpeoplediedeverytimetherewas4.anoutbreakbecausenooneknewthecauseofwantedtohelpsolvetheproblem.Hwotheories6.explaining(explain)howcholerakilledbelievedinthesecondtheorythatsuggestedthatpeople7.absorbed(absorb)thediseasewiththeir1854，8.whenanotheroutbreakhitLondon，hewasready9.totest(test)thetwothehelpofthemaphemade，hegota10.valuable(value)clueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwastoblame.Ⅲ.閱讀理解JohnNash，aNobelPrizewinnerandamathematicalgeniuswhosestrugglewithmentalillnesswasdocumentedinthe(Oscar－winning)filmABeautifulMind，waskilledinacaraccidentonMay24th，inWestVirginia，Nashdisplayedakeennessformathematicsearlyinlife，independentlyprovingFemret’slittletheorem(定理)beforegraduatingfromhighthetimeheturned30in1958，hewasanunquestionableacademicPrinceton，Nashpublisheda27－pagethesisthatledtoapplicationstoeconomics，internationalpolitics，andevolutionarybiology.Hissignatures