2023年中考英語首字母填空-詞性判斷課件

首字母填空-判斷詞性中考閱讀專題知識梳理一

首字母這一題型雖然歸屬在閱讀部分中，但其實是對一個學(xué)生包括語法知識，詞匯運用，上下文理解以及主旨把握在內(nèi)的綜合能力的考察。

此題型在中考中每空2分，即使意思正確，但語法形式錯誤會有相應(yīng)的扣分，請同學(xué)們一定要引起重視。

在首字母填空題的做題中，成分分析、上下文邏輯、重點詞匯和重點單詞都是做題需要用到的技巧。一、首字母詞性概述

在本大題中，我們一般以考察實詞（動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等）為主，虛詞（介詞、連詞等）為輔。

所考單詞一般較為常見，且限定在教育考試院所發(fā)的詞匯手冊范圍內(nèi)，不會超綱，也基本不考察負面性的詞匯。二、首字母中詞性的判斷1、句子缺動詞：每個句子（包括從句及并列句）都應(yīng)該有且僅有一個動詞。

例1：Youalln__________water.Alllivingthingsmusthavewater.

答案：(need)

例2：Hel__________inasmallroomneararestaurant.

答案：(lives/lived)2、句子缺形容詞：一般出現(xiàn)在系動詞后或者名詞（代詞）前。

例1：Heknewthathisgrandpawouldnolongerhavethepositiononthat

card,sohedecidedtogetan________oneforhisgrandpa.

答案：（new）

例2：--"Well,howmuchdoIgetpaid?"--"Asm________hugsasyouwant!"

答案：（many）3、句子缺名詞/代詞：一般出現(xiàn)在主語（動詞前）及賓語（動詞后或者介詞后）位置。

例1：Apersoncan'tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewd_________.

答案：（days）

例2：ChristopherwrotebacktellingJefftoforgetther_______ofthemoney.

答案：（rest）4、句子缺副詞：句子主要成分完整，且語義上修飾動詞/形容詞。一般出現(xiàn)在句首，句尾或者是句中實義動詞前/助動詞后。

例1：Themancouldh___________believehisears.

AdogsaidtohiminEnglish!

答案：(hardly)

例2：Shedoesn'tfeedmep___________andsheoftenbeatsmewhenshe'sina

badmood.

答案：(properly)5、句子缺介詞：一般出現(xiàn)在名詞前或者是動詞后。

例1：Ididn'tthinkIhadapassion.Iwouldsitinf___________oftheTVallday.

答案：（front）

例2：Itwasamandressedi____________

red.

答案：（in）6、句子缺連詞：句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞。

例1：Theyturnedaroundb__________

couldnotseeanything.

答案：（but）

例2：Theykeptrunningu__________theysawtheirbrother.

答案：（until）三、首字母中詞性判斷常見問題1、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：如果需要填名詞，那么一定要思考名詞是否可數(shù)，是否需要變復(fù)數(shù)。

例1：Marylivesonasmallisland,withjusttwentyh__________andashop.

答案：（houses）

例2：Iftheweatherisverybad,

theb__________doesnotsailatall.

答案：（boat）2、動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：在一般現(xiàn)在時中要注意動詞是否需要隨人稱而變化。

例1：OnthosedaysMaryh___________todoherschoolworkathome.

答案：(has)

例2：Sheg_________toschoolonalargerislandnearby.

答案：(goes)3、動詞的過去式/過去分詞：填寫動詞時要注意是否為一般過去時或者是完成時/被動。

例1：Notlongago,Chinesescientistsputsomevegetableseedsintoaspaceshipands_________themintospace.

答案：(sent)

例2：Allofthespaceplantsg___________verywell.Theywerestrongerand

larger.

答案：(grew)4、形容詞/副詞的級：填寫形容詞或者副詞要注意觀察是否有比較級或者最高級的標(biāo)志或者是平行結(jié)構(gòu)中需要對應(yīng)比較級/最高級。

例1：Theyalsodidab__________jobatfightingdiseasesthanregularplantsdo.

答案：（better）

例2：Ittakesabitl________whentheseaisrough.

答案：（longer）5、介詞的否定意義：主要考慮是否需要填寫without及against兩個表示否定含義的介詞。

例1：Manyscientistsarea_________

theidea.

答案：（against）

例2：Wecan'tgow__________findingsomeonetotakecareofthebaby.

答案：（without）6、助動詞的肯否定：填寫助動詞時要注意是否需要變更為否定形式。

例1：Youn___________

worryaboutthetestresultifyougothroughthetexts.

答案：（needn't）

例2：Yous_________

lietoyoumom.

答案：（shouldn't）7、代詞的格：填寫代詞是注意是否需要賓格或者是所有格形式。

例1：Whoteachesy__________Englishthisterm?

答案：（you）

例2：Wecan'tfinishtheworkwithouth_________help.

答案：（his）典型例題二1.Tianjinplanstostartasmartcityprogramtodealwitht___________jams.【分析】根據(jù)句意Tianjinplanstostartasmartcityprogramtodealwith...jam“天津打算啟動一個智慧城市計劃處理...堵塞”結(jié)合首字母為t，以及句中的關(guān)鍵詞asmartcityprogram和jam可推知這個智慧城市計劃和交通堵塞有關(guān)?！窘獯稹縯raffic2.Whenwillyoucomeback,

Dad?

I'mm_________

yousomuch.【分析】根據(jù)所給首字母提示結(jié)合語境Whenwillyoucomeback，Dad？推測句意是“爸爸，你什么時候回來呢？我非常想你”，表示“想念"用miss，并且根據(jù)設(shè)空前的系動詞am結(jié)合句意判斷用現(xiàn)在進行時，表一直在想念，現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成是：主語+am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞；所以答案是：missing?！窘獯稹縨issing。3.Mr.Kingisveryp_________.Heoftenexplainsdifficultproblemsmanytimesuntilweunderstand.【分析】考查形容詞。結(jié)合語境“金先生很_______，他經(jīng)常很多次的解釋難題，直到我們理解為止?！奔笆鬃帜柑崾?，可知，應(yīng)該是“受歡迎的/耐心的"。系表結(jié)構(gòu)，填形容詞。【解答】popular/patient。4.Youwill

r_________

awarmwelcomewhenyoucometoourvillage.【分析】考查動詞。結(jié)合語境“到我們村來時，你會______熱烈歡迎。及首字母提示，可知，應(yīng)該是“接收到”。情態(tài)動詞will后用動詞原形?！窘獯稹縭eceive。5.Bobismucht__________now,thejeansheworelastyeararetooshort.【分析】考查比較級。結(jié)合語境“鮑伯現(xiàn)在個子_____多了，他去年穿的牛仔褲太短了?！奔笆鬃帜柑崾荆芍?，much這里修飾比較級，更高的。用tall的比較級taller?！窘獯稹縯aller。課堂練習(xí)三一、指出下列句子中所缺詞的詞性(一)1、Abusinessmanwasvery__________ofmusic.2、Helookedwithpity_________theirpalefaces.3、Thewidow_________walkedtothebankwithherdaughter.4、Thebanker___________askedhertowaitafewminutes.5、____________thepoorwidowfivehundreddollars.Keys：形容詞，介詞，副詞，副詞，動詞（二）1、Abusinessmanwasveryfondofmusicandhewas________bya

poorwidowtogivehersomehelp.2、Helookedwithpityintotheirpalefaces,

andwassurethattheirsadstory_________true.3、Thewidowthankedtheman________shequicklywalkedtothebankwithherdaughter.4、Thebankerthenaskedhertowaitafewminutes_______hewent

toseethebusinessman.5、Givethepoorwidowfivehundreddollars,forsuchhonestyispoorly_____________.Keys：動詞，動詞，連詞，連詞，動詞/形容詞（三）1、Abusinessman,_________wasveryfondofmusic,wasaskedbya

poorwidowtogivehersomehelp.2、Helookedwithpityintotheirpalefaceswhich,infact,made_____believethattheirsadstorywastrue.3、Thewidowthankedthemanbeforeshequicklywalkedtothebankwithherdaughter,

______stoppingtoreadthenote.4、Thebankerthenaskedhertowaitafewminutes,whilehewenttoseethebusinessman

________gaveherthenote.5、Givethepoorwidowfivehundreddollars,

forsuchhonestyispoorlyrewardedwith______thatsum.

Keys：連詞，名詞/代詞，介詞，連詞，副詞二、指出下列句子中的錯誤(一)1、TheaccidentwasreportlastTuesday.2、Unluckily,thisbusinessmenfeltsotired.3、NationalDayiscome,thewholenationisfilledwithhappyatmosphere.4、Hisbrotherpracticehighjump.5、Lastsummerholidays,alotofmalestudentspretendnottonoticetherule.Keys:

1、report→reported

2、businessmen→businessman

3、come→coming

4、practice→practices/practiced

5、pretend→pretended（二）1、ItisreportedthatlastTuesday,twoyoungtrafficpolicemanwasknockdown.2、Unluckily,thebusinessmanfeltsotiredthathesoonfallasleepwithtakinghisexpensivecamerainthetaxi.3、DuringtheNationalDay,thewholenationisfilledwithhappyatmosphere,streetfullofballoonsandredflag.4、BetweenJohnandhisbrotherwhopracticehighjump,hisbrotheristall.5、Lastsummerholidays,alotofmalestudentsandfemaleonepretendednottonoticetherulethatteenagersarenotallowtoentertheInternetcafé.Keys:

1.policeman→policemen,was→were,

knock→knocked

2.fall→fell,with→without

3.street→streets,flag→flags

4.practice→practices,tall→taller

5.one→ones,allow→allowed（三）1、ItisreportedthatlastTuesday,ayoungtrafficpolicemanwasknockeddownbyaccidentsandsendtothenearhospital.2、Unluckily,thebusinessmanfeltsotiredthathesoonfellasleepwithoutrealizethathehadleavehisluggages,speechmaterialandexpensivecamerainthetaxi.3、DuringtheNationalDay,thewholenationisfilledwithhappyatmosphere,streetsfullofballoonsandredflagsandalltheChinesehopesourmothercountrywillbecomeevenstrong.（三）4、Betweenheandhisbrotherwhopracticeshighjump,hisbrotheristaller,butamonghiscollegeclassmate,hisheightisthegreat.5、Lastsummerholidays,alotofmalestudentsandsomefemaleonespretendednottonoticetherulesontheboardthattheteenagerswhoareyoungthan18mustentertheInternetcafeandspendamountoftimeinit.Keys:

1.

accidents→accident,

send→sent,

near→nearest

2.realize→realizing,

leave→left,

luggages→luggage

3.

hopes→hope,strong→stronger

4.he→him,

classmate→classmates,

great→greatest

5.

spend→spent,

rules→rule,young→younger,

must→mustn't,

amount→amounts三、首字母填空(A)

ChristopherandJeffhadknowneachothersincechildhood.Oneday,Jefftoldhisfriendthathe'dfalleninloveandplannedtogetmarriedthen____1_____month.HeaskedChristophertolendhim$1,000fortheweddingparty,andpromisedtopayhimbackamonthlaterwhenhestartedhisnewjob.ChristopherknewthatJeffwasnotverygoodwithmoney,buthes____2____agreed.Astheywereold

friends,theydidn'tputanythinginwriting.

Amonthlater,Christopherhadn'theardfromJefforreceivedany

money,

s____3____hephonedhim.Jeffwasveryapologeticandsaid

hewouldsurelypayhimbackwithinamonth.

Sixweekslater,ChristophertriedtophoneJeffandf____4____he

hadmovedandleftnolinkaddress.B___5____thistime,hewas

angry.

Thenonemonthlater,tohissurprise,Christopherreceivedacheck（支票）for$100fromJeffandalettergivinghisnewaddress.Heexplainedthathe'dbeenhavingmoneyp___6___,andwouldn't

beabletopaybacktheremaining$900forsometime.Christopher

wrotebacktellingJefftoforgetther____7_____ofthemoneyandnever

toreachhimagainbymessageortelephone.Keys:1.next

2.still

3.so

4.found

5.By

6.problem(s)

7.rest(B)

OneSundaymorning,MillieandAmywenttoSunshinePark.Theylovetochat（閑聊）there.Asusual，theysatunderthebigtree.Suddenly,

theyheardawhisperfromthebushesbehindthetree.

They

turneda___1____butcouldnotseeanything.Theywerefrightened.

"Isanybodythere?"Millieasked.N____2____answered.They

listenedverycarefullyandheardthestrangenoiseagain.Thetwogirlswereveryafraid.Theyranawayquickly.Ontheirw____3___,theymetAndy.

"Whathappened?"Andyasked.

"There'saghostinthepark.Pleasehelpus,"Milliesaid.

"R____4____?Tellmemore,"Andysaid.

MillietoldAndyeverything.Andywenttothepark,stoodbesidethetreeandlistenedcarefully.Thenheheardthewhisper!Helookedbehindthetreeandheardanotherwhisper.Hewasnotsurethesoundcamefromthebushes.

Hes____5____carefully.

"Oh!Hereitis,"Andysaidtohimself.Hefoundalittlecatinthebushes.Itwasveryweak.Whenitmeowed,itmadeasoundlikeawhisper.

AndyputthelittlecatintoaboxandwenttofindMillieandAmy.Theyweres____6____frightened.

Andyopenedtheboxandshowed

themthe"ghost".

"Thisistheghostinthepark,"Andysaid.MillieandAmywere

surprised—itwasalittlecat!

L____7_____thatday,theytookthelittle

cattotheanimalcenter.Peopleintheanimalcenterwouldtakecareofit.Keys:1.around

2.Nobody

3.way

4.Really

5.searched

6.still

7.Later課后檢測四一、指出下列句子中所缺詞的詞性1、________musicinAmericaiswhateverystudentlikes.2、Seriousmusicfortheconcerthallsis__________classicalmusic.3、Theygoabroadeverysummerfora__________ortwoandhavealotoffun.4、Herfather,

acook,

tookherintothe___________.5、Hehadgothisticketatthelastmoment,sohehadnotbeenableto_________hisseat.6、Parentsoftenget__________becauseoftheirtroubleintheirlives.7、Waittillyourparentcoolsoff,

thentalkto_________orherinacalmtone.8、Onewinter,therewasaverybigflood,andalotofhouseswerewasheda________.9、In1678aFrenchmanbuiltagliderandflewit_________asmallbuilding.10、IhadtositinthefrontoftheclassroomsoIcould_________thelecture.11、Someparentsthinkthatspendingtoo_______timeusingacomputercanbeharmful,butthereistheoppositeofit.12、He________somechocolateinhismouth."Mmm,that'sgood,"hesaid.13、Mariawastoooldtoplay,_________shewasstillhappy.14、Annasharedherhousewithoneofthefamiliesthathadlosteverythingintheflood________itwaspossibleforthemtorebuildtheirownhouse.15、AssoonasIsetofffortheairport,itbegantorain__________.二、指出下列句子中的錯誤1、Everyonecanpassthetestaslongashepracticehard.2、Tomalwaystellwethesamethingswheneverhemeets.3、Willyoubringyournewbookhere?I'dliketohavealookonit.4、MoreundergroundrailwaywillbebuiltinShanghaiintheyearstocome.5、Drinktoomuchfruitjuicecanbeharmfultoteeth.6、Everydropofwatermustn'tbewastedbecauseitissoimportanttoallthelivingthing.7、JuliasangsoterriblethatIcouldn'tbelievemyears.8、Hedidtheworkasquicklyashecansoastogobackhomeearly.9、Themorequicklyhewalks,theearlyhewillgetthere.10、Theplanofourcountryisbasedonariseeconomy.11、Parentshavethegreatesteffectattheirchildren'sbehavior.12、Canyoushowmeanythingelse?13、Herlookedabitembarrassing.14、Ireadlovestoriesasanescapefromreal.15、Lindaoftenhelpsherparentswiththehouseworkaftermeal.三、首字母填空

Musicisaninternationallanguage.PopularmusicinAmericaiswhat

everystudentlikes.Studentsc____1____smallradioswithearphonesand

listentomusicbeforeclass,afterclassandatlunch.Studentswithcarsbuylargespeakersandplaymusic1____2___

astheydriveonthestreet.Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyal