共享居住模式下養(yǎng)老院建筑內(nèi)部空間設(shè)計(jì)研究

共享居住模式下養(yǎng)老院建筑內(nèi)部空間設(shè)計(jì)研究共享居住模式下養(yǎng)老院建筑內(nèi)部空間設(shè)計(jì)研究

摘要：隨著我國(guó)老齡人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)，養(yǎng)老事業(yè)日趨重要。而共享居住模式則作為一種新興的養(yǎng)老方式正在逐漸被人們所接受。本論文以共享居住模式下的養(yǎng)老院空間設(shè)計(jì)為研究對(duì)象，旨在分析該模式下養(yǎng)老院建筑內(nèi)部空間的規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)理念，為推進(jìn)養(yǎng)老事業(yè)提供借鑒。

本文首先概述了共享居住模式及其發(fā)展背景，然后著重分析了共享居住模式下養(yǎng)老院內(nèi)部空間的規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有養(yǎng)老院建筑空間設(shè)計(jì)案例的對(duì)比分析，我們得出了以下幾個(gè)結(jié)論：一是在共享居住模式下，養(yǎng)老院應(yīng)充分考慮老年人日常生活的需求，打造一個(gè)舒適、安全、溫馨的生活空間。二是在空間規(guī)劃上應(yīng)注重社交交流與私人獨(dú)立之間的平衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)老年人在社交、自我保健等方面的需求。三是在空間設(shè)計(jì)上應(yīng)盡量簡(jiǎn)單自然、舒適安全，塑造貼近自然、積極向上的生活氛圍。四是在外觀與內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)上應(yīng)注重對(duì)老年人群體的文化、氛圍與審美要求的充分體現(xiàn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：共享居住模式；養(yǎng)老院；建筑內(nèi)部空間設(shè)計(jì)；養(yǎng)老事業(yè)。

Abstract:WiththerapidincreaseofChina'sagingpopulation,elderlycarehasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Thesharedlivingmode,asanewwayofelderlycare,isgraduallybeingacceptedbypeople.Thispapertakesthespacedesignofthenursinghomeunderthesharedlivingmodeastheresearchobject,aimingtoanalyzetheplanninganddesignconceptoftheinternalspaceofthenursinghomeunderthismode,andtoprovidereferenceforpromotingtheelderlycareindustry.

Thisarticlefirstoutlinesthesharedlivingmodeanditsdevelopmentbackground,andthenfocusesontheanalysisoftheplanninganddesignoftheinternalspaceofthenursinghomeunderthesharedlivingmode.Bycomparingandanalyzingtheexistingnursinghomespacedesigncases,wedrawthefollowingconclusions:Firstly,underthesharedlivingmode,thenursinghomeshouldfullyconsiderthedailyneedsoftheelderly,andcreateacomfortable,safe,andwarmlivingspace.Secondly,thespaceplanningshouldfocusonthebalancebetweensocialcommunicationandpersonalindependence,andmeettheneedsoftheelderlyinsocialcommunicationandself-care.Thirdly,thespacedesignshouldbeassimple,natural,comfortable,andsafeaspossible,creatinganatural,positiveandupwardlivingatmosphere.Fourthly,theexteriorandinteriordesignshouldpayattentiontothefullembodimentofthecultural,aesthetic,andatmosphericrequirementsoftheelderlygroup.

Keywords:sharedlivingmode;nursinghome;internalspacedesignofthebuilding;elderlycare。Inrecentyears,thesharedlivingmodehasbecomeincreasinglypopularinelderlycare,asitpromotessocialinteractionandenhancesthequalityoflifeoftheelderly.However,thenursinghomespacedesignplaysacriticalroleinthesuccessofthismode.Theinternalspacedesignofthebuildingshouldbedividedintoseveralareasbasedonthefunctionalrequirementsoftheelderly,suchasliving,dining,leisure,andmedicalcare.

Thelivingareashouldbedesignedtomeetthepsychologicalandphysicalneedsoftheelderly,suchasprovidingsufficientdaylighting,ventilation,andsoundinsulation.Theroomsizesshouldbeappropriateandconsiderate,ensuringthattheelderlyhaveasenseofsecurityandcomfort,especiallythosewhoneedhigherdegreesofcare.Thediningareashouldprovideavarietyofhealthyanddeliciousfoodoptions,accommodatingbothgroupandindividualdiningneeds.

Theleisureareashouldbedesignedtomeetthesocialneedsoftheelderly,suchasprovidingreadingareas,entertainmentrooms,andfitnessfacilities.Theseareasshouldbeintegratedwithnaturalelementsanddesignedwithanecologicalconcept,creatingapeacefulandrelaxingatmospherethatenhancesthewell-beingoftheelderly.Additionally,themedicalcareareashouldbedesignedtomeetthepracticalneedsoftheelderly,suchasprovidingnursingstations,rehabilitationfacilities,andmedicalexaminationrooms.

Insummary,thenursinghomespacedesignshouldbetailoredtothespecificneedsandpreferencesoftheelderly,consideringthebalancebetweenfunctionandaesthetics.Thedesignshouldbesimple,natural,comfortable,andsafe,creatingapositiveandupwardlivingatmosphere.Thefullembodimentofcultural,aesthetic,andatmosphericrequirementsisalsocrucialtoensurethesatisfactionandhappinessoftheelderly。Inadditiontothephysicalenvironment,itisimportantfornursinghomestoconsiderthesocialandemotionalneedsoftheirresidents.Thefacilityshouldprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction,suchascommonareasforrecreationandcommunaldiningrooms.Thesespacesshouldbedesignedtoencourageresidentstoengageingroupactivities,fosterfriendships,andpromoteasenseofcommunity.

Privacyisalsoacrucialelementofnursinghomedesign.Whilecommunalspacesareimportantforsocialinteractions,eachresidentshouldalsohavetheirownprivatelivingspace.Thedesignofprivateroomsshouldtakeintoaccountthespecificneedsofeachresident,suchasmobilityandaccessibility.Itisimportantthatthesespacesaredesignedtomakeresidentsfeelcomfortableandsecure.

Additionally,nursinghomesshouldalsoconsiderincorporatingoutdoorspacesintotheirdesign.Beinginnaturehasnumerousbenefitsforphysicalandmentalhealth,andcanhelpresidentsfeelmoreconnectedtotheirenvironment.Outdoorspacesshouldbedesignedtobeaccessibleforresidentswithlimitedmobilityandshouldincludefeaturessuchasbenches,pathways,andgardens.

Finally,nursinghomesshouldincorporatetechnologyintotheirdesigntoimprovethequalityofcareforresidents.Thismayincludeprovidingremotehealthcareservices,usingelectronicmedicalrecords,andincorporatingvirtualrealityintotherapyprograms.Technologycanhelpnursinghomesprovidemorecomprehensiveandefficientcare,andcanmaketheexperienceoflivinginanursinghomemoreenjoyableforresidents.

Inconclusion,designinganursinghomethatmeetsthespecificneedsandpreferencesofelderlyresidentsrequiresacarefulbalancebetweenfunctionandaesthetics.Whilethephysicalenvironmentisimportant,nursinghomesmustalsoconsiderthesocialandemotionalneedsoftheirresidents,aswellasincorporatetechnologytoimprovethequalityofcare.Byfocusingonthesekeydesignelements,nursinghomescancreateapositiveandsupportivelivingenvironmentthatpromoteshappiness,health,andwell-beingfortheirresidents。Oneimportantdesignelementthatnursinghomesshouldconsideriscreatingahomelikeatmosphere.Elderlyresidentsoftenfeelanxiousoruncomfortablelivinginaclinicalorsterileenvironment.Therefore,nursinghomesshouldaimtocreateacomfortableandwelcomingatmospherethatmimicsadomesticsetting.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtheincorporationofnaturallighting,softfurnishings,personaltouches,andrecreationalspacesthatfosterresidentengagementandsocialinteraction.

Effectivespaceplanningisalsoessentialwhendesigningnursinghomes.Awell-designedspaceplanensuresthateveryresident'sroomreceivesamplelighting,ventilation,andprivacy.Nursinghomesmayalsoneedtoconsideraccessibility,flexibility,andadaptabilitywhendesigningtheirspaces.Forexample,roomsshouldbedesignedtocatertothedifferentcareneedsofresidents,suchasthosewithmobilityimpairmentsorcognitivedisorders.

Intheageofadvancedtechnology,nursinghomesmustembracenewtechnologiesthatcanimprovetheirresidents'livingconditions.Technologycanbeleveragedtoimprovecommunicationandcollaborationamonghealthcareworkers,automatemedicaldocumentation,andprovidepersonalizedcareforeachresident.Forinstance,electronichealthrecords(EHRs)canhelphealthcareworkersdeliveraccurateandholisticcaretoeachresident.Technology-assistedcaregivingsolutionscanalsoensurethatresidentsarecomfortableandsafe,enhancingtheirqualityoflife.

Lastly,nursinghomesshouldfocusonprovidingasupportiveandnurturingenvironmentforresidents.Theyshouldstrivetocreateanenvironmentthatpromotesresidentautonomyandmaximizestheirqualityoflife.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtheprovisionoftailoredcareplansthataccountforresidents'individualpreferences,routines,andneeds.Furthermore,nursinghomesmustincluderecreationalspacesandsocialactivitiesthatpromoteengagementandsocialinteraction.

Inconclusion,nursinghomesmuststrivetocreateenvironmentsthatbalancefunctionalityandaestheticswhilecateringtothephysical,social,andemotionalneedsoftheirresidents.Whilephysicaldesignisvital,assistedlivingfacilitiesmustalsoincorporateadvancedtechnologiesthatcanenhancetheoverallqualityofcare.Moreover,nursinghomesmustprovidepersonalizedcareplansthataccountforresidents'individualneedsandpreferences.Byprioritizingtheseessentialdesignelements,nursinghomescanfosterasupportiveandnurturingenvironmentthatpromoteshappiness,health,andwellbeingforalltheirresidents。Inadditiontophysicalandtechnologicaldesignelements,staffingalsoplaysacrucialroleinthequalityofcareprovidedinnursinghomes.Skilledandcompassionatestaffmembersareessentialtoensuringthatresidentsreceivetheindividualizedcareandattentionthattheyneedtothrive.Moreover,nursinghomesmustprioritizestafftrainingandongoingprofessionaldevelopmenttoensurethatstaffmembersareequippedwiththeknowledgeandskillsneededtoprovidehigh-qualitycare.Thisincludesongoingtraininginareassuchascommunication,dementiacare,andend-of-lifecare.

Importantly,nursinghomesmustalsoprioritizeresident-centeredcarethatemphasizesresidents'personalpreferencesandvalues.Thismeansthatnursinghomesmustactivelylistentoresidentsandengagethemindecision-makingandcareplanning.Byprioritizingresident-centeredcare,nursinghomescanhelppromoteasenseofautonomyanddignityamongtheirresidents,whichisessentialformaintainingtheirphysicalandmentalwellbeing.

Lastly,nursinghomesmustalsoprioritizetransparencyandaccountabilitywhenitcomestoqualityofcare.Thismeansregularlycommunicatingwithresidentsandtheirfamiliesaboutcareplans,healthupdates,andanyconcernsorissuesthatarise.Moreover,nursinghomesmustbeopentofeedbackandregularlyseektoimprovetheiroperationsbasedonresidentandfamilyfeedback.

Inconclusion,nursinghomesplayanessentialroleinprovidingcareandsupporttovulnerablepopulations,includingolderadultsandindividualswithdisabilities.However,toensurethatnursinghomesareprovidinghigh-qualitycare,theymustprioritizephysicaldesignelements,incorporateadvancedtechnologies,prioritizeresident-centeredcareandstafftraining,andfostertransparencyandaccountability.Byprioritizingtheseessentialelements,nursinghomescanhelppromotethehealth,wellbeing,anddignityoftheirresidents。Furthermore,nursinghomesmustalsoprioritizeinfectionpreventionandcontrol,especiallyinlightofrecenteventssuchastheCOVID-19pandemic.Thisincludesimplementingstricthygieneprotocols,regularlytestingresidentsandstaffforinfections,andensuringadequatepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)isavailableforstaff.

Additionally,anothercrucialaspectofprovidinghigh-qualitycareinnursinghomesisthestaff-to-residentratio.Withadequatestaffinglevels,nursinghomescanensurethatresidentsreceivethepersonalizedattention,care,andsupporttheyneedtothrive.However,nursinghomesacrosstheUnitedStateshavebeenstrugglingwithstaffingshortagesforyears,whichhasresultedinreducedqualityofcareandanincreaseinadverseevents.

Toaddressthesestaffingshortages,nursinghomesmustprioritizerecruitmentandretentionefforts.Thismayincludeofferingcompetitivesalariesandbenefitspackages,providingopportunitiesforprofessionaldevelopmentandadvancement,andcreatingapositiveworkculturethatvaluesandsupportsstaff.

Inconclusion,providinghigh-qualitycareinnursinghomesrequiresamultifacetedapproachthatencompassesphysicaldesign,technology,resident-centeredcare,stafftraining,transparencyandaccountability,infectionpreventionandcontrol,andstaffinglevels.Byprioritizingtheseessentialelements,nursinghomescanensurethattheirresidentsreceivethebestpossiblecareandsupport,helpingtopromotetheirhealth,wellbeing,anddignity。Anotherimportantfactorinprovidinghigh-qualitycareinnursinghomesistheroleoffamilymembersandcaregivers.Familymembersandcaregiverscanplayacriticalroleinadvocatingfortheirlovedonesandensuringthattheyreceivethecareandsupporttheyneed.Theycanalsohelptobridgethecommunicationgapbetweenresidentsandstaff,providingvaluableinsightsintotheirlovedone'spreferences,needs,andconcerns.

Moreover,engagingfamilymembersandcaregiversinthecareprocesscanhelptoeasesomeofthechallengesandlimitationsthatnursinghomesfacewhenitcomestostaffingandresources.Familymembersandcaregiverscanassistwithactivitiesofdailyliving,provideemotionalsupport,andhelptomonitortheirlovedone'shealthandwellbeing.

Anotherimportantaspectofprovidinghigh-qualitycareinnursinghomesisensuringthatresidentshaveaccesstoarangeofservicesandactivitiesthatpromotetheirhealth,wellbeing,andsocialconnectedness.Thisincludesaccesstophysicaltherapyandrehabilitationservices,recreationalactivities,andsocialevents,aswellasopportunitiesforspiritualandculturalengagement.

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