認識其他常見植物提取物

OtherPlantExtracts課前回顧與預習Task1你知道哪些植物提取物？它們在化妝品中能夠發(fā)揮什么作用？1PART1[Trehalose海藻糖]2PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]3PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]1PART1[Trehalose海藻糖]2PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]3PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]Definition:Thedisaccharidethatconformstotheformulaprovided;trehaloseisthedisaccharideα

(1→1)glucosyl-glucose.Physicalcharacteristics:Orthorhombic,bidphennoidalcrystalsfordilutedalcohol;sweettasteTypicallyfoundinthedihydrateform;characterizedbylowhygroscopicityMolecularweight:342.30Meltingpoint:Thedihydratemeltsat97℃;theanhydrousmeltsat210℃Solubility:Verysolubleinwater,formamide,anddimethylsulfuoxide;solublehotalcohol;slightlysolubletoinsolubelinetherStability:Verystableandchemicallyunreactive;doesnotdissociateintotworeducingmonosaccharidicconstituentsunlessexposedtoextremehydrolyticconditionsortotheactionsoftrehalaseSpecificopticalrotation[α]D20:+178°01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]Naturaloccurrenceandmethodsofpreparation:Foundinfungi,bacteria,yeasts,andinsects;isolatedfromtheergotofrye;isolatedfromyeast.Producedfromstarchusingtheenzymesmaltooligosyl-trehalosesynthaseandmaltooligosyl-trehalosetrehalohydrolase.Functions:Trehalosehasanumberofreportedfunctionsincosemetics,withthemostcommonuseasaskin-conditioningagent.Othercommonlyreportedfunctionsareuseasahumectantorasaflavoringagent.01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Trehalose/'trih?loz/n.[生化]海藻糖Disaccharide/da??s?k?ra?d/n.二糖類saccharide/?s?k??ra?d/糖類

monosaccharidic 單糖的Glucose/?ɡlu?ko?s/n.葡萄糖01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Crystal/?kr?stl/n.結(jié)晶Dilute/da??lu?t/n.稀釋Dihydrate/dai'haidreit/n.二水合物anhydrous/?n?ha?dr?s/無水的01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Hygroscopicity/ha?ɡr?sk??p?siti/n.吸濕性Hygro-scop-icityHygro-水的scop 觀察，目標，范圍-icityHydrolytic/ha?dr??l?t?k/adj.水解的Hydro-lyticMolecular/m??lekj?l?r/adj.分子的molecularweight分子質(zhì)量averagemolecularweight平均分子量molecularweightdistribution分子量分布relativemolecularmass相對分子質(zhì)量molecularstructure分子結(jié)構(gòu)01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]后綴：-icity[名詞后綴] 表示性質(zhì)、情況、狀態(tài)periodicity周期性historicity歷史性plasticity可塑性elasticity彈性hygroscopicity 吸濕性后綴：-lytic[形容詞后綴] hydrolytic 水解的01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Melt/melt/v.融化Meltpoint熔點Dissociate/d??so?sie?t/v.分裂Specificopticalrotationn.比旋光度optical/?ɑ?pt?kl/光學的rotation/ro??te??n/旋轉(zhuǎn)01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]NaturaloccurrenceIsolate/?a?s?le?t/v.分離Enzyme/?enza?m/n.[生化]酶n.天然存在occurrence/??k??r?ns/出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]連線題MolecularweightMeltingpointSolubilityStabilityNaturaloccurrencemethodsofpreparationFunctions分子量功能熔點天然存在穩(wěn)定制備方法溶解度CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]Definition:Thedisaccharidethatconformstotheformulaprovided;trehaloseisthedisaccharideα(1→1)glucosyl-glucose.Physicalcharacteristics:sweettasteTypicallyfoundinthedihydrateform;characterizedbylowhygroscopicity.Molecularweight:342.30℃：degreecentigrade定義：是一種二糖；海藻糖是α-1,1糖苷鍵連接的葡糖基葡萄糖雙糖物理特性：二水化合物通常具有甜味；具有低吸濕性的特點分子量：342.30CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]Meltingpoint:Thedihydratemeltsat97℃;theanhydrousmeltsat210℃Solubility:Verysolubleinwater,formamide,anddimethylsulfoxide;solublehotalcohol;slightlysolubletoinsolubelinetherStability:Verystableandchemicallyunreactive;doesnotdissociateintotworeducingmonosaccharidicconstituentsunlessexposedtoextremehydrolyticconditionsortotheactionsoftrehalaseSpecificopticalrotation[α]D20:+178°熔點：二水合物在97℃熔化；無水的在210℃融化溶解性：易溶于水、甲酰胺和二甲基亞砜；可溶于熱酒精；微溶或不溶于乙醚穩(wěn)定性：非常穩(wěn)定，化學惰性；除非暴露在極端水解條件下或海藻酸酶的作用下，才會分解成兩種還原性單糖成分比旋光度[α]D20:+178°CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]01TASK1[Trehalose海藻糖]Naturaloccurrenceandmethodsofpreparation:Foundinfungi,bacteria,yeasts,andinsects;isolatedfromtheergotofrye;isolatedfromyeast.Producedfromstarchusingtheenzymesmaltooligosyl-trehalosesynthaseandmaltooligosyl-trehalosetrehalohydrolase.Functions:Trehalosehasanumberofreportedfunctionsincosemetics,withthemostcommonuseasaskin-conditioningagent.Othercommonlyreportedfunctionsareuseasahumectantorasaflavoringagent.ergot/'??g?t/麥角菌；rye/ra?/黑麥天然存在和制備方法：在真菌、細菌、酵母和昆蟲中存在；從黑麥麥角菌中分離出來；從酵母中分離出來。利用麥芽沒糖基海藻糖合成酶和麥芽沒糖基海藻糖三鹵水解酶從淀粉中生產(chǎn)。功能：據(jù)報道，海藻糖在化妝品中有很多功能，最常用的是作為皮膚調(diào)理劑。其他常用的功能是用作保濕劑或調(diào)味劑。CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]1PART1[Trehalose海藻糖]2PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]3PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]Ceramideingredientsfunctionprimarilyashairconditioningagentsandskinconditioningagents-miscellaneousincosmetics.Naturally-occurringceramidesarenormalconstituentsoftheskinandareessentialcomponentsoftheepidermalpermeabilitybarrier.Ceramidesareamongthelipidsthatmakeupsphingomyelin,whichisamajorcomponentofthelipidbilayerthatformscellmembranesofcellsinthestratumcorneum.Thus,ceramidesarelipophilicandlikelytobeabsorbedintotheskin.TheoralLD50wasgreaterthan2000mg/kginratstudiesofceramide2,ceramideAP,hydroxypalmitoylsphinganine,and2-oleamido-1,3-octadecanediol,andgreaterthan5000mg/kginratstudiesofceramideNP.Indermalstudies,theLD50wasgreaterthan2000mg/kginratsexposedtoceramideNP,ceramideAP,or2-oleamido-1,3-octadecanediol.TheTheCosmeticIngredientReview(CIR)ExpertPanelconcludedthatceramidesweresafeincosmeticsinthepresentpracticesofuseandconcentration,notingthatingredientsderivedfrombovinecentralnervoussystemtissuesarenotpermittedforuseincosmeticproducts.02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]Althoughsomeceramidesareplentifulinbovinecentralnervoussystemtissues(e.g.,brainandspinalcord),theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)prohibitstheuseofingredientsderivedfromsuchtissuesincosmeticproductsbecauseoftheriskoftransmittinginfectiousagents,suchasbovinespongiformencephalitis(BSE)(21CFR700.27).Someceramideingredientsmaybederivedfromplantsources(e.g.,thosedesignatedasphytosphingosinesintheINCInamesordefinitions),whichdonotposetherisksassociatedwithingredientsderivedfromthebovinecentralnervoussystem.02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Ceramide/'ser?ma?d/n.[生化]神經(jīng)酰胺Naturally-occurring天然存在的Epidermal/?ɡlu?ko?s/n.葡萄糖其它神經(jīng)酰胺膽固醇自由脂肪酸02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]Epidermal/'ep?'d??rml/adj.表皮的epidermalpermeabilitybarrier表皮滲透屏障Stratumcorneumstratum/?strɑ?t?m/層corneum/'k?:ni?m/角質(zhì)層n.角質(zhì)層CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]Lipid/'ep?'d??rml/n.脂質(zhì)Membrane/?membre?n/n.膜cellmembranes 細胞膜CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]Lipophilic

/l?p??f?l?k/adj.親脂性的，親油性的，親脂的Hydrophilic/,ha?dr?(?)'f?l?k/adj.[化學]親水的CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]Sphingomyelin/?sf??ɡo??ma??l?n/n.（神經(jīng)）鞘磷脂Tissue/?t??u?/n.組織epithelialtissue

上皮組織subcutaneoustissue 皮下組織CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Sphinganinen.鞘氨醇hydroxypalmitoylsphinganine羥基棕櫚酰鞘氨醇hydroxy-palmitoyl01PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]Ceramideingredients

functionprimarilyashairconditioningagentsandskinconditioningagents-miscellaneousincosmetics.神經(jīng)酰胺成分主要作為頭發(fā)和皮膚調(diào)理劑，是多功能化妝品成分。Naturally-occurringceramides

arenormalconstituentsoftheskinand

areessentialcomponentsoftheepidermalpermeabilitybarrier.天然存在的神經(jīng)酰胺是皮膚的正常組成成分，是表皮滲透屏障的重要成分。Ceramidesareamongthelipidsthatmakeupsphingomyelin,whichisamajorcomponentofthelipidbilayerthatformscellmembranesofcellsinthestratumcorneum.神經(jīng)酰胺是構(gòu)成鞘磷脂的脂質(zhì)之一，鞘磷脂是形成角質(zhì)層細胞細胞膜的脂質(zhì)雙分子層的主要成分。Thus,ceramidesarelipophilicandlikelytobeabsorbedintotheskin.因此，神經(jīng)酰胺具有親脂性，容易被皮膚吸收。miscellaneous多功能的；essential重要的；sphingomyelin/,sfinɡ?u'mai?lin/（神經(jīng)）鞘磷脂；CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]TheoralLD50

wasgreaterthan2000mg/kg[inratstudiesofceramide2,ceramideAP,hydroxypalmitoylsphinganine,and2-oleamido-1,3-octadecanediol],andgreaterthan5000mg/kg[inratstudiesofceramideNP].大鼠口服LD50在神經(jīng)酰胺2、神經(jīng)酰胺AP、羥基棕櫚酰鞘氨醇和2-油酰胺-1,3-十八烷二醇研究中均大于2000mg/kg，在大鼠口服神經(jīng)酰胺NP研究中LD50大于5000mg/kg。Indermalstudies,theLD50

wasgreaterthan2000mg/kginrats[exposedtoceramideNP,ceramideAP,or2-oleamido-1,3-octadecanediol].在皮膚研究中，暴露于神經(jīng)酰胺NP、神經(jīng)酰胺AP或2-油酰胺-1,3-十八烷二醇的大鼠的LD50大于2000mg/kg。TheCosmeticIngredientReview(CIR)ExpertPanel

concludedthatceramidesweresafeincosmetics[inthepresentpracticesofuseandconcentration],notingthatingredients[derivedfrombovinecentralnervoussystemtissues]arenotpermittedforuseincosmeticproducts.化妝品成分審查(CIR)專家小組的結(jié)論是，在目前的使用范圍和濃度中，神經(jīng)酰胺在化妝品中是安全的，并指出，來自牛中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)組織的成分不允許用于化妝品。LD50

；expose暴露；bovine牛的；centralnervoussystem中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]Someceramideingredientsmaybederivedfromplantsources(e.g.,thosedesignatedasphytosphingosinesintheINCInamesordefinitions),whichdonotposetherisksassociatedwithingredientsderivedfromthebovinecentralnervoussystem.一些神經(jīng)酰胺成分可能來自植物(例如，在INCI名稱或定義中被指定為植物鞘氨醇的成分)，它們沒有那些來自牛中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)成分的風險。phytosphingosine/,fait?u'sfi?g?si:n/植物鞘氨醇；associatedwith與…有關(guān)系；與…相聯(lián)系INCI(InternationalNomenclatureCosmeticIngredient)國際化妝品原料命名CONTENT

3[SentenceParsing句子解析]1PART1[Trehalose海藻糖]2PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]3PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]03PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOilandSimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedWax,alsocalledJojobaOilandJojobaWax,arenaturalingredientsderivedfromtheseedsofthedesertshrub,Simmondsiachinensis.OtheringredientsmadefromJojobaOilincludeSimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)Butter,HydrogenatedJojobaOil,JojobaEsters,HydrolyzedJojobaEsters,IsomerizedJojobaOilandJojobaAlcohol.SyntheticJojobaOilismixtureofwaxestersoffattyacidsandalcoholsthatisindistinguishablefromnaturaljojobaoilwithregardtochemicalcompositionandphysicalcharacteristics.Amongtheingredientsmadefromjojoba,SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOilismostfrequentlyusedincosmeticsandpersonalcareproducts.ProductcategoriesinwhichSimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)Oilmaybefoundincludebathproducts,eyemakeup,haircareproducts,makeup,nailcareproducts,personalhygieneproducts,shavingproductsandskincareproducts.03PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]CONTENT1[FullText全文閱讀]SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOilisobtainedbypressingtheseedkernelsofanevergreenshrubnativetotheSonoranandMojavedesertsofArizona,CaliforniaandMexico.Thisoilisdifferentfromothercommonplantoilsinthatitiscomposedalmostcompletely(97%)ofwaxestersofmonounsaturated,straight-chainacidsandalcoholswithhighmolecularweights(carbonchainlengthsfrom36to46).ThismakesJojobaOilanditsderivativeJojobaEstersmoresimilartosebumandwhaleoilthantotraditionalvegetableoils.JojobaisgrownfortheliquidJojobaOilinitsseeds.JojobaOiliseasilyrefinedtobeodorlessandcolorless.Jojobaoilisalsostabletooxidation.Jojoba(seed)Oilanditsderivativesareusedprimarilyashairconditioningagentsandskinconditioningagents(occlusive).TheCIRExpertPanelevaluatedthescientificdataandbasedontheavailableinformationconcludedthatJojobaOilandtherelatedingredientsweresafeforuseascosmeticingredients.03PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOilSimmondsiaChinensis霍霍巴Jojoba/ho??ho?b?/霍霍巴CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)Butter 霍霍巴脂HydrogenatedJojobaOil 氫化霍霍巴油JojobaEsters 霍霍巴酯HydrolyzedJojobaEsters 水解霍霍巴酯IsomerizedJojobaOil 異構(gòu)化霍霍巴油JojobaAlcohol 霍霍巴醇03PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Monounsaturated/,mɑno?n's?t??,ret?d/adj.單一不飽和的（油脂）Mono-un-saturatedCarbonchain碳鏈sebum/?si?b?m/n.皮脂02PART2[Ceramides神經(jīng)酰胺]CONTENT

2[KeyWords&Phrases重點單詞和短語]Refine/r??fa?n/v.精煉，提純Oxidation/?ɑ?ks??de??n/n.[化學]氧化Occlusive/??klus?v/adj.閉塞的03PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOilandSimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedWax,alsocalledJojobaOilandJojobaWax,arenaturalingredientsderivedfromtheseedsofthedesertshrub,Simmondsiachinensis.霍霍巴籽油和霍霍巴籽蠟，又稱霍霍巴油和霍霍巴蠟，都是從沙漠灌木霍霍巴的種子中提取的天然成分。OtheringredientsmadefromJojobaOilincludeSimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)Butter,HydrogenatedJojobaOil,JojobaEsters,HydrolyzedJojobaEsters,IsomerizedJojobaOilandJojobaAlcohol.其他從霍霍巴油中提取的成分包括霍霍巴脂、氫化霍霍巴油、霍霍巴酯、水解霍霍巴酯、異構(gòu)化霍霍巴油和霍霍巴醇。SyntheticJojobaOilismixtureofwaxestersoffattyacidsandalcoholsthatisindistinguishablefromnaturaljojobaoilwithregardtochemicalcompositionandphysicalcharacteristics.合成霍霍巴油是脂肪酸和醇的蠟酯混合物，與天然的霍霍巴油在化學成分和物理特性上沒有區(qū)別。03PART3[SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOil霍霍巴籽油]Amongtheingredientsmadefromjojoba,SimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)SeedOilismostfrequentlyusedincosmeticsandpersonalcareproducts.在源自霍霍巴的原料中，最常用于化妝品和個人護理產(chǎn)品的是霍霍巴籽霍霍巴籽。ProductcategoriesinwhichSimmondsiaChinensis(Jojoba)Oilmaybefoundincludebathproducts,eyemakeup,haircarepro