彈性機(jī)翼兩種陣風(fēng)減緩神經(jīng)模糊控制律的對比研究

彈性機(jī)翼兩種陣風(fēng)減緩神經(jīng)模糊控制律的對比研究

1.通過siphol/si農(nóng)村環(huán)保目標(biāo)管理的方式,主要包括空中邊界運(yùn)動的承擔(dān)狀體系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)代高度per-to納的壓縮運(yùn)動系統(tǒng)，以及壓縮運(yùn)動的區(qū)域邊界系統(tǒng)。Gustalleviationcontrolmainlyhastwoways.Oneisdirectliftcontrol,andtheotherisindirectliftcontrol.Themainpurposeofdirectliftcontrolistomakethemotionparametersoftheaircraftdecoupleandproducenewmotionmode.Thesequenceofoperationscanbedescribedasfollows:experiencingthemotionstateoftheaircraftthroughthesensor,maneuveringthedeflectionsofcontrolsurfacesaccordingtocontrollaws,andproducingdirectlifttoalleviategustresponsesPresently,thereareplentyoftheoreticalandexperimentalresearchesongustresponsealleviationcontrollawsabroadUptonow,therearefewstudiesongustresponsealleviationcontrolsystemsusingartificialintelligentalgorithmsabroad.Andtherearerarerelevantreportsonthetheoreticalandexperimentalstudiesofthegustresponsealleviationcontrolsystemsusingneuro-fuzzycontrollawsinhome.Twokindsofneuro-fuzzycontrollawshavebeendesignedforaflexiblelarge-aspect-ratiowingmodelinthisarticle.Relevantsimulationshavebeendeveloped,andexperimentsusingthebetteronehavebeencarriedout.Astheexperimentalmodelhastwocontrolsurfaces,one-control-surfacegustalleviationcontrolsystemexperimentandtwo-control-surfacegustalleviationcontrolsystemexperimenthavebeenconductedseparately.Besides,comparisonsoftwoexperimentshavebeenperformed.2.模型屋頂2.1.清水景里tuning,agfig.u2004和krafterityto治TheexperimentalmodelisshowninFig.1.ThewingconsistingofamainwingwithanouteraileroncontrolsurfaceandaninneraileroncontrolsurfaceisbasedontheNACA0015airfoilshape.Therootofthewingisfixed.Thespanofthewingmodelis2m,thechordofthewingtipis0.2mandthechordofthewingrootis0.65m.Theleading-edgebacksweptangleofthewingis20°.AllexperimentswereperformedinFD-09low-speedwindtunnelatChinaAcademyofAerospaceAerodynamics.Thewindtunnelisaclosed-circuittunnelwitha3m×3mtestsection.Agustgeneratordeviceconsistingoftwovanesisinstalledbeforethewingmodel(seeFig.1).Thevanescanrotateinthewayofthedesignedfrequencyandamplitudecirclingitspinnedaxistoproducecontinuoussinusoidalgustsinthetestsection.Anaccelerometerisassembledinthewingtipofthemodel.Thegustalleviationcontrolsystemdesignedinthisarticleregardstheaccelerationandtheflowvelocitysignalsasinputs,andmaneuversthedeflectionsofthetwoaileronstoreachthegoalofgustalleviation.Thefirstmodeofthemodelintheexperimentsisthefirstbendingmodewithafrequencyof1.6Hz;andthesecondmodeisthesecondbendingmodewithafrequencyof6.2Hz;andthethirdmodeisthefirsttorsionalmodewithafrequencyof14.9Hz.2.2.enralizedficidsstiffmaearitysrespicas法Acontrolsystemofagustalleviationmodelconsistsofthreestate-spaceequationsofaflexiblewingmodel,anactuatorsegmentandagustsegment.First,theaeroelasticequationofaflexiblewingisgivenbywhereqisthegeneralizedcoordinate;M,CandKarethegeneralizedmass,generalizeddampingandgeneralizedstiffnessmatricesrespectively;δisthecontrolsurfacedeflection;MSetupthestate-spaceequationofaflexiblewingw&Theactuatorisapproximatewiththree-ordertransferfunction,andtherelativestate-spaceequationisgivenbywherexTwokindsofgustshavebeenconsideredinthisarticle.Onekindissinusoidalgustusedinexperimentsandsimulations.Theotherisrandomgustjustusedinsimulations.ThesinusoidalgustisexpressedbywhereGistheamplitudeofthegust,ωthefrequencyofthegust,andtthetime.Drydenmodelhasbeenselectedasthepowerspectralmodelofrandomgustinthisarticle.IthassimilareffectsasvonKarmanmodelwhiletheflowvelocityislowandthegustfrequencyisnotveryhighwherexBasedonEqs.(2)-(3)andEq.(5),astate-spaceequa-tionofgustmodelhasbeenbuiltbyWhenthegustissinusoidalgust,Eq.(5)canberemoved,andthegustisimportedasEq.(4)directly.3.控制lawdesig3.1.非價格主義醫(yī)學(xué)和非價約化執(zhí)行對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法發(fā)展的意義Tostudythecharacteristicsofgustalleviationcon-trollawsbasedonneuro-fuzzytheory,threecontrollawshavebeensetup:aPIDcontrollaw,neuro-fuzzycontrollawAandneuro-fuzzycontrollawB.ThePIDcontrollaw,whichhaslotsofadvantagesincludingsimplestructure,beingeasytobecarriedoutandbeingconvenienttobeused,isoneofthemostpopularcontrollawsusedinengineeringprojects.UsingthePIDcontrollawasacomparison,wecandistinctlyrealizethecharacteristicsofneuro-fuzzygustalleviationcontrollaws.(1)ThePIDcontrollaw(seeFig.2).InFig.2,kIngeneralPIDcontrollaw,k(2)Theneuro-fuzzycontrollawA(seeFig.3).Althoughfuzzycontrollawisflexibleinstructure,controlmethodandknowledgeexpression,itisdifficulttoobtaincontrolknowledgeandseteffectiveinferenceThus,setuptheneuro-fuzzycontrollawA.Thewholegustalleviationsystemincludestwocontrollers:fuzzycontrollerkComparedwiththePIDcontrollaw,neuro-fuzzycontrollawAcanconsiderthenonlineareffectofcoefficientsonthemodel.Moreover,kAphenomenonduringthesimulationsandexperimentsattractsourattention.Theproportionofkwherek(3)Theneuro-fuzzycontrollawB.Setupneuro-fuzzycontrollawBbasedonEq.(8),asshowninFig.4.Thewholegustalleviationsystemincludesonemorefuzzycontrollerthanneuro-fuzzycontrollawA:controllera,whichconsistsofyAllcontrollersaretheMamdani-Assiliantype.Themax-mininferenceisusedtogeneratethebestpossibleconclusions;andthecentroid-of-aero(COA)defuzzifiationprocedureisusedtocalculatecrispcontrolactions.AllmembershipfunctionsarefittedusingBPalgorithm.Thevistheinputvariableparameterinthetwoneuro-fuzzycontrollaws.Andthedeflectionsofcontrolsurfacesaresettozerowhenvisclosetoflutterspeedinthetwoneuro-fuzzycontrollaws.Thus,wecandesignanothercontrollawofwhichthemainfunctionisfluttersuppression.3.2.kneuro-sf最終成立的—SimulationcomparisonsTocomparethegustresponsealleviationeffectsofdifferentcontrollaws,wedefinegustresponsealleviationefficiencyaswhereσCarryoutthegustalleviationsimulationsusingthethreekindsofcontrollawsontwo-control-surfacesystemrespectively.Thegustisrandomgust,andtheflowvelocityis28m/s.Therangeofdeflectionsofouteraileronandinneraileronisrestrictedto-10°-10°.Fig.5presentsthesimulationresults.InFig.5,gistheunitofaccelerationoverload,andg=9.8m/sThekNeuro-fuzzycontrollawAisnotveryeffectiveingustresponsealleviation.Thereasonisneuro-fuzzycontrollawAhastwomainfunctions.OneisremedythedefectofPIDcontrollawcoefficientsdefinedbycalculatingmembershipfunctionsusingBPalgorithm.TheotheroneisthatitcanconsiderthenonlinearvariationofkComparedwiththeneuro-fuzzycontrollawA,neuro-fuzzycontrollawBcontainsonemorefuzzycontroller,thefuzzycontrollera.Itisnestedwithanothertwofuzzycontrollers,thefuzzycontrollerkFig.6presentsthevariationsofgustresponsealleviationefficiencywithvusingthreecontrollawsrespectively.ThegustresponsealleviationefficiencyiscalculatedbyEq.(9).Fig.6indicatesthatthegustresponsealleviationefficiencyisgreatlyaffectedbyvwhileusingPIDcontrollaw.ThisisbecausekThegustresponsealleviationefficiencyusingneuro-fuzzycontrollawAissteady,butnotthebestoneallthetime.Thegustresponsealleviationefficiencyusingneuro-fuzzycontrollawBisalwayshighatdifferentflowvelocities.However,atlowflowvelocities,thegustresponsealleviationefficiencyisnotveryhighbecauseofthelowefficiencyofcontrolsurfaces.Thegustresponsealleviationeffectsofthethreecontrollawsallincreasewithflowvelocity.Themainreasonisthattheefficiencyofcontrolsurfacesincreaseswithflowvelocity.Intheend,theeffectofgustresponsealleviationisrestrictedbytheefficiencyofcontrolsurfaces.4.sinusityind.sipwellingTheneuro-fuzzycontrollawBwhichhasthebestgustalleviationeffectinthesimulationsisappliedtothesinusoidalgustalleviationexperiments.Themodelhastwocontrolsurfaces.Thus,twokindsofexperimentsarecarriedout.One-control-surfacecontrolsystemandtwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemareusedrespectivelyineachkind.Botharebasedontheneuro-fuzzycontrollawB.4.1.respese-n-roThefrequencyofthesinusoidalgustintheexperimentsis2Hz.Becauseofthebigperturbationofthegustintheexperiments,therangeofflowvelocityis10-16m/s.Thecontrolsurfaceistheouteraileronofthewing,andtherangeofdeflectionisrestrictedto-10°-10°.Fig.7presentstheexperimentalresultsat12m/s.Fig.7(a)showstheresponsewithoutcontrol,Fig.7(b)showstheresponseunderone-control-surfacecontrolsystem,andFig.7(c)showsthecorrespondingdeflectionsoftheouteraileron.Theexperimentsdemonstratethatthegustallevia-tionresultisnotverygoodundertheone-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Themainreasonistheperturbationofthegustistoobiganddropstheeffectofthesystem.Fig.7(c)displaysthatthedeflectionoftheouteraileronisnearlychangedjustfromoneextremetotheother.Table1presentsthevariationofthegustresponsealleviationefficiencyintheexperiments.InTable1,kisreducedfrequency,k=ωb/v,andbismeanhalfchordofthemodel.Theefficiencyisconsiderablycloseatdifferentflowvelocitiesusingtheone-controlsurfacecontrolsystem.Buttheyarenotveryhighbecauseofgreatperturbationsofthegust.4.2.ctiationag相對分子的駁岸面向誤操作用sice-siceeIntheexperimentsusingtwo-control-surfacegustalleviationcontrolsystem,theexperimentalconditionsarethesameasthoseoftheone-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Andtherangeofdeflectionsofouteraileronandinneraileronis-10-10°.Fig.8showstheexperimentalresultsat12m/softhetwo-control-surfacecontrolsystem.TheresponsewithoutcontrolisthesameasresponseshowninFig.7(a).Fig.8(a)displaysthegustresponseundertwo-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Fig.8(b)displaysthecorrespondingdeflectionoftheouteraileron,andFig.8(c)displaysthecorrespondingdeflectionoftheinneraileron.AccordingtoFig.8,thegustalleviationeffectofthetwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemisobviousat12m/s.Fig.8(b)andFig.8(c)indicatethatthemaximumdeflectionsofcontrolsurfacesreachtheextreme,butmostofthedeflectionsareintherange.Therefore,theeffectofthecontrolsystemisnotweakened.Table2illustratesthevariationofthegustresponsealleviationefficiencywiththeflowvelocityintheexperiments.FromTable2,wecanrealizethatthegustalleviationeffectoftwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemisbetterthanthatofone-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Furthermore,thebestgustalleviationeffectofthetwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemisat12m/s,thesameasthatoftheone-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Thereasonisthattheefficiencyofcontrolsurfaceat10m/sislowerthanthatat12m/s.Whentheflowvelocityishigherthan12m/s,thedeflectionsofcontrolsurfaceswillincreaseovertotheextreme.Then,thegustalleviationefficiencywilldropgreatly.Therefore,theefficiencyofthetwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemreduceswhentheflowvelocityishigherthan12m/s.Thisiscontrarytothesimulationresults(seeFig.6).Inactualflight,theflowvelocityishigherthanthatintheexperimentsandthegustisweaker;therefore,thedeflectionsofthecontrolsurfacesareusuallyintherangeoftherestrictionandthegustresponsealleviationefficiencywillgetclosetotheresultsshowninFig.6.5.siphinciesoffig.10.3.3.3.3—ComparisonBetweenExperimentalandSim-ulationResultsToinvestigatetherelationshipbetweengustfrequencyandgustalleviationcontrolefficiency,wehavedevelopedgustalleviationexperimentsofdifferentgustfrequency.Therangeofgustfrequencyis2-5Hz,andtheflowvelocityis14m/s.Simulationsarecarriedoutunderthesameconditiontocomparewiththeexperiments.TheresultsareshowninFig.9.Fig.9showsthatthegustalleviationefficiencyatdifferentfrequenciesallkeepsover20%usingtwo-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Thegustalleviationeffectsaresteady.Moreover,thesimulationresultsmatchtheexperimentalresultswell.Fig.10presentsacomparisonbetweenthesimulationsandexperimentsofone-control-surfacecontrolsystemandtwo-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Fig.10illustratesthatthegustresponsealleviationefficiencyusingtwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemalwaysdoublestheefficiencyusingone-control-surfacecontrolsystem.Thatisbecausetheareaofcontrolsurfaceintwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemisbigger.Andthedeflectionsofthecontrolsurfacesinthetwo-control-surfacecontrolsystemarealmosthalfofthedeflectionsintheone-control-sur-facecontrolsystemunderthesamegust.Therefore,therestrictiononthedeflectionofcontrolsurfacehasmoreeffectsontheone-control-surfacecontrolsystemwhentheperturbationofgustisgreat.Theresultsofsimulationsandexperimentsofthetwocontrolsystemsindicatethatthevariationtendenciesofgustalleviationefficiencyareconsistent,andtheconcretevaluesarerelativelyclose.Thus,thesimulationofthegustalleviationmodelissuccessful.6.．自然gnusity-siphyto身份的siphindipte-siphindipte-siphindipt3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.4.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.4.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3Twokindsofneuro-fuzzycontrollawsaredesignedforaflexiblewingmodel.Simulationsofrandomgustalleviationsaredevelopedusingthetwokindsofneuro-fuzzycontrollawsandthePIDcontrollaw