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第六講動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致0102動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)|普通過去時(shí)|普通未來時(shí)|過去未來時(shí)|現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)|過去完成時(shí)|現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)|現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)|過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)組成|被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本使用方法|主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義I.單句語法填空|II.單句改錯(cuò)|III.翻譯句子|IV.語法填空

|V.短文改錯(cuò)主謂一致語法一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

|意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

|就近一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)06針對(duì)訓(xùn)練031/71動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)2/71一、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)組成。普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示,當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語普通由動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es組成。其改變規(guī)則以下:13/71一、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)組成。1情況改變規(guī)則例詞普通情況直接加-scome—comes

play—plays結(jié)尾為-s,-x,-sh,-ch或-o在詞尾加-espass-passes

wash-washesfix-fixes

go-goes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母+y”變y為i再加-escarry-carriescry-criesstudy-studiesworry-worries4/71一、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)使用方法。?表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,句中慣用often,usually,sometimes,everyday等時(shí)間狀語。2Hegoestoschoolbybicycleeveryday.他天天騎自行車去上學(xué)。5/71一、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)使用方法。?表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)、特征、事實(shí)或客觀真理。2Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣。6/71一、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)使用方法。?表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)、特征、事實(shí)或客觀真理。2Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣。Asweallknow,objectsfalltothegroundbecauseofgravity.眾所周知,因?yàn)橹亓ξ矬w下落。7/71一、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)使用方法。?在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示未來。2WhenIgraduate,I'llgotothecountryside.畢業(yè)后我要去鄉(xiāng)下。8/71一、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)使用方法。?表示按計(jì)劃、要求將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作,但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close,takeoff等。2Themeetingbeginsatseven.會(huì)議將于七點(diǎn)開始。Theplanetakesoffat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.飛機(jī)將在明天早上6點(diǎn)鐘起飛。9/71二、普通過去時(shí)普通過去時(shí)組成。1情況改變規(guī)則例詞普通情況在動(dòng)詞后加-edstay—stayedexpect—expected以-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞后加-dhope—hoped以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞變y為i再加-edstudy—studied

carry—carried重讀閉音節(jié)中,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫詞尾輔音字母再加-edplan—plannedprefer—preferred普通過去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞過去式表示,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式普通由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed組成,其改變規(guī)則以下:10/71二、普通過去時(shí)普通過去時(shí)使用方法。2?表示在確定過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Hefinishedwritinghisnovellastmonth.他上個(gè)月寫完了一部小說。IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andIwentstraighttobed.我到家時(shí)候感到非常累,就直接上床睡覺了。11/71二、普通過去時(shí)普通過去時(shí)使用方法。2?表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是個(gè)孩子時(shí)候,常在馬路上踢足球。12/71二、普通過去時(shí)普通過去時(shí)使用方法。2?有些動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間沒有詳細(xì)表明,但實(shí)際上是“剛才,剛才”發(fā)生,應(yīng)使用普通過去時(shí)。Yourphonenumberagain?Ididn'tquite

catchit.你再說一遍您電話號(hào)碼,我剛才沒有聽清。13/71二、普通過去時(shí)普通過去時(shí)使用方法。2?有表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成動(dòng)作。Mr.WhitelivedinParisforsevenyears,andhelivesinBeijingnow.懷特先生在巴黎住過七年,他現(xiàn)在住在北京。14/71三、普通未來時(shí)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形。1?表示客觀未來,常與表示未來時(shí)間狀語連用。shall普通用于第一人稱,will可用于各種人稱。Mybirthdayiscoming.Ishallbe18yearsold.我生日就要到了。我將要18歲了。普通未來時(shí)表示從現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。15/71三、普通未來時(shí)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形。1?will還可表示說話時(shí)暫時(shí)做出決定?!猈hattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheck

itforyou.——幾點(diǎn)了?——我不知道。稍等,我?guī)湍憧匆幌?。普通未來時(shí)表示從現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。16/71三、普通未來時(shí)begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形。2“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或依據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Iamgoingto

buysomebookswithmysisterthisafternoon.我打算下午和姐姐去買些書。Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingto

rain.看那些烏云。天要下雨了。17/71三、普通未來時(shí)beto+動(dòng)詞原形,表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行動(dòng)作或征求對(duì)方意見。3Theboyistogo

toschooltomorrow.男孩明天要去上學(xué)。Arewetogo

onwiththiswork?我們要繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎?

[名師指津]

betodo和begoingtodo區(qū)分betodo表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,begoingtodo表示主觀打算或計(jì)劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀想法)18/71四、過去未來時(shí)過去未來時(shí)慣用表示法:would/should+動(dòng)詞原形。1?表示對(duì)過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)而言將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。Ihopedthatwewouldmeet

againsomeday.我希望未來有一天我們能再見面。19/71四、過去未來時(shí)過去未來時(shí)慣用表示法:would/should+動(dòng)詞原形。1?表示過去某種習(xí)慣行為。Iwouldswim

inthesmallriverafterschoolwhenIwasachild.我小時(shí)候放學(xué)后總是在這條小河里游泳。20/71四、過去未來時(shí)過去未來時(shí)其它表示法2?was/weregoingtodo表示過去打算和意圖。Hewasgoingtostart

workthefollowingweek.他打算接下來那個(gè)星期開始工作。21/71四、過去未來時(shí)過去未來時(shí)其它表示法2?was/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形。這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常指過去計(jì)劃、安排或注定要發(fā)生事情。假如計(jì)劃動(dòng)作沒有實(shí)現(xiàn),要用動(dòng)詞完成式。Hesaidhewastomeet

hisfriendatthestationat4pm.他說他下午四點(diǎn)去車站接他朋友。(計(jì)劃安排)22/71四、過去未來時(shí)過去未來時(shí)其它表示法2?was/wereaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去即將發(fā)生事,常與when連用。Iwasabouttogo

outwhensomeonecalledme.我正要出門,這時(shí)有些人給我打電話。23/71五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生或完成動(dòng)作,其結(jié)果影響現(xiàn)在依然存在。有時(shí)與just,already,yet,recently,before,twice,threetimes等時(shí)間狀語連用,常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。1Idon'twanttogotothecinemawithyou,becauseIhaveseen

thefilmalready.我不想和你一起去看電影,因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)看過那部電影了。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語組成:have(has)+過去分詞。24/71五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”、“for+時(shí)間段”及sofar,uptonow,tillnow,inthelast/pastfewyears等時(shí)間狀語連用。2ThefilmWolf

Warrior

hasreceived

goodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.電影《戰(zhàn)狼Ⅱ》自上個(gè)月上映以來取得了許多好評(píng)。25/71五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)慣用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型3ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattended

sinceIcametothisschool.這是自從我到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來所參加過最有教育意義講座。?在“It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting等)+名詞+從句”中,從句中謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。26/71五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)慣用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句型3Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeen

lateforworkthisweek,isn'tit?這已經(jīng)是本周你第三次上班遲到了,不是嗎??在“It(This)is(willbe)thefirst/second/third...time+that從句”中,that從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。27/71六、過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)組成為had+done。表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)作,即“過去過去”,句中有顯著表示過去參考動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語。1BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduated

fromcollege.杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí),他兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleft

whenhearrivedattheparty.湯姆失望了,因?yàn)樗诌_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí),大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。28/71六、過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用過去完成時(shí),表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望、打算和意圖。2Wehadhoped

thatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.那時(shí)我們希望你能來,不過你沒有來。29/71六、過去完成時(shí)慣用過去完成時(shí)句型3Hardlyhadthespeakerfinished

hisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演講者一結(jié)束他講話,觀眾就不停地向他提問。?“hardly(scarcely)...when...,nosooner...than...”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用普通過去時(shí),意思為“剛······就······”。30/71六、過去完成時(shí)慣用過去完成時(shí)句型3Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.這是她第二次看見她祖父了。?表示“第幾次做某事”,主句用過去時(shí),從句用過去完成時(shí)。

[名師指津]

兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按次序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but等連接時(shí),多用普通過去時(shí)。Whenshesawthemouse,shescreamed.她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。31/71七、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)組成為have/has+been+doing。表示過去動(dòng)作連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛才結(jié)束或有可能延續(xù)下去,常和for,since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語連用。1Tomlookstiredbecausehehasbeencleaningthehousesince9am.湯姆看上去很累,因?yàn)樗麖脑绯烤劈c(diǎn)到現(xiàn)在一直在清掃房間了。32/71七、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示重復(fù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作。2Youhavebeensaying

youcansucceedforfiveyears.五年來你一直在說你能成功。表示某種感情色彩。3Toomuchhasbeenhappening

today.今天真是一個(gè)多事日子。33/71八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)組成。1情況改變規(guī)則例詞普通情況在詞尾直接加-ingwork—working

study—studying以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞去e再加-inghave—having

take—taking以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫該輔音字母再加-ingcut—cuttingbegin—beginning以-ie結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞變ie為y再加-inglie—lyingdie—dying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)組成形式為:am/is/are+v.-ing。v.-ing形式改變規(guī)則以下:34/71八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)使用方法2Wearewaitingfor

youattheairport.我們正在機(jī)場(chǎng)等你。?表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生事情。Mr.Greeniswriting

anothernovelthesedays.這些天格林先生在寫另一部小說。(說話時(shí)可能并未在寫)?表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。35/71八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)使用方法2It'sgetting

warmerandwarmer.天越來越暖和了。?表示逐步改變動(dòng)作,這么動(dòng)詞有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Youarealwayschanging

yourmind.你老是改變主意。?與always,constantly,forever等詞連用,表示重復(fù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或連續(xù)存在狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人主觀感情色彩。36/71八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)使用方法2

[名師指津]

不用進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞(1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞和心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如belong,possess,owe,exist,include,contain,continue,know,realize,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,prefer,understand等。Thishousebelongstomysister.這房子是我姐。

(2)系動(dòng)詞,如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。Youseemalittletired.你看上去有點(diǎn)累。37/71九、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài)。慣用時(shí)間狀語有:atsixthismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening等。Iwasmakingamodalplaneatnineyesterdayevening.我昨天晚上九點(diǎn)正在制作模型飛機(jī)。138/71九、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)另一個(gè)主要使用方法是描述一件事發(fā)生背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生,慣用于when和while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.我哥哥騎車時(shí)摔了下來,受了傷。239/71動(dòng)詞語態(tài)40/71一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)組成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞”組成,be動(dòng)詞有些人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)改變。被動(dòng)語態(tài)常見時(shí)態(tài)改變(以動(dòng)詞build為例)列表以下:

狀態(tài)時(shí)間普通進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/arebuiltam/is/arebeingbuilthas/havebeenbuilt過去was/werebuiltwas/werebeingbuilthadbeenbuilt未來shall/willbebuiltshall/willhavebeenbuilt過去未來should/wouldbebuilt41/71一、部分倒裝Thewindowisdirty.Ithasn'tbeencleaned

forweeks.窗戶臟了。已經(jīng)好幾周沒擦了。Alltheemployeesareencouraged

toworkonlineathome.全部雇員都被勉勵(lì)在家網(wǎng)上辦公。Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereduced

greatlyifpeopleeathealthily.假如人們能健康地飲食,那么死于心臟病人數(shù)將大大降低。

[名師指津]

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)組成:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞Theboxesmustbemovedintothehousebeforeitrains.這些箱子必須在下雨前搬到房間里去。42/71二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本使用方法不知道誰是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。Thisjacketismade

ofcotton.這件上衣是棉料。1為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者或事件本身。Visitorsarerequested

nottotouchtheexhibits.要求參觀者不可觸摸展品。243/71二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本使用方法用在科技文件或新聞報(bào)道中。Carsofthiskindweremade

inthe1980s.這種小汽車是二十世紀(jì)80年代制造。3

[名師指津]

get+過去分詞能夠表示被動(dòng),此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。Thepatientgottreated

onceaweek.那位病人一周得到一次治療。44/71三、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義系動(dòng)詞(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear等)+形容詞或名詞。Thedishtastesgood.這菜味道不錯(cuò)。1表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞(begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut,move,run等)。Thestoreclosesat6:00p.m.everyday.商店天天下午六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。245/71三、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義表示主語特點(diǎn)或特征動(dòng)詞(read,write,sell,wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,drink,eat,clean等)。Booksofthiskindsellwell.這類書很暢銷。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支鋼筆寫起來很流暢。346/71

主謂一致47/71主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致,普通遵照三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即語法一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和就近一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。做題時(shí)還要注意時(shí)態(tài)及其它語法及詞義正確性。48/71一、語法一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞慣用單數(shù)。1Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽音樂使我在一天忙碌之后得到了放松。Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessintheworld.愛人和被人愛是這個(gè)世界上最大幸福。Everythingisinacompletemess,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.全部事情都毫無頭緒,讓人發(fā)瘋。49/71一、語法一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主語后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引發(fā)短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)要與前面主語保持一致。2Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.史密斯先生和他妻子、女兒們今年夏天將要一起參觀北京。IthinkTom,ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為此事故負(fù)責(zé)任。50/71一、語法一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由“kind,type,sort,aquantityof,quantitiesof”等修飾主語,其謂語形式常取決于這些詞單復(fù)數(shù)。3Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.這種新型公共汽車現(xiàn)在正在展出。Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,alargequantityofgoodearthisbeingwashedawayeachyear.=Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,quantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.伴隨越來越多森林被砍伐,每年有大量沃土被沖走。51/71一、語法一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“morethanone/manya+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;each,every,no所修飾名詞作主語時(shí),即使有and連接,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。4Morethanonepersonisinvolvedinthis.與此事有牽連不止一個(gè)人。EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加周日即將舉行聚會(huì)。52/71二、意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集體名詞作主語時(shí),若被看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若被看作是組成集體一個(gè)個(gè)組員,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見集體名詞有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。1意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指不論主語形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),主語意義決定了謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。Theclassaredoingexperiments.全班學(xué)生都在做試驗(yàn)。53/71二、意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)therestof...,theremaining/part...+主語,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)依據(jù)句子所表示單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。2Thefactoryusedthreefifthsoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichweresavedforotherpurposes.工廠用了這種原材料五分之三,剩下部分節(jié)約出來作為他用。54/71二、意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)指代或修飾名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所表示意義。3About50%ofthelandissuitabletogrowplants.大約50%土地適合種植物。About80%ofthepeopleinthecityobjecttothepriceofrunningwatergoingup.這個(gè)城市中大約80%人反對(duì)自來水價(jià)格上調(diào)。55/71二、意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語情況。單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞,如means,works,sheep,deer,crossroads,series等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)依據(jù)詳細(xì)情況而定。4Therearevariousmeansofcommunicatingwithastranger.同陌生人交流有很多不一樣方法。56/71二、意義一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從句作主語情況。從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞普通用單數(shù)形式,但what引導(dǎo)從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要依據(jù)從句意義決定。5ThatJackhasgoneabroadmakesusallsurprised.杰克出國(guó)了,這使我們都很詫異。Whathesaysandactsdonotagree.他言行不一致。(指他說話和他做事,是復(fù)數(shù)概念)57/71三、就近一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞常與最近主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。1Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你或者你一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天會(huì)議。58/71三、就近一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由there,here引發(fā)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)通常和最鄰近主語保持一致。2Thereisadogandtwocatsatthedoor.門口有一條狗和兩只貓。59/71三、就近一致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)指代或修飾名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所表示意義。3Thefactoryusedthreefifthsoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichweresavedforotherpurposes.工廠用了這種原材料五分之三,剩下部分節(jié)約出來作為他用。60/71Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Later,engineers____________________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)2.Whenfatandsalt____________________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)3.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____________________(be)oftenacceptable.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)4.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight____________________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)5.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand__________________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)managedareremovedisbemadewere61/71Ⅰ.單句語法填空6.Mr.Greenaswellashischildren____________________(go)totheparkeverySunday.7.Whatherfatherlefther____________________(be)onlysomebooks.8.Myhobbyiswidespread,which____________________(include)drawing,collectingstampsandsoon.9.NowProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,____________________(be)workingontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.10.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____________________(stand)theteachingbuilding.goesareincludesisstands62/71Ⅰ.單句語法填空11.I____________________(intend)tocallonyou,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.12.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts____________________(reward)withsuccessintheend.13.Thisisbecausetwothirdsoftheearth'ssurface____________________(be)madeupofvastoceans.14.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho____________(wear)eveningdress.15.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____________________(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.hadintendedwillberewardediswearsare63/71Ⅰ.單句語法填空16.We____________________(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.17.Ifit____________________(turn)coldagain,they'lldivebackdown.Buttheycomeoutagainifitiswarm.18.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI____________________(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.19.It____________________(rain)whentheyleftthestation.20.Inthelastfewyears,China____________________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.weretoldturnshaveattendedwasraininghasmade64/71Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)2.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecameanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)3.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)4.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.(·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)5.Everymeanshavebeenconsideredbutnoneisproper.havetakenusedtoldhas65/71Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)6.Whetherthetempleshouldbepulleddownhavecausedaheateddiscussion.7.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswereinvitedtothepartyyesterday.8.OnedayIsawanadvertisementinalocalnewspaper.Iringupthecompany,andIwasgiventhejobimmediately.9.TheanswersheetmustcutfromthenewspaperandsenttoChinaDailybeforethedeadline.10.Inthepasttwoandahalfyears,ourschoolhadorganizedmanyactivities.haswasrangbehas66/71Ⅲ.翻譯句子1.早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。2.我抵達(dá)山頂時(shí),陽光燦爛。3.到當(dāng)前為止,不止一名學(xué)生已經(jīng)被錄用到這家俱樂部。4.電話鈴響時(shí)我恰好要上床睡覺。Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.Morethanonestudenthasbeenadmittedtotheclubsofar.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.67/71Ⅲ.翻譯句子5.那是他第三次告訴我要注意書寫。6.在過去十年里,我們城市里蓋起了許多高樓大廈。7.即使明天下雨,我們也不會(huì)改變計(jì)劃。8.到現(xiàn)在為止,兩條鐵路建筑工作已完成。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadtoldmetopayattentiontomyhandwriting.Inthepasttenyears,manytallbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Wewon'tchangeourplanevenifitrainstomorrow.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylineshasbeencompletedbynow.68/71Ⅳ.語法填空Oursenseofhearingisoneofthemostimportantmeansofknowingwhatisgoingonaroundus.We1.________(warn)ofdangerbysounds.Thesoundsofmusicpleaseus.Soundhasawasteproduct,too

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